scholarly journals Oral vaccination of piglets against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae using silica SBA-15 as an adjuvant effectively reduced consolidation lung lesions at slaughter

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina L. Mechler-Dreibi ◽  
Henrique M. S. Almeida ◽  
Karina Sonalio ◽  
Mariela A. C. Martines ◽  
Fernando A. M. Petri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Commercial Vaccine ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Fluid ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Histopathology Examination ◽  
Lower Expression

AbstractMycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae is the main pathogen of porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP). Its controlling is challenging, and requires alternative strategies. This study aimed to develop an oral vaccine against M. hyopneumoniae using a nanostructured mesoporous silica (SBA-15) as an adjuvant, and compare its effect with an intramuscular (IM) commercial vaccine (CV). Fifty 24 day-old M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets composed five equal groups for different immunization protocols, consisting of a CV and/or oral immunization (OI). Control piglets did not receive any form of immunization. All piglets were challenged with M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 on D49 by tracheal route. IgA antibody response in the respiratory tract, bacterial shedding and serum IgG were evaluated. The piglets were euthanized on 28 (D77) and 56 (D105) days post-infection. Lung lesions were macroscopically evaluated; lung fragments and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) were collected for estimation of bacterial loads by qPCR and/or histopathology examination. All immunization protocols induced reduction on Mycoplasma-like macroscopic lung lesions. IgA Ab responses anti-M. hyopneumoniae, the expression of IL-4 cytokine and a lower expression of IL-8 were induced by CV and OI vaccines, while IgG was induced only by CV. Oral immunization using silica as a carrier-adjuvant can be viable in controlling M. hyopneumoniae infection.

scholarly journals Oral Vaccination of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with Baculovirus-Expressed Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Proteins Induces Protective Immunity against GCRV Infection

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Changyong Mu ◽  
Qiwang Zhong ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Yong Zhou ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Grass Carp Reovirus ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

The grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes severe hemorrhagic disease with high mortality and leads to serious economic losses in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) industry in China. Oral vaccine has been proven to be an effective method to provide protection against fish viruses. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus BmNPV-VP35-VP4 was generated to express VP35 and VP4 proteins from GCRV type Ⅱ via Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system. The expression of recombinant VP35-VP4 protein (rVP35-VP4) in Bombyx mori embryo cells (BmE) and silkworm pupae was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) after infection with BmNPV-VP35-VP4. To vaccinate the grass carp by oral route, the silkworm pupae expressing the rVP35-VP4 proteins were converted into a powder after freeze-drying, added to artificial feed at 5% and fed to grass carp (18 ± 1.5 g) for six weeks, and the immune response and protective efficacy in grass carp after oral vaccination trial was thoroughly investigated. This included blood cell counting and classification, serum antibody titer detection, immune-related gene expression and the relative percent survival rate in immunized grass carp. The results of blood cell counts show that the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of immunized grass carp increased significantly from 14 to 28 days post-immunization (dpi). The differential leukocyte count of neutrophils and monocytes were significantly higher than those in the control group at 14 dpi. Additionally, the number of lymphocytes increased significantly and reached a peak at 28 dpi. The serum antibody levels were significantly increased at Day 14 and continued until 42 days post-vaccination. The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes (IFN-1, TLR22, IL-1β, MHC I, Mx and IgM) were significantly upregulated in liver, spleen, kidney and hindgut after immunization. Four weeks post-immunization, fish were challenged with virulent GCRV by intraperitoneal injection. The results of this challenge study show that orally immunized group exhibited a survival rate of 60% and relative percent survival (RPS) of 56%, whereas the control group had a survival rate of 13% and RPS of 4%. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the silkworm pupae powder containing baculovirus-expressed VP35-VP4 proteins could induce both non-specific and specific immune responses and protect grass carp against GCRV infection, suggesting it could be used as an oral vaccine.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae clinical signs and gross lung lesions, including monitoring.

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
John Carr ◽  
Marina Sibila ◽  
Joaquim Segalés
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Lung Lesions

Abstract The clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnosis and pathological features of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in pigs are described.

scholarly journals EDIBLE VACCINES: AN ADVANCEMENT IN ORAL IMMUNIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Srinivas Rajesham Bhairy ◽  
Rajashree Shreeram Hirlekar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Edible Vaccines ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Antigenic Protein ◽  
Action Methods

Vaccines represent a useful contribution to the field of biotechnology as they supply protection against various diseases. But, the major obstacle to oral vaccination is the digestion of macromolecule antigenic protein within the stomach due to extremely acidic pH. To address this issue, scientist Arntzen introduced the concept of edible vaccines. Edible vaccines are prepared by using the science of genetic engineering in which the selected genes are introduced into the plants by means of various methods. The transgenic plant is then induced to manufacture the encoded protein which acts as a vaccine. Owing to its low cost, it will be affordable for developing countries like India. Edible vaccines are used to treat various diseases like malaria, measles, hepatitis B, stopping autoimmunity in type-1 diabetes, cholera, enterotoxicogenic E.coli (ETEC), HIV and anthrax. This review comprises mechanism of action, methods of development, candidate plants, applications, clinical trials and patents of edible vaccines.Keywords: Edible vaccines, Antigens, Oral immunization, Immunity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of three innovative bacterin vaccines against experimental infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneleen Marguerite Filip Matthijs ◽  
Gaël Auray ◽  
Filip Boyen ◽  
Alexandra Schoos ◽  
Annelies Michiels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cationic Liposome ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Liposome Formulation ◽  
Efficacy Parameters

Abstract New vaccine formulations that include novel strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and innovative adjuvants designed to induce cellular immunity could improve vaccine efficacy against this pathogen. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the efficacy of three experimental bacterin formulations based on M. hyopneumoniae field strain F7.2C which were able to induce cellular immunity. The formulations included a cationic liposome formulation with the Mincle receptor ligand trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (Lipo_DDA:TDB), a squalene-in-water emulsion with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands targeting TLR1/2, TLR7/8 and TLR9 (SWE_TLR), and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro-particle formulation with the same TLR ligands (PLGA_TLR). Four groups of 12 M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were primo- (day (D) 0; 39 days of age) and booster vaccinated (D14) intramuscularly with either one of the three experimental bacterin formulations or PBS. The pigs were endotracheally inoculated with a highly and low virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain on D28 and D29, respectively, and euthanized on D56. The main efficacy parameters were: respiratory disease score (RDS; daily), macroscopic lung lesion score (D56) and log copies M. hyopneumoniae DNA determined with qPCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (D42, D56). All formulations were able to reduce clinical symptoms, lung lesions and the M. hyopneumoniae DNA load in the lung, with formulation SWE_TLR being the most effective (RDSD28–D56 −61.90%, macroscopic lung lesions −88.38%, M. hyopneumoniae DNA load in BAL fluid (D42) −67.28%). Further experiments raised under field conditions are needed to confirm these results and to assess the effect of the vaccines on performance parameters.

scholarly journals Oral Biologic Delivery: Advances Toward Oral Subunit, DNA, and mRNA Vaccines and the Potential for Mass Vaccination During Pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 517-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob William Coffey ◽  
Gaurav Das Gaiha ◽  
Giovanni Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Oral Vaccines ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Oral vaccination enables pain-free and self-administrable vaccine delivery for rapid mass vaccination during pandemic outbreaks. Furthermore, it elicits systemic and mucosal immune responses. This protects against infection at mucosal surfaces, which may further enhance protection and minimize the spread of disease. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract presents a number of prospective mucosal inductive sites for vaccine targeting, including the oral cavity, stomach, and small intestine. However, currently available oral vaccines are effectively limited to live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines against enteric diseases. The GI tract poses a number of challenges,including degradative processes that digest biologics and mucosal barriers that limit their absorption. This review summarizes the approaches currently under development and future opportunities for oral vaccine delivery to established (intestinal) and relatively new (oral cavity, stomach) mucosal targets. Special consideration is given to recent advances in oral biologic delivery that offer promise as future platforms for the administration of oral vaccines.

Peptide nanofiber–CaCO3 composite microparticles as adjuvant-free oral vaccine delivery vehicles

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1640-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Snook ◽  
Charles B. Chesson ◽  
Alex G. Peniche ◽  
Sara M. Dann ◽  
Adriana Paulucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Delivery ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Gi Infections ◽  
Mucosal Pathogens

To combat mucosal pathogens that cause gastrointestinal (GI) infections, local mucosal immunity is required which is best achieved through oral vaccination.

scholarly journals Impact of diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains on lung lesions in slaughter pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies Michiels ◽  
Katleen Vranckx ◽  
Sofie Piepers ◽  
Rubén Del Pozo Sacristán ◽  
Ioannis Arsenakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Slaughter Pigs

Antigen Delivery to Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues Using Liposomes as a Carrier

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Marian R. Neutra
Keyword(s):  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Mucosal Immunization ◽  
Oral Vaccines ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Particulate Form ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Antigen Carrier

Oral vaccination requires an antigen delivery vehicle to protect the antigen and to enhance translocation of the antigen to the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. A variety of antigen delivery vehicles including liposomes have been studied for mucosal immunization. The advantages of liposome formulations are their particulate form and the ability to accommodate immunomodulators and targeting molecules in the same package. Many conventional liposomes are variably unstable in acids, pancreatic juice and bile. Nevertheless, carefully designed liposomes have demonstrated an impressive efficacy in inducing mucosal IgA responses, compared to free antigens and other delivery vehicles. However, liposomes as an oral vaccine vehicle are not yet optimized. To design liposomes that are stable in the harsh intestinal environment and are efficiently taken up by the M cells remains a challenge. This review summarizes recent research efforts using liposomes as an antigen carrier for oral vaccines with practical attention to liposome designs and interaction with the M cells.

scholarly journals Oral Immunization with Escherichia coli Expressing a Lipidated Form of LigA Protects Hamsters against Challenge with Leptospira interrogans Serovar Copenhageni

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel Lourdault ◽  
Long-Chieh Wang ◽  
Ana Vieira ◽  
James Matsunaga ◽  
Rita Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Humoral Immune

ABSTRACTLeptospirosis is a potentially fatal zoonosis transmitted by reservoir host animals that harbor leptospires in their renal tubules and shed the bacteria in their urine.Leptospira interrogansserovar Copenhageni transmitted fromRattus norvegicusto humans is the most prevalent cause of urban leptospirosis. We examinedL. interrogansLigA, domains 7 to 13 (LigA7-13), as an oral vaccine delivered byEscherichia colias a lipidated, membrane-associated protein. The efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated in a susceptible hamster model in terms of the humoral immune response and survival from leptospiral challenge. Four weeks of oral administration of liveE. coliexpressing LigA7-13 improved survival from intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intradermal (i.d.) challenge byL. interrogansserovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130 in Golden Syrian hamsters. Immunization withE. coliexpressing LigA7-13 resulted in a systemic antibody response, and a significant LigA7-13 IgG level after the first 2 weeks of immunization was completely predictive of survival 28 days after challenge. As in previous LigA vaccine studies, all immunized hamsters that survived infection had renal leptospiral colonization and histopathological changes. In summary, an oral LigA-based vaccine improved survival from leptospiral challenge by either the i.p. or i.d. route.

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