scholarly journals Multivariate Modelling of Milk Fatty Acid Profile to Discriminate the Forages in Dairy Cows' Ration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Riuzzi ◽  
Hannah R. Davis ◽  
Ilaria Lanza ◽  
Gillian Butler ◽  
Barbara Contiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Multivariate Modelling ◽  
Conservation Method ◽  
Feeding Systems

Abstract Although there are many studies on the importance of fatty acids (FA) in our diet and on the influence of cows’ diet on FA metabolism, only a few investigate their predictive capacity to discriminate the type, amount and conservation method of the dietary forages. This research quantitatifies differences in FA concentrations and, using a supervised factorial discriminant analysis (FDA), assesses which could be biomarkers when replacing maize silage with other silages, grass/lucerne hays or fresh grass. The statistical modelling identified three main clusters in milk FA profiles associated with silages, hays and fresh grass as dominant roughages. The main implication of a dairy cow feeding system based on poliphytic forages from permanent meadows is to enhance milk’s nutritional value thanks to an increase in beneficial FA belonging to omenga-3 polyunsaturated FA, conjugated linoleic acids and odd chain FA, compared to the use of maize silage from arable land. The study also identified a small but powerful and reliable pool of FA that can act as biomarkers to authenticate feeding systems: C16:1, C17:0, C18:0, C18:3n-3, C18:1 c-9, C18:1 t-11, C20:0.

scholarly journals Multivariate modelling of milk fatty acid profile to discriminate the forages in dairy cows’ ration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Riuzzi ◽  
Hannah Davis ◽  
Ilaria Lanza ◽  
Gillian Butler ◽  
Barbara Contiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acids ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Multivariate Modelling ◽  
Conservation Method ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractAlthough there are many studies on the importance of fatty acids (FA) in our diet and on the influence of dairy diets on FA metabolism, only a few investigate their predictive capacity to discriminate the type, amount and conservation method of farm forages. This research quantifies differences in milk FA concentrations and, using a supervised factorial discriminant analysis, assesses potential biomarkers when replacing maize with other silages, grass/lucerne hays or fresh grass. The statistical modelling identified three main clusters of milk FA profiles associated with silages, hays and fresh grass as dominant roughages. The main implication of a dairy cow feeding system based on poliphytic forages from permanent meadows is enhancing milk’s nutritional quality due to an increase in beneficial omega-3 polyunsaturated FA, conjugated linoleic acids and odd chain FA, compared to feeding maize silage. The study also identified a small but powerful and reliable pool of milk FA that can act as biomarkers to authenticate feeding systems: C16:1 c-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:3 c-9, c-12, c-15, C18:1 c-9, C18:1 t-11 and C20:0.

Reproduction, mastitis, and body condition scores among spring and fall calving dairy cows in pasture or confinement feeding systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-510
Author(s):  
S. P. Washburn ◽  
S. L. White ◽  
J. T. Green ◽  
G. A. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Fall Calving ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Feeding Systems ◽  
Body Condition Scores

AbstractDairy cows in confinement and pasture-based feeding systems were compared across 4 spring-calving and 3 fall-calving replicates for differences in reproduction, mastitis, and body condition scores. Each feeding system and replicate included both Jersey and Holstein cows. Cows in confinement were fed a total mixed ration with maize silage as the base forage along with a variety of concentrates. Cows on pasture were routinely supplemented with concentrates and were provided baled grass and/or legume silage when pastures were limiting. Breeding periods were for 75 days in spring or fall. Reproductive performance did not differ significantly due to feeding system but Jerseys had higher conception rates (59.6 vs. 49.5%) and overall pregnancy rates (78.0 vs. 57.9%) than Holsteins. Cows in confinement had significantly higher rates of clinical mastitis and culling for mastitis than cows on pasture. Within both feeding systems, Jerseys had less mastitis than Holsteins. Average body condition scores were higher for confinement cows than pasture cows except for one replicate. Jerseys maintained higher average body condition scores than Holsteins in all but one replicate. In summary, pastured cows produced less milk and had less mastitis but lower body condition scores than confinement cows. Holsteins produced more milk but were less likely to rebreed, had more mastitis, higher culling rates, and maintained lower body condition scores than Jerseys.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Flavor Precursors and Flavor Fingerprints in Grazing Lambs by Foodomics

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xueting Jia ◽  
Qingyu Zhao ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Flavor Precursors ◽  
Tan Sheep ◽  
Feeding Systems

Tan sheep are greatly preferred by consumers in China because of their nutritional value and unique flavor. However, the meat quality of Tan sheep has decreased due to the change in feeding systems from grazing to indoor. Studies investigating the mechanisms for the decrease in meat quality are limited. A total of 28 Tan sheep were randomly allocated to two treatments, receiving a concentrated diet, or pasture. Flavor precursors and volatile compounds were analyzed with foodomics. E-nose and E-tongue analyses suggested that the aroma and taste profiles differed between the feeding systems. The grazing lambs had higher levels of linoleic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.01). Metabolomics indicated that 25 hydrophilic metabolites active in glycolipid and amino acid metabolisms were changed by the feeding system. Among the 57 volatile compounds identified, methional, γ-butyrolactone, benzaldehyde, and ethyl acetate were at concentrations significantly higher in the grazing lambs than the indoor-fed lambs (p < 0.01). These results reveal key changes in flavor precursors and flavor profiles affected by the feeding system, which may provide an initial view of the reason for consumer preference for the grazing Tan sheep.

Profitability of dairy farming in relation to the type of feeding system

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Frelich ◽  
Martin Šlachta ◽  
František Střeleček ◽  
Jana Lososová
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Profit Rate ◽  
Permanent Housing ◽  
Cow Performance

Profitability of dairy farming in relation to the type of feeding systemWe investigated the profitability of dairy farms in relation to the type of feeding system (seasonal pasture vs. permanent housing). An economic analysis was carried out of data on the structure and financial health of 50 farms in 2007 using questionnaires filled in by the farmers. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to reveal causal relationships between a number of characteristics of the farms. The two axis of PCA explained 40.48% and 16.13% of the variability among the selected farm characteristics. Profitability related more to the number of subsidies, the area of arable land, the number of livestock and to the milk and plant production than to the area of meadows and pastures. Although a better cow performance was achieved on farms with confined herds, the profit per agricultural area and profit rate did not differ significantly between the two feeding strategies (P>0.05). The profit was 3,259 and 3,655 CZK/ha on average and the profit rate 7.9% and 5.6% on average on farms with pastured herds and on farms with confined herds, respectively. A lowering of input costs and a more effective utilisation of grasslands may further enhance profitability.

scholarly journals Does Feeding System Influence Parasitism in Black Bengal Goats in Bangladesh?

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKMA Rabbi ◽  
A Islam ◽  
M Anisuzzaman ◽  
S Majumder ◽  
MH Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
Parasitic Burden ◽  
Demodex Sp ◽  
Feeding Systems ◽  
Intensive System

To study the parasitism in goats in relation to different feeding systems, 1110 goats from different areas of Jaypurhat, Tangail, Netrakona and Mymensingh districts were examined. By fecal sample examination, 76.5% goats were found to be infected with one or more species of endoparasites. In this study, 9 types of helminths’ ova were identified such as Fasciola gigantica (14.8%), Paramphistomum sp. (28.5%), Schistosoma indicum (3.2%), strongyles (35%), Strongyloides sp. (17.4%), Toxocara spp. (1.5%), Trichuris sp. (4.6%), Capillaria sp. (1.2%) and Moniezia sp. (3.7%). Two types of protozoa were also detected, namely, Eimeria sp. (7.1%) and Balantidium coli (5.5%). Along with these, five species of ectoparasites were found: two species were lice such as Damilinia caprae (13.9 %) and Linognathus vitulli (4.2%), and two species were ticks namely, Haemophysalis bispinosa (21.2%), Rhipicaphalus (Boophilus) microplus (3.6%) and one species was mite, namely, Demodex sp. (2.9%). Mean parasitic burden of Paramphistomum sp. (259.81 ± 3.35) was the highest followed by Eimeria sp. (224.1 ± 16.9) and Moniezia sp. (204.9 ± 19.7). Prevalence of helminths and protozoa was significantly (P<0.01) highest in extensive system (86.1%) followed by semi-intensive (76.3%) and intensive system (57.5%). Ova of Schistosoma indicum was absent in the fecal sample of goats of intensive system. Goats of extensive and semi-intensive systems were 4.6 and 2.4 times more susceptible to helminth infection than those of intensive system. Ectoparasitic infestation was the highest in semi-intensive system (59.7%) followed by extensive system (33.5%) and intensive system (8.2%). In conclusion, the present study suggests that feeding system has a great impact on the prevalence of parasites in Black Bengal goats. Further study can be carried out to determine the effect of parasitism in the production performance of Black Bengal goats.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16470 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 85-95, 2011

The effect of cow genetic index and grass-based feeding system on the performance of spring-calving Holstein-Friesian cows in second lactation

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
P. Dillon ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
S. Snijders ◽  
S. Crosse
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Index ◽  
Feeding Systems

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of both cow genetic index (CGI) and feeding system on the performance of second lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows on grass-based feeding systems. There was no interaction between CGI and feeding system for any of the parameters measured. Cows of high genetic index (HGI) produced significantly higher yields of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001) protein (P < 0.0001) and lactose (P < 0.001) than medium genetic index cows (MGI). CGI had no effect on the concentration of milk constituents. Averaged across four intake measurements the HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.001) higher grass dry-matter intake (GDMI) and total dry-matter intake (TDMI). Live weight was similar for both genotypes during lactation. The HGI cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher live-weight loss in the first 10 weeks of lactation, significantly lower live-weight gain from week 10 to the end of lactation and higher (P < 0.05) live-weight gain during the dry period. Condition score was significantly lower with the HGI (P < 0.001) at all stages of lactation. There was a higher proportion (P < 0.05) of the HGI cows non-pregnant at the end of the 13-week breeding season. Feeding system had a significant effect on the yield of milk (P < 0.001), fat (P < 0.001), protein (P < 0.001) and lactose (P < 0.001). Feeding system B produced significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk yield and yield of constituents (when compared with feeding systems A and C). Over the period when feeding systems were being applied, feeding system C had significantly higher (P < 0.05) milk protein concentration. Feeding system had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on both GDMI and TDMI. Feeding system had no effect on live weight, condition score or fertility performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Pasture or Maize Silage Feeding on the Nutritional Value of Beef

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łozicki ◽  
Maria Dymnicka ◽  
Ewa Arkuszewska ◽  
Henryk Pustkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Final Body Weight

Effect of Pasture or Maize Silage Feeding on the Nutritional Value of BeefThe objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of beef from different production systems. The study was conducted with Hereford bulls on organic and conventional farms. On the organic farm, fattening was mainly based on roughages, including pasture forage in the summer season, when the end of fattening occurred. On the conventional farm the bulls were fed maize silage and concentrate. On both farms, the animals were aged 7-9 months at the beginning of fattening. The bulls were fattened to a final body weight of 550-600 kg. Samples of longissimus thoracis muscle were collected from half-carcasses of slaughtered bulls originating from each farm to analyse fat content, fatty acid profile, and content of selected minerals and vitamin E. Muscle samples were additionally analysed for the concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances 3 and 7 days after slaughter. Analyses showed a lower fat content in longissimus thoracis muscle of bulls from the pasture feeding system. The fatty acid profile was also characterized by a lower content of C 14:0, and a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including C18:3 n-3, conjugated linoleic acid, C 20:5 n-3, and C 22:5 n-3, as well as by a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. The total content of monounsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in animals fed maize silage and feed concentrate. In turn, the muscle of pasture fed animals had higher levels of Na, Zn and Fe as well as of vitamin E.

How the nutritional value and consumer acceptability of suckling lambs meat is affected by the maternal feeding system

2012 ◽  
Vol 106 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. D’Alessandro ◽  
G. Maiorano ◽  
B. Kowaliszyn ◽  
P. Loiudice ◽  
G. Martemucci
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Feeding System

scholarly journals Relative Impact and Analysis of Composition of Goat Milk by Stall-Feeding System and Rearing with Grazing System of Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
PB Surner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Goat Milk ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Free Grazing ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Milk Minerals ◽  
Feeding Systems

In many regions of the world, goat milk and its milk products have played a major role in economic viability, particularly in developing countries like India. In terms of getting milk products high in minerals and other protein, the importance of free grazing still prevails and is preferred over stall feeding, but both ways are good in general. With the importance of the above in mind, an approach has been taken in the current study to compare the yield of milk from goats using a stall-feeding system and a free grazing system. Our findings show that milk minerals such as Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Sodium are higher in stall-feeding goat systems than in free grazing systems because stall-feeding provides a computed ration – Minerals, Common salt, mineral mixture, concentrate feeding, feed additives, and feed supplement. As a result, milk minerals are higher in stall-feeding goat systems than in free grazing goat systems. Lactose levels are higher in stall-feeding systems than in open grazing systems because leguminous feeds like as lucerne and bersim grasses, as well as green forages, are used. Because they graze freely in the environment and consume various types of feeds, fat percentage is higher in the free grazing system of goats than in the stall-feeding system. Since stall-feeding systems provide feed supplement and concentrate feeding, fat soluble vitamins are higher in stall-feeding systems than in free grazing systems, which is why fat-soluble vitamins are higher in stall-feeding systems of goats.

scholarly journals Basic chemical composition and mineral content of the milk of cows of various breeds raised on organic farms and on traditional farms using intensive (PMR) and traditional feeding systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6022-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZYGMUNT LITWIŃCZUK ◽  
NATALIA KOPERSKA ◽  
WITOLD CHABUZ ◽  
MONIKA KĘDZIERSKA-MATYSEK
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Feeding Systems

The aim of study was to evaluate the chemical composition, including mineral content, in milk of different breeds maintained in organic and traditional farms using intensive (PMR) and traditional feeding systems. The study was carried out on 47 farms in south-eastern Poland. A total of 735 milk samples were analysed, including 263 from cows raised on organic farms, 218 from cows raised on conventional farms using a traditional feeding system, and 254 from cows raised on conventional farms using an intensive feeding system (PMR). All types of farms raised Polish Holstein-Friesian and Simmental cows, and the conventional farms using a traditional feeding system also kept Polish Red and White-Backed cows. The highest (p≤0.01) daily milk yield and content of protein, lactose, dry matter and urea in the milk were obtained from the cows fed in the PMR system. The highest fat content was noted for the milk from the conventional farms using a traditional feeding system. The animals raised in the organic system produced the least milk, with the lowest concentrations of its basic nutrients. The highest mineral content was noted for the milk from the traditional system. The milk from the organic system contained the least Ca, Na, Mg, Zn and Fe, while the milk from the intensive system contained the least Mn. The content of Cu was similar in the milk from the organic and intensive systems and lower (p≤0.01) than in the milk from the traditional system. The results of two-way analysis of variance indicate that the breed of cow significantly influenced milk yield, protein content, protein-to-fat ratio, Ca and Zn concentration (p≤0.01), and the content of dry matter, Fe and Mn in the milk (p≤0.05). .

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