Two divergent haplogroups of a sacsin-like gene in Acropora corals

AbstractReef-building corals are declining due to environmental changes. Sacsin is a member of the heat shock proteins and has been reported as a candidate protein associated with the stress response in Acropora corals. Recently, high nucleotide diversity and the persistence of two divergent haplogroups of sacsin-like genes in Acropora millepora have been reported. While it was not clear when the two haplogroups have split and whether the haplogroups have persisted in only A. millepora or the other lineages in the genus Acropora. In this study, we analyzed a genomic region containing a sacsin-like gene from Acropora and Montipora species. Higher nucleotide diversity in the sacsin-like gene compared with that of surrounding regions was also observed in A. digitifera. This nucleotide diversity is derived from two divergent haplogroups of a sacsin-like gene, which are present in at least three Acropora species. The origin of these two haplogroups can be traced back before the divergence of Acropora and Montipora (119 Ma). Although the link between exceptionally high genetic variation in sacsin-like genes and functional differences in sacsin-like proteins is not clear, the divergent haplogroups may respond differently to envionmental stressors and serve in the adaptive phsiological ecology of these keystone species.

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Nucleotide Variation at theCHALCONE ISOMERASELocus inArabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/155.2.863 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 863-872 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Helmi Kuittinen ◽

Montserrat Aguadé

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Diversity ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Selective Sweep ◽

Balancing Selection ◽

Neutral Theory ◽

Low Frequency ◽

The Other ◽

Nucleotide Variation ◽

Rapid Population Growth ◽

History Of

AbstractAn ~1.9-kb region encompassing the CHI gene, which encodes chalcone isomerase, was sequenced in 24 worldwide ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and in 1 ecotype of A. lyrata ssp. petraea. There was no evidence for dimorphism at the CHI region. A minimum of three recombination events was inferred in the history of the sampled ecotypes of the highly selfing A. thaliana. The estimated nucleotide diversity (θTOTAL = 0.004, θSIL = 0.005) was on the lower part of the range of the corresponding estimates for other gene regions. The skewness of the frequency spectrum toward an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms, together with the bell-shaped distribution of pairwise nucleotide differences at CHI, suggests that A. thaliana has recently experienced a rapid population growth. Although this pattern could also be explained by a recent selective sweep at the studied region, results from the other studied loci and from an AFLP survey seem to support the expansion hypothesis. Comparison of silent polymorphism and divergence at the CHI region and at the Adh1 and ChiA revealed in some cases a significant deviation of the direct relationship predicted by the neutral theory, which would be compatible with balancing selection acting at the latter regions.

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New insights on the genetic diversity of the honeybee parasiteNosema ceranaebased onmultilocussequence analysis

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182013001133 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 140 (11) ◽

pp. 1346-1356 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

MATHIEU ROUDEL ◽

JULIE AUFAUVRE ◽

BRUNO CORBARA ◽

FREDERIC DELBAC ◽

NICOLAS BLOT

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Nucleotide Diversity ◽

Selective Pressure ◽

Population Divergence ◽

Environmental Cues ◽

Microsporidian Parasite ◽

High Nucleotide Diversity ◽

Single Host ◽

Parasite Populations

SUMMARYThe microsporidian parasiteNosema ceranaeis a common pathogen of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) whose variable virulence could be related to its genetic polymorphism and/or its polyphenism responding to environmental cues. Since the genotyping ofN. ceranaebased on unique marker sequences had been unsuccessful, we tested whether amultilocusapproach, assessing the diversity of ten genetic markers – encoding nine proteins and the small ribosomal RNA subunit – allowed the discrimination betweenN. ceranaevariants isolated from singleA. melliferaindividuals in four distant locations. High nucleotide diversity and allele content were observed for all genes. Most importantly, the diversity was mainly present within parasite populations isolated from single honeybee individuals. In contrast the absence of isolate differentiation precluded anytaxadiscrimination, even through amultilocusapproach, but suggested that similar populations of parasites seem to infect honeybees in distant locations. As statistical evolutionary analyses showed that the allele frequency is under selective pressure, we discuss the origin and consequences ofN. ceranaeheterozygosity in a single host and lack of population divergence in the context of the parasite natural and evolutionary history.

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The development of small scale farming: two cases from the Commonwealth Caribbean.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v16i4.17401 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 264-274

Author(s):

D.T. Edwards

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

The Other ◽

Small Scale ◽

Government Agencies ◽

Rapid Rate ◽

The Face ◽

Market Gardening ◽

Commonwealth Caribbean ◽

The Government

Two very different cases of small-scale farm development in the Commonwealth Caribbean are reviewed. One is Jamaican small farming, which responded little to considerable efforts made for its improvement by the Government agencies. The other is market gardening at Aranjuez, Trinidad where production grew at an extremely rapid rate in the face of intense and antagonistic competition between the market gardeners and without significant direct assistance by official agencies. The conclusions include a number of possible strategies for farm development, comprising individual or collective persuasion, coercion, creation of new farms, and environmental changes. T. A. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Análisis comparativo de los moluscos en la reserva de la biosfera Los Petenes y lagunas costeras del sureste de México

Bulletin of Marine and Coastal Research ◽

10.25268/bimc.invemar.2018.47.1.736 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Alicia González-Solis ◽

Daniel Torruco ◽

Ángel D. Torruco-González

Keyword(s):

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Study Data ◽

The Other ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Terminos Lagoon ◽

Multiple Uses ◽

Trophic Chains

The phylum Mollusca is widely distributed in all types of environments. The species it contains are important for their multiple uses as food (as part of several trophic chains), as vectors of other groups of organisms, for the extraction of substances, and as sentinels ofnatural and induced environmental changes. In this work, a comparative evaluation of the malacological biodiversity associated with different habitats in the Los Petenes Biosphere Reserve in Campeche and in eight coastal water bodies in southeastern Mexico was performed.To obtain data comparable to those that were used in a previous study, data from the Los Petenes mollusks were obtained by collection of sediment cores 10 cm in diameter at a depth of 15 cm at 20 sites in different habitats every four months during 2014. For the other lagoons,records were obtained from various published sources. For Los Petenes, a total of 175 species and 12,850 individuals were recorded. The species Rissoella caribaea was the most common and the most abundant. Comparative evaluation of each of the habitats that coexist in this ecosystem did not show significant changes in abundance. Similarly, faunal associations exhibited a sea-land gradient, and although thedifferences in biomass were significant, species richness did not show the same pattern among habitats. The Los Petenes system as a whole exhibited some of the greatest biodiversity among the water bodies analyzed, and the Terminos lagoon showed the highest biodiversity (169and 175 species, respectively). In contrast, the Sabancuy estuary featured fauna records with a richness of 43 species; in the Tupilco-Ostión lagoon, only 62 species were recorded, and in the rest of the lagoons, the numbers of species were even lower.

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Checklist of the brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the rocky subtidal of Vitória Archipelago, southeast coast of Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/8.5.940 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 940 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Douglas Fernandes Rodrigues Alves ◽

Samara De Paiva Barros-Alves ◽

Valter José Cobo ◽

Daniel José Marcondes Lima ◽

Adilson Fransozo

Keyword(s):

Primary Productivity ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

The Other ◽

Brazilian Coast ◽

Continuous Assessment ◽

Scuba Divers ◽

Rocky Subtidal ◽

Global Environmental ◽

Global Environmental Changes ◽

Rocky Bottoms

Biodiversity can be useful as an ecosystem indicator for conservation and monitoring, through continuous assessment of its main properties including stability, primary productivity, exploitation tolerance and even global environmental changes. The main purpose of this study was to provide a checklist of the crabs associated with subtidal rocky bottoms at the Vitoria Archipelago, southeastern Brazilian coast. Monthly collections were carried out from February 2004 through January 2006 on three islands at the Vitória Archipelago (23°44’S-45°01’W). The crabs were hand-caught by SCUBA divers during the daytime, in rock subtidal. A total of 3084 individuals were caught, belonging to 42 species, 28 genera, and 12 families, highlighting Mithraculus forceps (1528) and Stenorhynchus seticornis (407) representing more than 60% of the sample. On the other hand, Dromia erythropus, Moreiradromia antilensis, Ebalia stimpsoni, Garthiope spinipes and Tumidotheres maculatus had only one individual sampled.

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Differential expression of cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion proteins along the kidney nephron

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.6.c1433 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 269 (6) ◽

pp. C1433-C1449 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

P. A. Piepenhagen ◽

W. J. Nelson

Keyword(s):

Cell Adhesion ◽

Immunofluorescence Microscopy ◽

The Other ◽

Beta Catenin ◽

Desmosomal Cadherins ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Associated Proteins ◽

Capillary Endothelial Cells ◽

Mediate Cell ◽

Cell Cell

Structural and functional differences among epithelial cells of kidney nephrons may be regulated by variations in cell-to-cell (cell-cell) and cell-to-substratum (cell-substratum) junctions. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that the cadherin-associated proteins alpha- and beta-catenin are localized to basolateral membranes of cells in all nephron segments, whereas plakoglobin, a protein associated with both classical and desmosomal cadherins, is localized to noninterdigitated lateral membranes in the distal half of the nephron where it colocalizes with desmoplakin and cytokeratin K8. Plakoglobin is also present in capillary endothelial cells where staining for the other catenins and desmosomal proteins is not observed. Immunofluorescence for laminin A and alpha 6-integrin, proteins that mediate cell-substratum contacts, reveal no correlations with the other staining patterns observed. These data indicate that plakoglobin and beta-catenin subserve distinct functions in cell-cell adhesion and suggest that E-cadherin-mediated contacts generate a basal level of cell-cell adhesion, whereas desmosomal junctions provide additional strength to cell-cell contacts in the distal nephron.

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European brown hare as a potential source of zoonotic agents

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/2050-vetmed ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 451-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F. Treml ◽

J. Pikula ◽

H. Bandouchova ◽

J. Horakova

Keyword(s):

Francisella Tularensis ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

The State ◽

The Other ◽

Brown Hare ◽

State Of Health ◽

European Brown Hare ◽

Potential Source ◽

Dramatic Decline ◽

Brucella Suis

There has recently been a growing interest in checking the state of health of European brown hares in hunting grounds because they are a susceptible bio-indicator of environmental changes and because of the dramatic decline in populations across Europe. A total of 1 051 (384, 302, and 365, respectively) blood sera were collected from hares during autumn hunting events and examined for tularaemia, brucellosis and leptospirosis in 2004, 2005 and 2006. Antibodies were found in 6.5, 1.6 and 7.5% of cases, respectively. Antibodies against Francisella tularensis, Brucella suis and leptospires were found in 7.9, 1.7 and 7.7% of females and 4.5, 1.4 and 7.9% of males, respectively. Higher seroprevalence of tularaemia was found in females (P = 0.05). Brucellosis was more prevalent in adult animals compared to subadult ones (P = 0.05). Only the L. grippotyphosa serotype was found and the titres mostly ranged from 100 to 400 (89.9%). Higher titres from 800 to 3 200 were found in the remaining 10.1% of the examined European brown hare sera. Antibodies against F. tularensis as well as B. suis were most frequent in low titres of 10 to 80. Higher titres were only exceptional. Confirming that hares are susceptible to various zoonotic agents, it is necessary to be careful when handling the animals killed. On the other hand, blood sera from hares may be used to survey the occurrence of natural nidi of zoonoses in hunting grounds.

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Light-adaptation properties of the ultraviolet-sensitive cone mechanism in comparison to the other receptor mechanisms of goldfish

Visual Neuroscience ◽

10.1017/s0952523800006544 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 293-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Craig W. Hawryshyn

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Light Adaptation ◽

Weber Fraction ◽

Luminance Contrast ◽

The Other ◽

Brightness Contrast ◽

Background Intensity ◽

Contrast Threshold ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Threshold Technique

AbstractThe light-adaptation properties of goldfish photoreceptor mechanisms were examined using Stiles' two-color threshold technique. Threshold vs. background intensity (TVI) curves were determined for isolated cone and rod mechanisms using the heart-rate conditioning technique. The principal aim of this study was to compare the light-adaptation properties of the ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive cone mechanism to the other receptor mechanisms of goldfish. This examination revealed several striking functional differences: (1) The UV-sensitive cone mechanism threshold vs. background intensity (TVI) exhibited a slope of 0.65 (compared to the approximate 1.0 for the other cone mechanisms on a log/log plot) and thus was not in accordance with Weber's law. This may in part be related to the intrusion of the blue-sensitive mechanism at the upper radiance range. (2) The operation of the UV-sensitive cone mechanism was limited to intermediate intensities (i.e. not very dim or bright). (3) The UV-sensitive cone mechanism exhibited a Weber fraction or luminance contrast threshold of 0.316 that was approximately six times larger than the other cone mechanisms but comparable to the rod mechanism. This indicates that the UV-sensitive cone mechanism performs relatively poorly in terms of brightness contrast detection.

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CIETRZEW W POLSCE – MOŻLIWOŚCI ZACHOWANIA POPULACJI

Zarządzanie ochroną przyrody w lasach ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.2813 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XII ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Robert Kamieniarz

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

The Other ◽

Black Grouse ◽

Protected Species ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

The North ◽

Other Hand ◽

North Eastern ◽

Regional Projects ◽

North Eastern Part

In 1995 the black grouse was registered in the Polish list of protected species. The national black grouse protection plan has been prepared and a few regional projects of the conservation of grouse and its areas of occurrence have been implemented. Unfortunately, adverse trends have not been turned back in the majority of regions. On the other hand, the population occurrence area has even increased locally in the mountains. The registered changes in the area of black grouse occurrence indicate that this species has the greatest chance of survival in some mountain areas in the southern part of Poland and locally in lowlands in the north-eastern part of the country. However, it is necessary to stop and reverse the unfavourable environmental changes which have been registered in areas of black grouse occurrence.

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