scholarly journals Investigation of possible underlying mechanisms behind water-induced glucose reduction in adults with high copeptin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Enhörning ◽  
Tiphaine Vanhaecke ◽  
Alberto Dolci ◽  
Erica T. Perrier ◽  
Olle Melander
Keyword(s):  
Urine Volume ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Glucose Lowering Effect ◽  
Urine Cortisol ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Glucose Reduction ◽  
Water Supplementation ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

AbstractElevated copeptin, a surrogate marker of vasopressin, is linked to low water intake and increased diabetes risk. Water supplementation in habitual low-drinkers with high copeptin significantly lowers both fasting plasma (fp) copeptin and glucose. This study aims at investigating possible underlying mechanisms. Thirty-one healthy adults with high copeptin (> 10.7 pmol·L−1 (men), > 6.1 pmol−1 (women)) and 24-h urine volume of < 1.5L and osmolality of > 600 mOsm·kg−1 were included. The intervention consisted of addition of 1.5 L water daily for 6 weeks. Fp-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), fp-cortisol, 24-h urine cortisol, fasting and 2 h (post oral glucose) insulin and glucagon were not significantly affected by the water intervention. However, decreased (Δ baseline-6 weeks) fp-copeptin was significantly associated with Δfp-ACTH (r = 0.76, p < 0.001) and Δfp-glucagon (r = 0.39, p = 0.03), respectively. When dividing our participants according to baseline copeptin, median fp-ACTH was reduced from 13.0 (interquartile range 9.2–34.5) to 7.7 (5.3–9.9) pmol L−1, p = 0.007 in the top tertile of copeptin, while no reduction was observed in the other tertiles. The glucose lowering effect from water may partly be attributable to decreased activity in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03574688.

Activation of the gut calcium-sensing receptor by peptide agonists reduces rapid elevation of plasma glucose in response to oral glucose load in rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (12) ◽  
pp. G1099-G1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Muramatsu ◽  
Tohru Hira ◽  
Arimi Mitsunaga ◽  
Eri Sato ◽  
Shingo Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Glucose Lowering Effect

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is expressed in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract. To investigate the role of gut CaSR on glycemic control, we examined whether single oral administration of CaSR agonist peptides affected the glycemic response in rats. Glucose tolerance tests were performed under oral or duodenal administration of various CaSR agonist peptides (γGlu-Cys, protamine, and poly-d-lysine hydrobromide) in conscious rats. Involvement of CaSR was determined by using a CaSR antagonist. Signaling pathways underlying CaSR agonist-modified glycemia were investigated using gut hormone receptor antagonists. The gastric emptying rate after the administration of CaSR agonist peptides was measured by the phenol red recovery method. Oral and duodenal administration of CaSR agonist peptides attenuated glycemic responses under the oral glucose tolerance test, but the administration of casein did not. The promotive effect on glucose tolerance was weakened by luminal pretreatment with a CaSR antagonist. Treatment with a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist partially diminished the glucose-lowering effect of peptides. Furthermore, the gastric emptying rate was decreased by duodenal administration of CaSR agonist peptides. These results demonstrate that activation of the gut CaSR by peptide agonists promotes glucose tolerance in conscious rats. 5-HT3 receptor and the delayed gastric emptying rate appear to be involved in the glucose-lowering effect of CaSR agonist peptides. Thus, activation of gut CaSR by dietary peptides reduces glycemic responses so that gut CaSR may be a potential target for the improvement of postprandial glycemia.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiabetic, In Vitro α-Amylase Inhibitory, and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Leaves Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of Bersama abyssinica Fresen (Melianthaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2093582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemene Demelash Kifle ◽  
Engidaw Fentahun Enyew
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Lowering Effect ◽  
Bersama Abyssinica

Background. The leaves of Bersama abyssinica are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in folk medicine system of Ethiopia. The present study was done based on the traditional claim of B abyssinica for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Methods. The α-amylase inhibition and antioxidant activities of B abyssinica extracts were evaluated by using 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid method and diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay model, respectively. Blood glucose lowering activity of the extracts was studied in 4 animal models; normoglycemic, oral glucose loaded, and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice models. Results. Among the extracts, the crude extract showed the highest α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity with an IC50 of 6.57 μg/mL. The water fraction showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 3.43 μg/mL. The crude extract at doses of 200, and 400 mg/kg showed significant ( P < .05) hypoglycemic activity in normoglycemic mice. All doses of the crude extract significantly ( P < .05) reduced blood glucose levels of oral glucose-loaded mice. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice models, both the crude and solvent fractions showed a significant ( P < .05) blood glucose lowering effect as compared with the negative control group post 8 hour treatment. Conclusion. The results demonstrated the beneficial biochemical effects of B abyssinica extract by inhibiting α-amylase and scavenging the free radicals. The crude extract and solvent fractions of B abyssinica had significant blood glucose lowering effect in all animal models.

scholarly journals Emergence of SGLT2 Inhibitors as Powerful Antioxidants in Human Diseases

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Kai-Fan Tsai ◽  
Yung-Lung Chen ◽  
Terry Ting-Yu Chiou ◽  
Tian-Huei Chu ◽  
Lung-Chih Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Neural Disorders

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral glucose-lowering agents. Apart from their glucose-lowering effects, large clinical trials assessing certain SGLT2 inhibitors have revealed cardiac and renal protective effects in non-diabetic patients. These excellent outcomes motivated scientists and clinical professionals to revisit their underlying mechanisms. In addition to the heart and kidney, redox homeostasis is crucial in several human diseases, including liver diseases, neural disorders, and cancers, with accumulating preclinical studies demonstrating the therapeutic benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors. In the present review, we aimed to update recent advances in the antioxidant roles of SGLT2 inhibitors in common but debilitating human diseases. We anticipate that this review will guide new research directions and novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, nephropathies, liver diseases, neural disorders, and cancers in the era of SGLT2 inhibitors.

Postprandial glucose-lowering effect of cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC) fruit juice in dysglycemic subjects with metabolic syndrome: An exploratory study

2021 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 110209
Author(s):  
Renata Luise de Araujo ◽  
Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán ◽  
Rosa Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
J. Alberto Martinez-Blazquez ◽  
Maria Inés Genovese
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Glucose Lowering Effect ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document