scholarly journals Evaluation of the Apple iPhone 12 Pro LiDAR for an Application in Geosciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregor Luetzenburg ◽  
Aart Kroon ◽  
Anders A. Bjørk
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Absolute Accuracy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Coastal Cliff ◽  
High Resolution Models

AbstractTraditionally, topographic surveying in earth sciences requires high financial investments, elaborate logistics, complicated training of staff and extensive data processing. Recently, off-the-shelf drones with optical sensors already reduced the costs for obtaining a high-resolution dataset of an Earth surface considerably. Nevertheless, costs and complexity associated with topographic surveying are still high. In 2020, Apple Inc. released the iPad Pro 2020 and the iPhone 12 Pro with novel build-in LiDAR sensors. Here we investigate the basic technical capabilities of the LiDAR sensors and we test the application at a coastal cliff in Denmark. The results are compared to state-of-the-art Structure from Motion Multi-View Stereo (SfM MVS) point clouds. The LiDAR sensors create accurate high-resolution models of small objects with a side length > 10 cm with an absolute accuracy of ± 1 cm. 3D models with the dimensions of up to 130 × 15 × 10 m of a coastal cliff with an absolute accuracy of ± 10 cm are compiled. Overall, the versatility in handling outweighs the range limitations, making the Apple LiDAR devices cost-effective alternatives to established techniques in remote sensing with possible fields of application for a wide range of geo-scientific areas and teaching.

scholarly journals Tracking late Pleistocene Neandertals on the Iberian coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Mayoral ◽  
Ignacio Díaz-Martínez ◽  
Jéremy Duveau ◽  
Ana Santos ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Flooded Area

AbstractHere, we report the recent discovery of 87 Neandertal footprints on the Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Doñana shoreline, Spain) located on an upper Pleistocene aeolian littoral setting (about 106 ± 19 kyr). Morphometric comparisons, high resolution digital photogrammetric 3D models and detailed sedimentary analysis have been provided to characterized the footprints and the palaeoenvironment. The footprints were impressed in the shoreline of a hypersaline swamped area related to benthic microbial mats, close to the coastline. They have a rounded heel, a longitudinal arch, relatively short toes, and adducted hallux, and represent the oldest upper Pleistocene record of Neandertal footprints in the world. Among these 87 footprints, 31 are longitudinally complete and measure from 14 to 29 cm. The calculated statures range from 104 to 188 cm, with half of the data between 130 and 150 cm. The wide range of sizes of the footprints suggests the existence of a social group integrated by individuals of different age classes but dominated, however, by non-adult individuals. The footprints, which are outside the flooded area are oriented perpendicular to the shoreline. These 87 footprints reinforce the ecological scenario of Neandertal groups established in coastal areas.

scholarly journals Combined Use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and UAV Photogrammetry in Mapping Alpine Terrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Šašak ◽  
Michal Gallay ◽  
Ján Kaňuk ◽  
Jaroslav Hofierka ◽  
Jozef Minár
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Mutual Orientation ◽  
Close Range Photogrammetry ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Range

Airborne and terrestrial laser scanning and close-range photogrammetry are frequently used for very high-resolution mapping of land surface. These techniques require a good strategy of mapping to provide full visibility of all areas otherwise the resulting data will contain areas with no data (data shadows). Especially, deglaciated rugged alpine terrain with abundant large boulders, vertical rock faces and polished roche-moutones surfaces complicated by poor accessibility for terrestrial mapping are still a challenge. In this paper, we present a novel methodological approach based on a combined use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and close-range photogrammetry from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for generating a high-resolution point cloud and digital elevation model (DEM) of a complex alpine terrain. The approach is demonstrated using a small study area in the upper part of a deglaciated valley in the Tatry Mountains, Slovakia. The more accurate TLS point cloud was supplemented by the UAV point cloud in areas with insufficient TLS data coverage. The accuracy of the iterative closest point adjustment of the UAV and TLS point clouds was in the order of several centimeters but standard deviation of the mutual orientation of TLS scans was in the order of millimeters. The generated high-resolution DEM was compared to SRTM DEM, TanDEM-X and national DMR3 DEM products confirming an excellent applicability in a wide range of geomorphologic applications.

scholarly journals UAV SURVEY FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL MAP OF <i>LILYBAEUM</i> (MARSALA, ITALY)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ebolese ◽  
M. Lo Brutto ◽  
G. Dardanelli
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Archaeological Areas

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Collecting information and mapping are fundamental aspects of systematic archaeological excavation, documentation and interpretation. The process of recording physical evidence is the first step in the archaeological study with the goal to derive spatial and semantic information from the gathered and available data. Archaeological reports always include 2D maps, sections, data distribution and other spatial data. Indeed, the representation is inseparable from the archaeological practice, but this is undoubtedly a time-consuming activity. Nowadays, archaeologists can take advantages of various recording techniques to produce highly accurate 3D models and ortho-images of archaeological sites. Far from replacing the more traditional techniques, the development of new geomatics techniques tries to answer, in a more efficient way, to the needs of archaeological research. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has become more popular in archaeological excavations. In particular, UAV systems become a useful, versatile and cost-effective approach to record large archaeological areas in order to measure and completely document them. They are the fastest way to produce high-resolution 3D models of entire sites and allow archaeologists to collect accurate spatial data that can be used for spatial analyses using GIS platform. The paper presents the results of several UAV surveys of the archaeological remains of <i>Lilybaeum</i>, the ancient city of Marsala (Southern Italy), performed in the Archaeological Park of “Lilibeo”. The UAV acquisitions were planned and carried out to complete the previous traditional documentation of the site. Very detailed 3D models and high-resolution ortho-images, together with some new field campaigns, have been used for new analysis and documentation of the site and for the realization of the archaeological map of <i>Lilybaeum</i>.</p>

scholarly journals Visualizing Votive Practice: Exploring Limestone and Terracotta Sculpture from Athienou-Malloura through 3D Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek B. Counts ◽  
Erik Walcek Averett ◽  
Kevin Garstki ◽  
Michael K. Toumazou
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Open Access ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Data Publishing ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Archaeological Project ◽  
High Resolution Models ◽  
Visualization Techniques

Visualizing Votive Practice is an innovative, open-access, digital monograph that explores the limestone and terracotta sculptures excavated from a rural sanctuary at the site of Athienou-Malloura (Cyprus) by the Athienou Archaeological Project. Chapters on the archaeology of the site, the historiography of Cypriot sculpture, and perspectives on archaeological visualization provide context for the catalogue of 50 representative examples of votive sculpture from the sanctuary. The catalogue not only includes formal and contextual information for each object, but also embeds 3D models directly onto the page. Readers can not only view, but also manipulate, measure, zoom, and rotate each model. Additionally, links at the bottom of each entry unleash high-resolution models with accompanying metadata on the Open Context archaeological data publishing platform and on via the Sketchfab 3D viewing platform as well. This innovative monograph is aimed at a variety of audiences, from Mediterranean archaeologists and students to specialists interested in 3D visualization techniques.

scholarly journals THERMAL 3D MODELS ENHANCEMENT BASED ON INTEGRATION WITH VISIBLE IMAGERY

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W18 ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
F. Dadras Javan ◽  
M. Savadkouhi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Thermal Modelling ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
Geometric Quality ◽  
Imaging Sensors ◽  
Visible Imagery

Abstract. In the last few years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are being frequently used to acquire high resolution photogrammetric images and consequently producing Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and orthophotos in a photogrammetric procedure for topography and surface processing applications. Thermal imaging sensors are mostly used for interpretation and monitoring purposes because of lower geometric resolution. But yet, thermal mapping is getting more important in civil applications, as thermal sensors can be used in condition that visible sensors cannot, such as foggy weather and night times which is not possible for visible cameras. But, low geometric quality and resolution of thermal images is a main drawback that 3D thermal modelling are encountered with. This study aims to offer a solution for to fixing mentioned problem and generating a thermal 3D model with higher spatial resolution based on thermal and visible point clouds integration. This integration leads to generate a more accurate thermal point cloud and DEM with more density and resolution which is appropriate for 3D thermal modelling. The main steps of this study are: generating thermal and RGB point clouds separately, registration of them in two course and fine level and finally adding thermal information to RGB high resolution point cloud by interpolation concept. Experimental results are presented in a mesh that has more faces (With a factor of 23) which leads to a higher resolution textured mesh with thermal information.

Using Computational Modeling Derived From Micro CT Scanning for the Post-Implant Analyses of Various Cardiac Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Valenzuela ◽  
Jorge Zhingre Sanchez ◽  
Mikayle Holm ◽  
Tinen Iles ◽  
Paul Iaizzo
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Cardiac Devices ◽  
High Resolution Models ◽  
Implanted Devices

Abstract There are few medical devices currently utilized that have not had, at the very least, a second iteration. Medical device companies continually strive to improve their product to make it the best on the market. Medical devices are often optimized by defining the size of the device, making it more efficient and/or improving the device to tissue interface. Using the capabilities of the Visible Heart® Laboratories various cardiac devices can be implanted in reanimated swine and human hearts for the assessment of the various aforementioned parameters. After the implantation of these devices and assessment in functional anatomies, specimens were perfusion-fixed and then a micro-CT scanner was utilized to take high-resolution scans of the resultant device and tissue interfaces. These scans are used to generate high-resolution (∼20 microns) 3D models of the numerous implanted devices, measurement analyses, device simulations, and the creation of virtual reality scenes. All can then be used for detailed visual analyses. These abilities to render high-resolution models will allow medical device designers to closely evaluate their designs, in order to optimize their next iterations.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment of Photogrammetric Methods—A Workflow for Reproducible UAS Orthomosaics

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3831
Author(s):  
Marvin Ludwig ◽  
Christian M. Runge ◽  
Nicolas Friess ◽  
Tiziana L. Koch ◽  
Sebastian Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Sensors ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Aerial Systems

Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are cost-effective, flexible and offer a wide range of applications. If equipped with optical sensors, orthophotos with very high spatial resolution can be retrieved using photogrammetric processing. The use of these images in multi-temporal analysis and the combination with spatial data imposes high demands on their spatial accuracy. This georeferencing accuracy of UAS orthomosaics is generally expressed as the checkpoint error. However, the checkpoint error alone gives no information about the reproducibility of the photogrammetrical compilation of orthomosaics. This study optimizes the geolocation of UAS orthomosaics time series and evaluates their reproducibility. A correlation analysis of repeatedly computed orthomosaics with identical parameters revealed a reproducibility of 99% in a grassland and 75% in a forest area. Between time steps, the corresponding positional errors of digitized objects lie between 0.07 m in the grassland and 0.3 m in the forest canopy. The novel methods were integrated into a processing workflow to enhance the traceability and increase the quality of UAS remote sensing.

scholarly journals A Comparison between Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes in Observations and Climate Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 6383-6405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin A. Geller ◽  
M. Joan Alexander ◽  
Peter T. Love ◽  
Julio Bacmeister ◽  
Manfred Ern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Gravity Wave ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Wave Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Momentum Fluxes ◽  
High Resolution Models ◽  
Wave Momentum

Abstract For the first time, a formal comparison is made between gravity wave momentum fluxes in models and those derived from observations. Although gravity waves occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, the focus of this paper is on scales that are being parameterized in present climate models, sub-1000-km scales. Only observational methods that permit derivation of gravity wave momentum fluxes over large geographical areas are discussed, and these are from satellite temperature measurements, constant-density long-duration balloons, and high-vertical-resolution radiosonde data. The models discussed include two high-resolution models in which gravity waves are explicitly modeled, Kanto and the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), and three climate models containing gravity wave parameterizations, MAECHAM5, Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model 3 (HadGEM3), and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) model. Measurements generally show similar flux magnitudes as in models, except that the fluxes derived from satellite measurements fall off more rapidly with height. This is likely due to limitations on the observable range of wavelengths, although other factors may contribute. When one accounts for this more rapid fall off, the geographical distribution of the fluxes from observations and models compare reasonably well, except for certain features that depend on the specification of the nonorographic gravity wave source functions in the climate models. For instance, both the observed fluxes and those in the high-resolution models are very small at summer high latitudes, but this is not the case for some of the climate models. This comparison between gravity wave fluxes from climate models, high-resolution models, and fluxes derived from observations indicates that such efforts offer a promising path toward improving specifications of gravity wave sources in climate models.

scholarly journals MULTISCALE DOCUMENTATION AND MONITORING OF L’AQUILA HISTORICAL CENTRE USING UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W1 ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dominici ◽  
M. Alicandro ◽  
E. Rosciano ◽  
V. Massimi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Science ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Short Time

Nowadays geomatic techniques can guarantee not only a precise and accurate survey for the documentation of our historical heritage but also a solution to monitor its behaviour over time after, for example, a catastrophic event (earthquakes, landslides, ecc). Europe is trying to move towards harmonized actions to store information on cultural heritage (MIBAC with the ICCS forms, English heritage with the MIDAS scheme, etc) but it would be important to provide standardized methods in order to perform measuring operations to collect certified metric data. The final result could be a database to support the entire management of the cultural heritage and also a checklist of “what to do” and “when to do it”. The wide range of geomatic techniques provides many solutions to acquire, to organize and to manage data at a multiscale level: high resolution satellite images can provide information in a short time during the “early emergency” while UAV photogrammetry and laser scanning can provide digital high resolution 3D models of buildings, ortophotos of roofs and facades and so on. This paper presents some multiscale survey case studies using UAV photogrammetry: from a minor historical village (Aielli) to the centre of L’Aquila (Santa Maria di Collemaggio Church) from the post-emergency to now. This choice has been taken not only to present how geomatics is an effective science for modelling but also to present a complete and reliable way to perform conservation and/or restoration through precise monitoring techniques, as shown in the third case study.

scholarly journals SHARING HIGH-RESOLUTION MODELS AND INFORMATION ON WEB: THE WEB MODULE OF BIM3DSG SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B5 ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rechichi ◽  
A. Mandelli ◽  
C. Achille ◽  
F. Fassi
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
3D Models ◽  
High Resolution Models ◽  
The Web

BIM3DSG system is described here. It is an ad hoc designed BIM system created for Cultural Heritage applications. It proposes some solutions to solve some issues related to the use of BIM in this field. First, it tries to resolve the problem of managing huge, complex, high resolution and heterogeneous 3D models, and then it offers a practical, easy and efficient solution for a wide sharing of data and information.

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