Zeolite-based nanocomposite as a smart pH-sensitive nanovehicle for release of xylanase as poultry feed supplement

AbstractXylanase improves poultry nutrition by degrading xylan in the cell walls of feed grains and release the entrapped nutrients. However, the application of xylanase as a feed supplement is restricted to its low stability in the environment and gastrointestinal (GI) tract of poultry. To overcome these obstacles, Zeozyme NPs as a smart pH-responsive nanosystem was designed based on xylanase immobilization on zeolitic nanoporous as the major cornerstone that was modified with L-lysine. The immobilized xylanase was followed by encapsulating with a cross-linked CMC-based polymer. Zeozyme NPs was structurally characterized using TEM, SEM, AFM, DLS, TGA and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms at liquid nitrogen temperature. The stability of Zeozyme NPs was evaluated at different temperatures, pH, and in the presence of proteases. Additionally, the release pattern of xylanase was investigated at a digestion model mimicking the GI tract. Xylanase was released selectively at the duodenum and ileum (pH 6–7.1) and remarkably preserved at pH ≤ 6 including proventriculus, gizzard, and crop (pH 1.6–5). The results confirmed that the zeolite equipped with the CMC matrix could enhance the xylanase thermal and pH stability and preserve its activity in the presence of proteases. Moreover, Zeozyme NPs exhibited a smart pH-dependent release of xylanase in an in vitro simulated GI tract.

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ESTIMATION OF QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF A POULTRY FEED SUPPLEMENT IN FEEDING HUBBARD BROILER CHICKENS

Foods and raw materials ◽

10.21603/2308-4057-2017-2-137-144 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.I. Piskaeva ◽

◽

V.F. Dolganyuk ◽

S.Y. Noskova ◽

O.S. Chaplygin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Poultry Feed ◽

Feed Supplement ◽

Poultry Feed Supplement

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Effect of Aluminum Incorporation into Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Framework on Drug Release Kinetics

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2017/9864396 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Raul-Augustin Mitran ◽

Daniela Berger ◽

Jeanina Pandele-Cusu ◽

Cristian Matei

Keyword(s):

Pore Size ◽

Therapeutic Agent ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

Model Drug ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Mesoporous silica materials are promising nanocarriers for the development of drug delivery systems. In this study, the influence of pore size, volume, surface area, and doping the silica framework on the release kinetics of a model drug, metoprolol, has been studied. 20% or 50% wt. therapeutic agent was loaded into the carrier mesopores through incipient wetness impregnation. The carriers and drug-loaded samples have been characterized by small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The in vitro release profiles have been fitted using a three-parameter kinetic model and they have been explained in terms of the release rate during the burst and sustained release stages and the fraction of drug molecules released during the burst stage. The silica framework doping with aluminum was found to decrease the amount of drug released in the burst stage, without affecting the other kinetic parameters. The therapeutic agent release rates depend mainly on the pore size and volume of the mesoporous carriers and drug-loaded samples.

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An Investigation on Spray-Granulated, Macroporous, Bioactive Glass Microspheres for a Controlled Drug Delivery System

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14113112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3112

Author(s):

Henni Setia Ningsih ◽

Liu-Gu Chen ◽

Ren-Jei Chung ◽

Yu-Jen Chou

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Particle Morphology ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

In Vitro Drug Release ◽

Controlled Drug Delivery System ◽

Excellent Candidate ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Bioactive glass (BG) has been regarded as an excellent candidate for biomedical applications due to its superior properties of bioactivity, biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and biodegradability. Thus, in this study, we aimed to fabricate drug carriers that were capable of loading therapeutic antibiotics while promoting bone regeneration using macroporous BG microspheres, prepared by a spray drying method. Characterizations of particle morphology and specific surface area were carried out via scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm. Evaluations of in vitro bioactivity were performed based on Kokubo’s simulated body fluid to confirm the formation of the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer after immersion. In addition, the in vitro drug release behaviors were examined, using tetracycline as the therapeutic antibiotic in pH 7.4 and 5.0 environments. Finally, the results showed that BG microspheres of up to 33 μm could be mass-produced, targeting various therapeutic situations and their resulting bioactivities and drug release behaviors, and related properties were discussed.

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Development of Topical Niosomal Gel of Benzoyl Peroxide

ISRN Nanotechnology ◽

10.5402/2011/503158 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jigar Vyas ◽

Puja Vyas ◽

Dhaval Raval ◽

Paresh Paghdar

Keyword(s):

Benzoyl Peroxide ◽

In Vitro Release ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Topical Gel ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Skin Redness ◽

The Stability ◽

Niosomal Gel ◽

Vitro Release

Benzoyl peroxide is macrolide antibiotic used commonly for the treatment of acne either alone or in combination. But it suffers from side effects like skin redness, irritation, itching, and edema. Niosomes, a nonionic surfactant vesicular formulation, have been explored extensively for topical application to enhance skin penetration as well as to improve skin retention of drugs. In the present study, Benzoyl peroxide was entrapped into niosomes by thin film hydration technique, and various process parameters were optimized by partial factorial design. The optimized niosomal formulation was incorporated into HPMC K15 gel and extensively characterized for percentage drug entrapment (PDE) and in vitro release performance. The stability of above formulation was studied at different temperatures. The present study demonstrated prolongation of drug release, increased drug retention into skin, and improved permeation across the skin after encapsulation of benzoyl peroxide into niosomal topical gel.

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Supplementation of pig starter diets with carbohydrate-degrading enzymes - stability, activity and mode of action

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72724 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Johan Inborr

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Wheat Gluten ◽

Live Weight ◽

Gi Tract ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Degrading Enzymes ◽

The Stability

A total of five experiments were conducted to investigate the stability of feed enzymes to steam pelleting and the proteolytic conditions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of pigs and poultry, and to try and elucidate the mechanisms behind the improved performance of pigs fed enzyme-supplemented barley/wheat-based diets. The results of the pelleting stability experiment showed that the commercial feed enzyme employed maintained most of its activity in conditioning temperatures up to 85°C.Furthermore, it became evident that measuring enzyme recovery in pelleted feeds by in-vitro assay methods underestimated the actual activity. For this purpose in-vivo models such as that based on gut viscosity measurements in broiler chickens gives a more accurate estimate. Gut viscosity also correlated highly with live weight gain (r2=0.624) and feed utilisation (r2=0.616) of broiler chickens. The in-vitro incubations using conditions similar to those of the GI tract showed that enzymes are not readily denatured and inactivated in such conditions and indicated that wheat and wheat gluten, and possibly similar feed ingredients, may help to maintain the activity longer either due to their buffering capacity or by providing substrates for the enzymes. This was supported by the results of the in-vivo measurements. In the stomach of pigs, 10-20per cent of the xylanase and β-glucanase activities added to the diets could still be recovered 4 hours after feeding. In the ileum, proportionally more added enzyme activities were recovered between 4 and 6 than 0 and 2 hours after feeding. In broiler chickens fed an enzyme-supplemented barley-based diet, β-glucanase was fully recovered in the proximal part of the small intestine, giving further proof of the stability of the enzymes employed to the conditions of the GI tract. When a mixture of fibre- and starch-degrading enzymes were added to a diet based on wheat and barley, β-glucan, starch and dry matter digestibilities were significantly (P

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Zinc Titanate Nanopowders. Synthesis and Characterization

10.21203/rs.3.rs-755010/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M Gabal ◽

Y.M. Al Angari

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Zinc Titanate ◽

Low Dielectric ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Precursor Decomposition ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Abstract Zinc titanates nanopowders viz.; Zn2TiO4, ZnTi3O8 and ZnTiO3 were synthesized through the thermal decomposition course of ZnC2O4.2H2O-TiO2 precursor (1:1 mole ratio), prepared via a new co-precipitation method up to 900oC. Thermogravimetric measurement (TG) was utilized to characterize the precursor decomposition while X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) were used to characterize the decomposition products as well as the phase transitions at different temperatures. XRD revealed the starting of titanates formation at 700oC via detecting Zn2TiO4 along with ZnO and TiO2 (anatase) diffraction peaks. By increasing the calcination temperature to 800oC, the ZnO content vanished with the appearing of Zn2Ti3O8 besides ZnTi2O4 and impurities of TiO2 (anatase). Finally at 900oC, the Zn2Ti3O8 content was decomposed into ZnTiO3. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm of the calcined precursor at 900oC indicated low specific surface area of 7.1 m2 g-1 in accordance with the agglomeration nature estimated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study. The conductivity measurements showed semiconducting behavior of the prepared titanates with ferroelectric transition in the range 200-308oC.The obtained low dielectric value suggests the uses of present titanates as a co-fired ceramic or resonator ceramics.

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Manganese Oxide Aerogels Obtained in a One-Step Process Directly in Supercritical CO2 at Different Temperatures

INEOS OPEN ◽

10.32931/io2115a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

I. V. Elmanovich ◽

◽

V. V. Zefirov ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Manganese Oxide ◽

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Step Process ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

One Step ◽

Desorption Isotherms ◽

Adsorption Desorption

The work presents a study of the formation of manganese oxide aerogels in the process of thermal decomposition of manganese carbonyls in oxygen-enriched supercritical CO2 at different temperatures. The morphology of the aerogels was studied by means of electron microscopy; the porous structure was investigated through the analysis of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. The process was observed in an optical high-pressure view-cell.

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Cardiolipin Stabilizes and Increases Catalytic Efficiency of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II and Its Variants S113L, P50H, and Y479F

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4831

Author(s):

Beate Meinhardt ◽

Leila Motlagh Scholle ◽

Franziska Seifert ◽

Martina Anwand ◽

Markus Pietzsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Efficiency ◽

Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase ◽

Differential Scanning Fluorimetry ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Functional Consequences ◽

The Stability ◽

Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase Ii ◽

The Impact

Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency is associated with various mutations in CPT2 gene. In the present study, the impact of the two CPT II variants P50H and Y479F were characterized in terms of stability and activity in vitro in comparison to wildtype (WT) and the well investigated variant S113L. While the initial enzyme activity of all variants showed wild-type-like behavior, the activity half-lives of the variants at different temperatures were severely reduced. This finding was validated by the investigation of thermostability of the enzymes using nano differential scanning fluorimetry (nanoDSF). Further, it was studied whether the protein stabilizing diphosphatidylglycerol cardiolipin (CL) has an effect on the variants. CL indeed had a positive effect on the stability. This effect was strongest for WT and least pronounced for variant P50H. Additionally, CL improved the catalytic efficiency for CPT II WT and the investigated variants by twofold when carnitine was the varied substrate due to a decrease in KM. However, there was no influence detected for the variation of substrate palmitoyl-CoA. The functional consequences of the stabilization by CL in vivo remain open.

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In-vitro stability of human alpha-fetoprotein.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/31.10.1692 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 1692-1697 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J T Wu ◽

J A Knight

Keyword(s):

Incubation Temperature ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Alpha Fetoprotein ◽

Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Normal Human ◽

The Stability ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

In Vitro Stability

Abstract We assessed the stability of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in clinical specimens in the presence and absence of serum and albumin, at different temperatures and concentrations. We find it depends on both AFP concentration and incubation temperature. Dilution of most specimens with either phosphate buffer or phosphate-buffered saline or by immunoelectrodiffusion resulted in some loss of AFP. Attempts to stabilize AFP during either sample dilution or incubation by use of albumin in concentrations up to 1 g/L did not protect it from inactivation unless normal human serum was also included. Frozen AFP solutions were less stable than solutions stored at 4 degrees C. AFP was most stable when lyophilized and stored desiccated. The AFP-inactivation curves were usually nonlinear. Apparently both polymerization and degradation occur simultaneously as AFP loses its activity. Proteolytic enzyme inhibitor and sulfhydryl reagent not only failed to protect it from inactivation, they appeared to speed it.

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Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Hierarchical Macro-Mesoporous Anatase byZrO2Incorporation

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2012/609561 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. L. García-Benjume ◽

M. I. Espitia-Cabrera ◽

M. E. Contreras-García

Keyword(s):

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Mesoporous Structure ◽

Tween 20 ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Photocatalytic Effect ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Adsorption Desorption

The effect of the addition of zirconia in the photocatalytic behaviour of titania is analysed. In order to increase the ways for reagent and product diffusion in the material, a sol-gel hydrothermal synthesis route using Tween-20 as a directing agent to obtain a hierarchical macro-mesoporous structure is proposed. Nanostructured macro-mesoporous TiO2/ZrO2photocatalyst with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 100% mol of ZrO2were obtained and calcined at different temperatures. The crystalline structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and TEM. The porosity was confirmed by SEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The worm-like mesoporous structure was confirmed by TEM. The specific surface areas obtained by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method (BET) ranged from 125 to 180 m2/g. The Tween-20 total elimination from the structure by thermal treatment was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, the photocatalytic effect of the zirconia addition was studied in the methylene blue (MB) degradation reaction, and the best photocatalytic activity was obtained in the sample with 10% mol of ZrO2, degrading up to 92% the MB.

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