Multivariate modelling of milk fatty acid profile to discriminate the forages in dairy cows’ ration

AbstractAlthough there are many studies on the importance of fatty acids (FA) in our diet and on the influence of dairy diets on FA metabolism, only a few investigate their predictive capacity to discriminate the type, amount and conservation method of farm forages. This research quantifies differences in milk FA concentrations and, using a supervised factorial discriminant analysis, assesses potential biomarkers when replacing maize with other silages, grass/lucerne hays or fresh grass. The statistical modelling identified three main clusters of milk FA profiles associated with silages, hays and fresh grass as dominant roughages. The main implication of a dairy cow feeding system based on poliphytic forages from permanent meadows is enhancing milk’s nutritional quality due to an increase in beneficial omega-3 polyunsaturated FA, conjugated linoleic acids and odd chain FA, compared to feeding maize silage. The study also identified a small but powerful and reliable pool of milk FA that can act as biomarkers to authenticate feeding systems: C16:1 c-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:3 c-9, c-12, c-15, C18:1 c-9, C18:1 t-11 and C20:0.

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Multivariate Modelling of Milk Fatty Acid Profile to Discriminate the Forages in Dairy Cows' Ration

10.21203/rs.3.rs-387029/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Giorgia Riuzzi ◽

Hannah R. Davis ◽

Ilaria Lanza ◽

Gillian Butler ◽

Barbara Contiero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Arable Land ◽

Statistical Modelling ◽

Feeding System ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽

Predictive Capacity ◽

Multivariate Modelling ◽

Conservation Method ◽

Feeding Systems

Abstract Although there are many studies on the importance of fatty acids (FA) in our diet and on the influence of cows’ diet on FA metabolism, only a few investigate their predictive capacity to discriminate the type, amount and conservation method of the dietary forages. This research quantitatifies differences in FA concentrations and, using a supervised factorial discriminant analysis (FDA), assesses which could be biomarkers when replacing maize silage with other silages, grass/lucerne hays or fresh grass. The statistical modelling identified three main clusters in milk FA profiles associated with silages, hays and fresh grass as dominant roughages. The main implication of a dairy cow feeding system based on poliphytic forages from permanent meadows is to enhance milk’s nutritional value thanks to an increase in beneficial FA belonging to omenga-3 polyunsaturated FA, conjugated linoleic acids and odd chain FA, compared to the use of maize silage from arable land. The study also identified a small but powerful and reliable pool of FA that can act as biomarkers to authenticate feeding systems: C16:1, C17:0, C18:0, C18:3n-3, C18:1 c-9, C18:1 t-11, C20:0.

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Reproduction, mastitis, and body condition scores among spring and fall calving dairy cows in pasture or confinement feeding systems

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00034224 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 507-510

Author(s):

S. P. Washburn ◽

S. L. White ◽

J. T. Green ◽

G. A. Benson

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Feeding System ◽

Lower Body ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Fall Calving ◽

Average Body ◽

Feeding Systems ◽

Body Condition Scores

AbstractDairy cows in confinement and pasture-based feeding systems were compared across 4 spring-calving and 3 fall-calving replicates for differences in reproduction, mastitis, and body condition scores. Each feeding system and replicate included both Jersey and Holstein cows. Cows in confinement were fed a total mixed ration with maize silage as the base forage along with a variety of concentrates. Cows on pasture were routinely supplemented with concentrates and were provided baled grass and/or legume silage when pastures were limiting. Breeding periods were for 75 days in spring or fall. Reproductive performance did not differ significantly due to feeding system but Jerseys had higher conception rates (59.6 vs. 49.5%) and overall pregnancy rates (78.0 vs. 57.9%) than Holsteins. Cows in confinement had significantly higher rates of clinical mastitis and culling for mastitis than cows on pasture. Within both feeding systems, Jerseys had less mastitis than Holsteins. Average body condition scores were higher for confinement cows than pasture cows except for one replicate. Jerseys maintained higher average body condition scores than Holsteins in all but one replicate. In summary, pastured cows produced less milk and had less mastitis but lower body condition scores than confinement cows. Holsteins produced more milk but were less likely to rebreed, had more mastitis, higher culling rates, and maintained lower body condition scores than Jerseys.

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Influence of automatic feeding systems on design and management of dairy farms

Journal of Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.4081/jae.2017.642 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 48-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Francesco Da Borso ◽

Alessandro Chiumenti ◽

Maurizia Sigura ◽

Andrea Pezzuolo

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cow ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Feeding System ◽

Dairy Farmers ◽

Structural Modifications ◽

Covered Area ◽

Resting Activity ◽

Automatic Milking Systems ◽

Feeding Systems

During the last decades, many dairy farmers have actively advanced their farms toward automation. Automatic concentrate dispensers and automatic milking systems have been utilised for years, and several manufacturers have introduced automatic feeding systems (AFS). AFSs allow for the increase in frequency of feed distribution with significant advantages in terms of health and production. Furthermore, they provide a reduction of man labour related to preparation of feed, distribution, and propelling the ration closer to the feeding rack. The present research was focused on the monitoring of a dairy farm, located in the Veneto region of Italy, during the transition from a conventional feeding system (CFS), based on a tractor operated mixing wagon, to an automatic system equipped with stationary feeding hoppers, mixing unit, and distribution wagon operating on rail. The article reports a comparative analysis of the structural modifications required for the adoption of AFS, including an analysis of the AFS/CFS systems based on their functionality, energy, and man labour requirements. In the case study, AFS represented an affordable way to reduce covered area of the housings, as a result of the reduction in width of foraging lane and the reduction of manger front length. In addition, AFS demonstrated a reduction in labour requirements and improvement of quality and consistency of work when feeding total mixed ration. Finally, the research was addressed to study dairy cow behaviour. A method for monitoring the feeding, resting, and standing indexes was applied to the CFS farm. As a preliminary result of this activity, a positive correlation between cow resting activity and milk production was discovered.

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Mitigating environmental impacts of milk production via integrated maize silage planting and dairy cow breeding system: A case study in China

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127343 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 127343

Author(s):

Xianlei Huang ◽

Boyang Shi ◽

Shu Wang ◽

Changbin Yin ◽

Linna Fang

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impacts ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Breeding System ◽

Maize Silage ◽

System A

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Does Feeding System Influence Parasitism in Black Bengal Goats in Bangladesh?

Progressive Agriculture ◽

10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16470 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1-2) ◽

pp. 85-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

AKMA Rabbi ◽

A Islam ◽

M Anisuzzaman ◽

S Majumder ◽

MH Rahman

Keyword(s):

Fecal Sample ◽

Helminth Infection ◽

Boophilus Microplus ◽

Production Performance ◽

Feeding System ◽

Extensive System ◽

Parasitic Burden ◽

Demodex Sp ◽

Feeding Systems ◽

Intensive System

To study the parasitism in goats in relation to different feeding systems, 1110 goats from different areas of Jaypurhat, Tangail, Netrakona and Mymensingh districts were examined. By fecal sample examination, 76.5% goats were found to be infected with one or more species of endoparasites. In this study, 9 types of helminths ova were identified such as Fasciola gigantica (14.8%), Paramphistomum sp. (28.5%), Schistosoma indicum (3.2%), strongyles (35%), Strongyloides sp. (17.4%), Toxocara spp. (1.5%), Trichuris sp. (4.6%), Capillaria sp. (1.2%) and Moniezia sp. (3.7%). Two types of protozoa were also detected, namely, Eimeria sp. (7.1%) and Balantidium coli (5.5%). Along with these, five species of ectoparasites were found: two species were lice such as Damilinia caprae (13.9 %) and Linognathus vitulli (4.2%), and two species were ticks namely, Haemophysalis bispinosa (21.2%), Rhipicaphalus (Boophilus) microplus (3.6%) and one species was mite, namely, Demodex sp. (2.9%). Mean parasitic burden of Paramphistomum sp. (259.81 ± 3.35) was the highest followed by Eimeria sp. (224.1 ± 16.9) and Moniezia sp. (204.9 ± 19.7). Prevalence of helminths and protozoa was significantly (P<0.01) highest in extensive system (86.1%) followed by semi-intensive (76.3%) and intensive system (57.5%). Ova of Schistosoma indicum was absent in the fecal sample of goats of intensive system. Goats of extensive and semi-intensive systems were 4.6 and 2.4 times more susceptible to helminth infection than those of intensive system. Ectoparasitic infestation was the highest in semi-intensive system (59.7%) followed by extensive system (33.5%) and intensive system (8.2%). In conclusion, the present study suggests that feeding system has a great impact on the prevalence of parasites in Black Bengal goats. Further study can be carried out to determine the effect of parasitism in the production performance of Black Bengal goats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16470 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 85-95, 2011

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Nutrient content of South African red meat and the effect of age and production system

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v45i3.9 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 313-324

Author(s):

HC Schonfeldt ◽

N Hall

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

South African ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Red Meat ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Nutritional Profile ◽

Feeding Systems

Feeding systems, slaughter age and other production techniques notably influence the nutrient content of red meat. The modernization of the different South African production systems since the previous nutrient composition studies, justifies the necessity to update existing knowledge on the nutritional profile of South African produced beef. In addition, a need was identified to extrapolate the effect of the two different feeding systems (extensive and intensive) on this nutritional profile. Results indicate that the total lipid content of marketable young carcasses (age A, fat code 2) has decreased over time, in line with global health and nutrition trends for leaner foods. With the majority of beef from these young carcasses being produced on intensive grain-based feeding systems, South Africa has a unique advantage in terms of total lipid content of such grain-fed produce. Internationally, grain-fed red meat is in most cases higher in total and saturated fat content compared to grass-fed counterparts, while in South African the opposite was observed. In addition to total fat content, the role of various lipid fractions in human health has often been associated with specific produce positioning and marketing. South African grass-fed beef is significantly higher in healthy omega 3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid, irrespective of degree of fat trimming. From a human nutrition perspective, it should be kept in mind that the total amount of omega 3 fatty acids per edible portion of beef produced in either production system is low in comparison to human dietary recommendations.Keywords: Beef, fatty acids, grain-fed beef, grass-fed beef, physical composition

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The effect of cow genetic index and grass-based feeding system on the performance of spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows in second lactation

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s1463981500043156 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 141-146

Author(s):

P. Dillon ◽

F. Buckley ◽

S. Snijders ◽

S. Crosse

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feeding System ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Condition Score ◽

Genetic Index ◽

Feeding Systems

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of both cow genetic index (CGI) and feeding system on the performance of second lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows on grass-based feeding systems. There was no interaction between CGI and feeding system for any of the parameters measured. Cows of high genetic index (HGI) produced significantly higher yields of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) protein (P < 0.0001) and lactose (P < 0.001) than medium genetic index cows (MGI). CGI had no effect on the concentration of milk constituents. Averaged across four intake measurements the HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.001) higher grass dry-matter intake (GDMI) and total dry-matter intake (TDMI). Live weight was similar for both genotypes during lactation. The HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher live-weight loss in the first 10 weeks of lactation, significantly lower live-weight gain from week 10 to the end of lactation and higher (P < 0.05) live-weight gain during the dry period. Condition score was significantly lower with the HGI (P < 0.001) at all stages of lactation. There was a higher proportion (P < 0.05) of the HGI cows non-pregnant at the end of the 13-week breeding season. Feeding system had a significant effect on the yield of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001), protein (P < 0.001) and lactose (P < 0.001). Feeding system B produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk yield and yield of constituents (when compared with feeding systems A and C). Over the period when feeding systems were being applied, feeding system C had significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk protein concentration. Feeding system had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on both GDMI and TDMI. Feeding system had no effect on live weight, condition score or fertility performance.

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Effect on forage intake and milk production of including maize silage in early or mid lactation in dairy cow rations based on grass silage

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600020948 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1991 ◽

pp. 144-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R H Phipps ◽

R F Weller ◽

W J Fisher ◽

T Poole

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Pricing Policy ◽

Current Trial ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Forage Intake ◽

Milk Marketing

Preliminary studies at the Bernard Weitz Centre have shown that maize silage has the potential to increase forage intake and milk production. The trend towards earlier calving, encouraged by the Milk Marketing Board pricing policy, means that maize silage may not be available for early lactation; as most farmers rely on the current seasons crop, and few carry stocks over from the previous year. The objective of the current trial was to determine the eflect on forage intake and milk production of incorporating maize silage into grass silage based rations either from early or mid-lactation.

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The effects of feeding compound concentrate supplements with either a low or high level of true methionine digested in the small intestine (DVmet) to dairy cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200001770 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1999 ◽

pp. 22-22

Author(s):

R.L.G. Zom ◽

E. Kamerman ◽

G. Remmelink ◽

G. van Duinkerken

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Evaluation System ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Cattle Feeds ◽

True Protein ◽

High Level

The Dutch DVE/OEB protein evaluation system (Tamminga et al., 1994) gives predictions for the concentration of whole true protein digested in the small intestine (DVE) in cattle feeds, but not for the concentration of single amino acids. Therefore, new standard methods has been introduced for the prediction of true methionine and lysine digested in the small intestine (DVmet and DVlys, respectively) in cattle feeds based on the principles of the calculation of DVE (van Duinkerken and Blok, 1998). These methods give the opportunity to select particular feeds and concentrate ingredients in order to manipulate the concentration of DVmet and DVlys in diets and compound concentrates. However, in the Netherlands, there are no recommendations for DVmet and DVlys in dairy cow rations established yet. An experiment was therefore conducted to study the effects of feeding compound concentrate supplements with either a low (L) or high (H) level of DVmet on feed intake and milk production in dairy cows fed a grass and maize silage mixture ad libitum

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