Antioxidant status in relation to heavy metals induced oxidative stress in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a global health concern for women of reproductive age, as 6.5% of women worldwide are affected by this syndrome. PCOS is marked by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, menstrual abnormalities, and polycystic ovaries. Metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury are considered to be systemic toxicants/human carcinogens and seem to have devastating effects on humans, even at minimal exposures. One of the probable aetiological factors for PCOS has been identified as oxidative stress. In view of the probable associations among oxidative stress, metal toxicity and PCOS, the present study examined the role of heavy metals in the generation of oxidative stress among females. This prospective study included 106 women (56 women diagnosed with PCOS and 50 women who were not diagnosed with PCOS as control women). There were no significant differences in the sociodemographic characteristics between the two groups except for the irregularity of menses and the presence of acne. The serum As, Cd, Pb, and Hg levels increased and the serum glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels diminished significantly in the PCOS group compared to the control group at P < 0.001. The SOD levels were negatively correlated with the As and Pb levels at P < 0.05. Additionally, the PCOS group exhibited a strong negative correlation between the GSH and As levels (P < 0.01), GSH and Pb levels (P < 0.05) and GSH and Hg levels (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the As levels were positively correlated with increased levels of Cd, Pb and Hg among PCOS women. Significant positive correlations were observed between Pb and Cd and between Cd and Hg at P < 0.001. The outcome of the study provides clear insight into the role of metal-induced oxidative stress, which plays a vital role in the pathophysiology underlying PCOS and suggests the use of these markers as prognostic tools to reduce the consequences of high-risk exposure to these metals among females.

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Age-specific cut-off levels of anti-Müllerian hormone can be used as diagnostic markers for polycystic ovary syndrome

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology ◽

10.1186/s12958-021-00755-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽

Maryam Rahmati ◽

Fatemeh Mahboobifard ◽

Faezeh Firouzi ◽

Nazanin Hashemi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bayesian Method ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Characteristic Curve ◽

Generalized Additive Models ◽

Additive Models ◽

Control Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Pcos Group

Abstract Background The majority of available studies on the AMH thresholds were not age-specific and performed the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, based on variations in sensitivity and specificity rather than positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively), which are more clinically applicable. Moreover, all of these studies used a pre-specified age categorization to report the age-specific cut-off values of AMH. Methods A total of 803 women, including 303 PCOS patients and 500 eumenorrheic non-hirsute control women, were enrolled in the present study. The PCOS group included PCOS women, aged 20–40 years, who were referred to the Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. The Rotterdam consensus criteria were used for diagnosis of PCOS. The control group was selected among women, aged 20–40 years, who participated in Tehran Lipid and Glucose cohort Study (TLGS). Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to identify the optimal cut-off points for various age categories. The cut-off levels of AMH in different age categories were estimated, using the Bayesian method. Main results and the role of chance Two optimal cut-off levels of AMH (ng/ml) were identified at the age of 27 and 35 years, based on GAMs. The cut-off levels for the prediction of PCOS in the age categories of 20–27, 27–35, and 35–40 years were 5.7 (95 % CI: 5.48–6.19), 4.55 (95 % CI: 4.52–4.64), and 3.72 (95 % CI: 3.55–3.80), respectively. Based on the Bayesian method, the PPV and NPV of these cut-off levels were as follows: PPV = 0.98 (95 % CI: 0.96–0.99) and NPV = 0.40 (95 % CI: 0.30–0.51) for the age group of 20–27 years; PPV = 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.91–0.99) and NPV = 0.82 (95 % CI: 0.78–0.86) for the age group of 27–35 years; and PPV = 0.86 (95 % CI: 0.80–0.94) and NPV = 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.93–0.98) for the age group of 35–40 years. Conclusions Application of age-specific cut-off levels of AMH, according to the GAMs and Bayesian method, could elegantly assess the value of AMH in discriminating PCOS patients in all age categories.

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Evaluation the Role of Ghrelin and Leptin as Biochemical Marker in Female with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871523020666210422132618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmod Khalil Ibrahim ◽

Amina Hamed Ahmed Alobaidi

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Biochemical Marker ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Serum Ghrelin

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. PCOS is a heterogeneous complex disorder of unwell defined aetiology. Some studies report its association to various endocrine, metabolic and immunological abnormalities. The hunger hormones ghrelin and leptin affect the pathogenesis of PCOS and might lead to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in obese women. Aim: The study aims at evaluating the role of ghrelin and leptin level in female with poly cystic ovary syndrome as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis and monitoring progression. Subjects and Methods: The study including one hundred PCOS patients and fifty apparently healthy subjects with regular menstrual cycle, visiting gynecology outpatient clinic of Kalar General Hospital, from the beginning of February 2015 to the end of June 2015. Body mass index (BMI) along with serum ghrelin, leptin, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were measured for both groups. Serum leptin was determined using sandwich ELISA, while serum ghrelin was determined using competitive ELISA. Differences between patient and control groups were tested by using t-test. Also one way Anova was used to test the relation among different groups. Results: There was a significant decrease in ghrelin level and increase in leptin levels in women with PCOS when compared with control group. Also there was a significant elevation in serum level of LH ,Testosterone , Prolactin and decrease in serum FSH in PCOS patients when compared to control group. Additionally, serum ghrelin decreased and serum leptin level increased significantly in women with PCOS compared to controls in all age and BMI groups. Conclusion: The significant decrease in ghrelin and increased in leptin in PCOS patients than in controls indicated that they are at high risk for metabolic syndrome development.

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Analysis of the informativeness of melatonin evaluation in polycystic ovary syndrome

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet2016415-20 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 15-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elena Andreeva ◽

Yulia Absatarova ◽

Ekaterina Sheremetyeva ◽

Dmitriy Derkatch ◽

Tatiana Ponomareva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Sleep Disorders ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

Pcos Group

Background. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Recently, the role of melatonin in the pathogenesis of this syndrome became widely discussed among the scientists, because there is an evidence of its impact on the reproductive function and maturation of oocytes.Aim. To study a informativeness of melatonin determination and its relationship with sleep disorders in PCOS.Materials and methods. The study involved 120 women aged 17–35 years: 60 patients with PCOS and 60 women without this disorder as controls. The level of melatonin in the blood, saliva and its metabolite in urine – 6 sulfatoximelatonin were analyzed. To identify sleep disorders survey was conducted using a questionnaire scoring subjective sleep characteristics.Results. Sleep disorders based on subjective scoring profiles sleep characteristics were identified in PCOS group (up to 70% of patients) regardless of BMI. The level of 6-sulfatoximelatonin in urine, nocturnal melatonin levels in saliva (at 3:00 AM) and melatonin in the blood were significantly higher in patients with PCOS compared with the control group regardless of BMI. The level of melatonin in follicular fluid was lower in patients with PCOS. There was a significant correlation of melatonin levels in the blood and the degree of sleep disorders according to the questionnaire scoring subjective sleep characteristics, the level of melatonin in saliva at 3:00 AM and a 6-sulfatoximelatonin in daily urine (p = 0.046).Conclusions. PCOS is polyetiology disease, and an important role in the formation and progression in which plays melatonin. Correlation of levels of this hormone in different body fluids suggests its systemic action and direct involvement in the regulation of reproductive function.

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Association Between Systemic and Local Oxidative Stress of Infertile Women Undergoing Ivf/Icsi

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2019.60.9.1 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1888-1897

Author(s):

Qais Ahmed Mahdi ◽

Shatha Abdul Wadood ◽

Rusul H Hamza

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

In Vitro Fertilization ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Stress Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Infertile Women ◽

Pcos Group ◽

Gst Activity

Oxidative stress (OS) may affect in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). The aim of this study is to explore the possible relationships between OS parameters in serum and follicular fluid (FF) from infertile women with male cause infertility (n=40), women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (n=40), and women with unexplained infertility (UI)(n=45) undergoing IVF/ICSI. The collection of blood and FF samples was done at the day of oocyte aspiration. Total peroxide (TPX) level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were measured in serum and FF; whereas, glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in FF. Also, oxidative stress index (OSI) that is the percentage ratio of TPX to TAC, was calculated. In the control group, correlation analysis reveals the presence of a significant positive association between FF OSI with serum OSI, FF TPX with FF OSI, and serum TPX with FF GST activity. In the PCOS group, there was a significant negative association between: FF TPX and serum TAC level. However, non-significant relationship was found between serum and FF OS status parameters in the UI group. Itâ€™s concluded from the present study that systemic OS may give valuable information about local OS occurrence (blood OS reflects FF OS) only in control group and PCOS group. Such information could be useful for a better understanding of the pathological OS mechanisms involved in IVF failure for patients with different causes of infertility.

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Comparison of Dietary Intake between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women and Controls

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n9p302 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 302 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Farnaz Shishehgar ◽

Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

Sepideh Hajian ◽

Ahmad Reza Baghestani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Food Items ◽

Pcos Group

Polycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complicated endocrinopathy affecting women in reproductive age. The crucial role of obesity and insulin resistance in progression of metabolic and cardiovascular features of PCOS has been confirmed. Although it has been suggested that there is a possible association between dietary pattern and risk of PCOS, few studies investigating the diet composition of PCOS women. The aim of this study was to compare the dietary intakes between women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and eumenorrheic non hirsute women. This was a case control study of 142 women with PCOS and 140 eumenorrheic non hirsute healthy age and BMI matched controls. We compared the dietary intakes of our study group using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), using T-test or Mann-Whitney to compare the means of two groups. One way Anova was used to compare the tertiles of GI and GL in each group and a two way ANOVA was used to compare between tertiles of GI-GL and groups. The results demonstrated that energy and macronutrient intakes in PCOS women compared to controls were similar. PCOS group consumed more food items with high glycemic index (p=0.042) and less legumes (P=0.026) and vegetables (p=0.037) than controls. Both groups in the highest tertile of glycemic load (GL) had higher body mass index and waist circumference. Considering the results of this study, it was concluded that PCOS women had a dietary pattern that was characterized by a higher consumption of high GI food items and lower legumes and vegetables.

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Thyroid dysfunction in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a comparative study

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191947 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1943

Author(s):

Kshama V. Kedar ◽

Monali M. Rewatkar ◽

Monika D. Akare

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Normal Population ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Overt Hypothyroidism ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Medical College ◽

Pcos Group ◽

Group 2

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in reproductive age women. Some of the PCOS women show presence of hypothyroidism.Methods: This study was conducted at tertiary care centre Indira Gandhi Government Medical College and Hospital (IGGMC), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. The study group had 50 diagnosed patients of PCOS and 50 age matched normal regular menstruating women were taken as controls.Results: In this study, PCOS patients showed higher mean TSH level than control group (4.024±1.09 and 2.84±0.83 respectively). And more women were diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism in the PCOS group (6%) than in the control group (2%).Conclusions: The findings of the study showed that PCOS is associated with hypothyroidism as compared to normal population.

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A Properly Balanced Reduction Diet and/or Supplementation Solve the Problem with the Deficiency of These Vitamins Soluble in Water in Patients with PCOS

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 746

Author(s):

Małgorzata Szczuko ◽

Iwona Szydłowska ◽

Jolanta Nawrocka-Rutkowska

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Before And After ◽

Pcos Group ◽

Biochemical Analyses

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an increasingly common problem for women in the reproductive age throughout the entire world. A reduction diet with a low glycaemic index (GI) has proved to support the treatment of PCOS. The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of the diet on the level of vitamins soluble in water. The study included 55 women, 40 of which suffered from PCOS (identified by means of the Rotterdam Criteria) and 15 healthy women of the Caucasian race. The level of vitamins before and after the dietary intervention was measured. The diet was a reduction diet with a reduced glycaemic index (GI). Biochemical analyses were made on the basis of liquid chromatography—Infinity 1260 Binary liquid chromatography (LC) Agilent Technology. The level of vitamins in the serum was analysed together with the consumption before and after the dietary intervention. A higher level of vitamin C in the plasma was observed before and after the dietary intervention in the PCOS group in comparison to the control group despite the lower intake of this vitamin in the PCOS group. The remaining vitamins were at a comparable or lower level (B1, B3, B5, B6 and B12). After the dietary intervention, only B1 and B9 were at a clearly lower level (a trend of p = 0.093 and p = 0.085). A properly balanced reduction diet with reduced GI improves the supply of vitamins in women with PCOS. An additional recommendation should be the additional supplementation of B1, niacinamide and the combination of folates with inositol. The level of vitamin C in the plasma may not be a good marker of its supply in the PCOS group.

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The Effect of Glutamine on Dehydroepiandrosterone-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats

10.21203/rs.2.23690/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gengxiang Wu ◽

Xue Hu ◽

Jinli Ding ◽

Jing Yang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Pcos Group ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that chronic inflammation and oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and glutamine (Gln) showed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. So the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of glutamine supplementation on PCOS rats. Methods Female Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 10 /group), control group, PCOS group, PCOS+0.5g/kg Gln group, PCOS+0.75g/kg Gln group and PCOS+1.0g/kg Gln group. All the PCOS rats were administrated with 6 mg/100 g dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 20 consecutive days, all the PCOS+Gln groups were intraperitoneal injected Gln twice in the next morning after the last DHEA injection. All the samples were collected 12 hours after the last administration. Ovarian histological examinations were analyzed and the concentration of serum hormone, inflammatory and oxidative stress factors were measured. Results There was no obvious ovarian histological change among the PCOS group and PCOS+Gln groups. All the detected inflammation factors (IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α and CRP) showed significantly higher in all the PCOS groups compared to the control group (P<0.01), and were significantly decreased with the low supplementation of glutamine (P<0.01, include 0.5g/kg group and 0.75g/kg group).Concentrations of SOD were significantly lower in all the PCOS groups (P<0.01) compared to the control group, and increased significantly with the low supplementation of glutamine (P<0.01, include 0.5g/kg group and 0.75g/kg group). Serum concentrations of MDA, NO and NOS were significantly higher in PCOS group (P<0.01) compared with the control group, and significantly decreased to the comparative levels of control group with the low supplementation of glutamine (P<0.01, include 0.5g/kg group and 0.75g/kg group). Conclusion There is low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in DHEA-induced PCOS rats. The supplementation of glutamine with doses of 0.5g/kg and 0.75g/kg could effectively ameliorate the inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions of PCOS.

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The Abnormal Expression of HSP70 Is Related to Treg / Th17 Imbalance in PCOS Patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-502127/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yiqing Yang ◽

Jing Xia ◽

Zhe Yang ◽

Gengxiang Wu ◽

Jing Yang

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Abnormal Expression ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcos Group

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease with chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammation. The imbalance of immune cells exists in PCOS. Several studies have found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PCOS, but the relationship between HSP70 and Regulatory T cell (Treg)/ T helper cell 17(Th17) ratio remains unclear. This study aims to explore the correlation between HSP70 and Treg/Th17 ratio, and to find out the role of HSP70 in the immunological etiology of PCOS.Results: There was no significant difference in age and body mass index (BMI) between two groups. The concentrations of basal estradiol (E2), basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) didn’t show significant difference between two groups. The concentrations of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (P < 0.05), testosterone (T) (P < 0.01), glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.001) in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in control group. The expressions of HSP70 were significantly higher in serum in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). The percentage of Treg cells was significantly lower (P < 0.05), while the percentage of the Th17 cells of the PCOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of Treg/Th17 in PCOS group was significantly lower (P < 0.001). The concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and IL-23 were significantly higher, while the levels of IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were significantly lower in PCOS group (P < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed strong negative correlation of serum HSP70 levels with Treg/Th17 ratio, IL-10 and TGF-β levels. In contrast, HSP70 levels were significantly positively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, LH, T, insulin, and glucose levels.Conclusion: The abnormal expression of HSP70 is correlated with Treg/Th17 imbalance and corresponding cytokines, which indicates that HSP70 may play an important role in PCOS immunologic pathogenesis.

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The abnormal level of HSP70 is related to Treg/Th17 imbalance in PCOS patients

Journal of Ovarian Research ◽

10.1186/s13048-021-00867-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yiqing Yang ◽

Jing Xia ◽

Zhe Yang ◽

Gengxiang Wu ◽

Jing Yang

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Rank Correlation ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Grade ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pcos Group ◽

Abnormal Level

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease with chronic nonspecific low-grade inflammation. The imbalance of immune cells exists in PCOS. Several studies have found that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) may be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of PCOS, but the relationship between HSP70 and Regulatory T cell (Treg)/T helper cell 17(Th17) ratio remains unclear. This study aims to explore the correlation between HSP70 and Treg/Th17 ratio and to provide evidence for the role of HSP70 in the immunological etiology of PCOS. Results There was no significant difference in age and body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. The concentrations of basal estradiol (E2), basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The concentrations of basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (P < 0.01), testosterone (T) (P < 0.01), glucose (P < 0.001) and insulin (P < 0.001) in PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in the control group. The protein levels of HSP70 were significantly higher in serum in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). The percentage of Treg cells was significantly lower (P < 0.01), while the percentage of the Th17 cells of the PCOS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of Treg/Th17 in the PCOS group was significantly lower (P < 0.001). The concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and IL-23 were significantly higher, while the levels of IL-10 and Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were significantly lower in the PCOS group (P < 0.001). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a strong negative correlation of serum HSP70 levels with Treg/Th17 ratio, IL-10, and TGF-β levels. In contrast, HSP70 levels were significantly positively correlated with IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, LH, insulin, and glucose levels. Conclusion The abnormal level of HSP70 is correlated with Treg/Th17 imbalance and corresponding cytokines, which indicates that HSP70 may play an important role in PCOS immunologic pathogenesis.

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