scholarly journals Quantification of the effects of climatic conditions on French hospital admissions and deaths induced by SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hippolyte d’Albis ◽  
Dramane Coulibaly ◽  
Alix Roumagnac ◽  
Eurico de Carvalho Filho ◽  
Raphaël Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Model ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
French Hospital ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAn estimation of the impact of climatic conditions—measured with an index that combines temperature and humidity, the IPTCC—on the hospitalizations and deaths attributed to SARS-CoV-2 is proposed. The present paper uses weekly data from 54 French administrative regions between March 23, 2020 and January 10, 2021. Firstly, a Granger causal analysis is developed and reveals that past values of the IPTCC contain information that allow for a better prediction of hospitalizations or deaths than that obtained without the IPTCC. Finally, a vector autoregressive model is estimated to evaluate the dynamic response of hospitalizations and deaths after an increase in the IPTCC. It is estimated that a 10-point increase in the IPTCC causes hospitalizations to rise by 2.9% (90% CI 0.7–5.0) one week after the increase, and by 4.1% (90% CI 2.1–6.4) and 4.4% (90% CI 2.5–6.3) in the two following weeks. Over ten weeks, the cumulative effect is estimated to reach 20.1%. Two weeks after the increase in the IPTCC, deaths are estimated to rise by 3.7% (90% CI 1.6–5.8). The cumulative effect from the second to the tenth weeks reaches 15.8%. The results are robust to the inclusion of air pollution indicators.

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Quality on Hospital Admissions for Chronic Respiratory Diseases in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, 2013–2015

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1060
Author(s):  
Karyn Morrissey ◽  
Ivy Chung ◽  
Andrew Morse ◽  
Suhanya Parthasarath ◽  
Margaret M. Roebuck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
The Impact

This study assesses the impact of a decrease in air quality and the risk of hospital admissions to a public hospital for chronic respiratory diseases for residents of Petaling Jaya, a city in the Greater Kuala Lumpur area in Malaysia. Data on hospital admissions for asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, weather conditions and the Malaysian Air Pollution Index, a composite indicator of air quality, were collated. An unconstrained distributed lag model to obtain risk of hospitalization for a 10 μg/m3 increase in the API. The lag cumulative effect for a 10 μg/m3 increase in the API was calculated to test for harvesting in the short term. Findings indicate that after an initial decrease in admissions (days 3 and 4), admissions increased again at day 7 and 8 and this relationship was significant. We therefore conclude that a 10 μg/m3 increase has a greater effect on admissions for respiratory health in the short term than a harvesting effect alone would suggest. These results suggest that while air quality is improving in the Greater Kuala Lumpur area, no level of air pollution can be deemed safe.

Effect of Urban Pollutants on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves of Hardwood Trees and Shrubs in Urban Green Spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Sara Ghafari ◽  
Behzad Kaviani ◽  
Shahram Sedaghathoor ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Allahyari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trees And Shrubs

Trees and shrubs of green spaces can tolerate some physiological parameters. They can adapt to climatic conditions, hence, reduce air pollution and can be used as biological indicators in various researches. The present study aimed to explore the impact of urban air pollution on some parameters such as fresh, dry and turgor weight, amounts of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments, and electrolyte leakage of 18 ornamental tree and shrub species in marginal and downtown parks of Rasht, Iran. The results revealed significant differences in turgor weight, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll a/b ratio, but insignificant differences in electrolyte leakage between the marginal and downtown sites. The results indicated that all quantitative variables of the leaves differed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) among the species, except for fresh weight.

scholarly journals Quantifying the impact of air pollution on the urban population of Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. S529-S536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Marcilio ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Time Series Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Respiratory Causes

This study aimed to quantify air pollution impact on morbidity and mortality in the Brazilian urban population using locally generated impact factors. Concentration-response coefficients were used to estimate the number of hospitalizations and deaths attributable to air pollution in seven Brazilian cities. Poisson regression coefficients (beta) were obtained from time-series studies conducted in Brazil. The study included individuals 65 years old and over and children under five. More than 600 deaths a year from respiratory causes in the elderly and 47 in children were attributable to mean air pollution levels, corresponding to 4.9% and 5.5% of all deaths from respiratory causes in these age groups. More than 4,000 hospital admissions for respiratory conditions were also attributable to air pollution. These results quantitatively demonstrate the currently observed contribution of air pollution to mortality and hospitalizations in Brazilian cities. Such assessment is thought to help support the planning of surveillance and control activities for air pollution in these and similar areas.

scholarly journals The Impact of Stock Prices on Consumption and Interest Rate in Turkey: Evidence from a Time Varying Vector Autoregressive Model

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evrim Tören
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Stochastic Volatility ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to examine the spillovers from stock prices onto consumption and interest rate for Turkey by using a time-varying vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility. A three-variable time-varying vector autoregressive model is estimated to capture the time-varying nature of the macroeconomic dynamics in the Turkish economy between real consumption, nominal interest rate and real stock prices. In order to obtain the macroeconomic dynamics in a small open economy, the data covers the period 1987:Q1 until 2013:Q3 in Turkey. The sample data is gathered from the official website of Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey. Overall, this study provides the evidence of significant time-varying spillovers on consumption and interest rate coming from the stock market during financial crises and implications of monetary policy in Turkey. In addition, a time-varying vector autoregressive model with stochastic volatility offers remarkable results about the impact of price shock on consumption levels in Turkey.

The impact of hurricane strikes on cruise ship and airplane tourist arrivals in the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662110374
Author(s):  
Pablo Carballo Chanfón ◽  
Preeya Mohan ◽  
Eric Strobl ◽  
Thomas Tveit
Keyword(s):  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Model ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Exogenous Shock ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

We investigate the impact of hurricanes on airplane and cruise ship arrivals in the Caribbean. To this end, we construct a monthly panel of airline and cruise ship arrivals and hurricane destruction and employ a panel vector autoregressive model with an exogenous shock (VARX) to quantify the dynamic effects of tourist arrivals after a hurricane for 18 Caribbean countries over the period 2000–2013. The results suggest an immediate decline in the month of a strike and up to one month after on cruise ship (2.33 and 1.21 percentage points) and airplane (0.57 and 0.27 percentage points) arrivals. Moreover, a strong recovery in airplane arrivals in months 3–6 following a hurricane was sufficient to induce a net positive effect of around 2 percentage points of total tourist arrivals into the region.

scholarly journals The impact of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Filippini ◽  
Giuliano Masiero ◽  
Sandro Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Air Pollution on Scots Pine Stands Growing in Poland on the Basis of Dendrochronological Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Longina Chojnacka-Ożga ◽  
Wojciech Ożga
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Reference Plot ◽  
Dendrochronological Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Air pollution and climate change are two key factors comprising the global change threat to forest health and sustainability. The intensive development of industry in the second half of the 20th century brought significant changes in the level of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere in Poland. Dry and wet deposition of toxic pollutants (mainly SO2, NOx, and NH3), continuing over more than 40 years, has caused serious damage to forest stands. One of the ways for describing the effect of industrial emissions on forests is tree-rings (dendrochronological) analysis, which has been used in our research. We present a brief description of the studies on the impact of air pollution on the growth of forests growing in the most polluted areas of Poland. The main aim is to evaluate Scots pine stand degradation caused by the pollutants emitted from one of biggest polluters of the environment in Poland for over 25 years (1966–1990). We found that pollutant emission caused disturbances of incremental dynamics and long-term strong reduction of growth. Scots pine growing in the vicinity of the nitrogen fertilizer factory showed a dramatic growth reduction after the beginning of the pollution period. Significant decrease in growth was observed for the majority of investigated trees (75%) to the end of the 1990s. The zone of destruction extends primarily in easterly and southern directions, from the pollution source, associated with the prevailing winds of the region. At the end of the 1990s, the decreasing trend stopped and the wider tree-rings could be observed. This situation was related to a radical reduction in ammonia emissions and an improvement in environmental conditions. However, the growth of damaged trees due to the weakened health condition is lower than the growth of Scots pine on the reference plot and trees are more sensitive to stressful climatic conditions, especially to drought.

scholarly journals The Impact of Air Pollution on the Growth of Scots Pine Stands in Poland on the Basis of Dendrochronological Analyses

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Longina Chojnacka-Ożga ◽  
Wojciech Ożga
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Reference Plot ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The aim of this study was to evaluate Scots pine stand degradation caused by the pollutants emitted from Zakłądy Azotowe Puławy, one of the biggest polluters of the environment in Poland for over 25 years (1966–1990). To assess the pollution stress in trees, we chose the dendrochronological analysis We outlined three directions for our research: (i) the spatio-temporal distribution of the growth response of trees to the stress associated with air pollution; (ii) the direct and indirect effects of air pollution which may have influenced the growth response of trees; and (iii) the role of local factors, both environmental and technological, in shaping the growth response of trees. Eight Scots pine stands were selected for study, seven plots located in different damage zones and a reference plot in an undamaged stand. We found that pollutant emission caused disturbances of incremental dynamics and long-term strong reduction of growth. A significant decrease in growth was observed for the majority of investigated trees (75%) from 1966 (start of factory) to the end of the 1990s. The zone of destruction extended primarily in easterly and southern directions, from the pollution source, associated with the prevailing winds of the region. At the end of the 1990s, the decreasing trend stopped and the wider tree-rings could be observed. This situation was related to a radical reduction in ammonia emissions and an improvement in environmental conditions. However, the growth of damaged trees due to the weakened health condition is lower than the growth of Scots pine on the reference plot and trees are more sensitive to stressful climatic conditions, especially to drought.

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