scholarly journals EEG signatures change during unilateral Yogi nasal breathing

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Khan Niazi ◽  
Muhammad Samran Navid ◽  
Jim Bartley ◽  
Daniel Shepherd ◽  
Mangor Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Parasympathetic Activity ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Left Nostril ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Alpha Beta

AbstractAirflow through the left-and-right nostrils is said to be entrained by an endogenous nasal cycle paced by both poles of the hypothalamus. Yogic practices suggest, and scientific evidence demonstrates, that right-nostril breathing is involved with relatively higher sympathetic activity (arousal states), while left-nostril breathing is associated with a relatively more parasympathetic activity (stress alleviating state). The objective of this study was to further explore this laterality by controlling nasal airflow and observing patterns of cortical activity through encephalographic (EEG) recordings. Thirty subjects participated in this crossover study. The experimental session consisted of a resting phase (baseline), then a period of unilateral nostril breathing (UNB) using the dominant nasal airway, followed by UNB using the non-dominant nasal airway. A 64-channel EEG was recorded throughout the whole session. The effects of nostril-dominance, and nostril-lateralization were assessed using the power spectral density of the neural activity. The differences in power-spectra and source localization were calculated between EEG recorded during UNB and baseline for delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. Cluster-based permutation tests showed that compared to baseline, EEG spectral power was significantly (1) decreased in all frequency bands for non-dominant nostril UNB, (2) decreased in alpha, beta and gamma bands for dominant nostril UNB, (3) decreased in all bands for left nostril UNB, and (4) decreased in all bands except delta for right nostril UNB. The beta band showed the most widely distributed changes across the scalp. our source localisation results show that breathing with the dominant nostril breathing increases EEG power in the left inferior frontal (alpha band) and left parietal lobule (beta band), whereas non-dominant nostril breathing is related to more diffuse and bilateral effects in posterior areas of the brain.These preliminary findings may stimulate further research in the area, with potential applications to tailored treatment of brain disorders associated with disruption of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.

scholarly journals Sensory feedback-dependent coding of arm position in local field potentials of the posterior parietal cortex

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul VanGilder ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Gregory Apker ◽  
Christopher A. Buneo
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Arm Position ◽  
Multisensory Interactions ◽  
Spiking Activity

AbstractAlthough multisensory integration is crucial for sensorimotor function, it is unclear how visual and proprioceptive sensory cues are combined in the brain during motor behaviors. Here we characterized the effects of multisensory interactions on local field potential (LFP) activity obtained from the superior parietal lobule (SPL) as non-human primates performed a reaching task with either unimodal (proprioceptive) or bimodal (visual-proprioceptive) sensory feedback. Based on previous analyses of spiking activity, we hypothesized that evoked LFP responses would be tuned to arm location but would be suppressed on bimodal trials, relative to unimodal trials. We also expected to see a substantial number of recording sites with enhanced beta band spectral power for only one set of feedback conditions (e.g. unimodal or bimodal), as was previously observed for spiking activity. We found that evoked activity and beta band power were tuned to arm location at many individual sites, though this tuning often differed between unimodal and bimodal trials. Across the population, both evoked and beta activity were consistent with feedback-dependent tuning to arm location, while beta band activity also showed evidence of response suppression on bimodal trials. The results suggest that multisensory interactions can alter the tuning and gain of arm position-related LFP activity in the SPL.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the External Validity of EEG Spectral Power in an Uncontrolled Outdoor Environment during Default and Complex Neurocognitive States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Dalton J. Edwards ◽  
Logan T. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
External Validity ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Eeg Spectral Power ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Human Participants

Traditionally, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) studies collect data within controlled laboratory environments that limit the external validity of scientific conclusions. To probe these validity limits, we used a mobile EEG system to record electrophysiological signals from human participants while they were located within a controlled laboratory environment and an uncontrolled outdoor environment exhibiting several moderate background influences. Participants performed two tasks during these recordings, one engaging brain activity related to several complex cognitive functions (number sense, attention, memory, executive function) and the other engaging two default brain states. We computed EEG spectral power over three frequency bands (theta: 4–7 Hz, alpha: 8–13 Hz, low beta: 14–20 Hz) where EEG oscillatory activity is known to correlate with the neurocognitive states engaged by these tasks. Null hypothesis significance testing yielded significant EEG power effects typical of the neurocognitive states engaged by each task, but only a beta-band power difference between the two background recording environments during the default brain state. Bayesian analysis showed that the remaining environment null effects were unlikely to reflect measurement insensitivities. This overall pattern of results supports the external validity of laboratory EEG power findings for complex and default neurocognitive states engaged within moderately uncontrolled environments.

To the physiology of nasal breathing

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-445
Author(s):  
I. Gavrilov
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Left Nostril ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Runny Nose ◽  
Perfectly Normal

I give the results of observations of my own breathing, with the proviso that my nose is perfectly normal, and I rarely suffer from a runny nose. In the tables below, d indicates that the main stream of air at a given time went through a given half of the nose, while the other was either completely blocked or breathed through it with difficulty; p indicates that at this moment the breathing through both nostrils was approximately of equal force; r/p indicates that breathing was through both nostrils, the left nostril breathing harder. The results were noted at hour intervals.

scholarly journals A supragranular nexus for the effects of neocortical beta events on human tactile perception

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Law ◽  
Sarah Pugliese ◽  
Hyeyoung Shin ◽  
Danielle Sliva ◽  
Shane Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sensory Perception ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Sensory Suppression ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Event Rates

AbstractTransient neocortical events with high spectral power in the 15–29Hz beta band are among the most reliable predictors of sensory perception: High prestimulus beta event rates in primary somatosensory lead to sensory suppression, most effective at 100–300ms prestimulus latency. However, the synaptic and neuronal mechanisms inducing beta’s perceptual effects have not been completely localized. We combined human MEG with neural modeling designed to account for these macroscale signals to interpret the cellular and circuit mechanisms that underlie the influence of beta on tactile detection. Extending prior studies, we modeled the hypothesis that higher-order thalamic bursts, sufficient for beta event generation in cortex, recruit supragranular GABAB inhibition acting on a 300ms time scale to suppress sensory information. Consistency between model and MEG data supported this hypothesis and led to a further prediction, validated in our data, that stimuli are perceived when beta events occur simultaneously with tactile stimulation. The post-event suppressive mechanism explains an array of studies that associate beta with decreased processing, while the during-event mechanism may demand a reinterpretation of the role of beta events in the context of coincident timing.Significance statementSomatosensory beta events – transient 15-29Hz oscillations in electromagnetic recordings – are thought to be generated when “top-down” bursts of spikes presumably originating in higher-order thalamus arrive in upper layers of somatosensory cortex. Physiological evidence had shown that the immediate action of these top-down projections should be excitatory; however, after a beta event, sensory perception is noticeably inhibited for approximately 300ms. The source of this post-event sensory suppression, in particular, had been unresolved. Using a detailed computational model of somatosensory cortex, we find evidence for the hypothesis that these bursts couple indirectly to GABAB inhibition in upper layers of cortex, and that beta events first briefly disinhibit sensory relay before a longer period of inhibition.

scholarly journals Laminar recordings in frontal cortex suggest distinct layers for maintenance and control of working memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
André M. Bastos ◽  
Roman Loonis ◽  
Simon Kornblith ◽  
Mikael Lundqvist ◽  
Earl K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Connectivity Patterns ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
And Control ◽  
Laminar Specificity

All of the cerebral cortex has some degree of laminar organization. These different layers are composed of neurons with distinct connectivity patterns, embryonic origins, and molecular profiles. There are little data on the laminar specificity of cognitive functions in the frontal cortex, however. We recorded neuronal spiking/local field potentials (LFPs) using laminar probes in the frontal cortex (PMd, 8A, 8B, SMA/ACC, DLPFC, and VLPFC) of monkeys performing working memory (WM) tasks. LFP power in the gamma band (50–250 Hz) was strongest in superficial layers, and LFP power in the alpha/beta band (4–22 Hz) was strongest in deep layers. Memory delay activity, including spiking and stimulus-specific gamma bursting, was predominately in superficial layers. LFPs from superficial and deep layers were synchronized in the alpha/beta bands. This was primarily unidirectional, with alpha/beta bands in deep layers driving superficial layer activity. The phase of deep layer alpha/beta modulated superficial gamma bursting associated with WM encoding. Thus, alpha/beta rhythms in deep layers may regulate the superficial layer gamma bands and hence maintenance of the contents of WM.

scholarly journals Functional Use of Directional Local Field Potentials in Parkinson's Disease

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Telkes ◽  
Jennifer Durphy ◽  
Octavian Adam ◽  
Nataly Raviv ◽  
Julie G Pilitsis
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Spectral Dynamics ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Beta Power

Abstract INTRODUCTION One of the biggest limitations of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy is the stimulation induced side effects due to restricted size of functional areas in subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the proximity of structures. The segmented DBS lead technology aims to address this problem by delivering more selected, focal modulation via smaller, directional contacts. However, the DBS programming becomes more complex and time-consuming for clinical feasibility. Here in this pilot study, we investigated the spectral power distribution of directional local field potentials (LFPs) in STN and their relationship to motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD). METHODS We recorded 8-channel intraoperative LFPs in 9 PD patients at resting and during stimulation OFF. Power-frequency spectra were computed for all individual contacts and then grouped according to which anatomical directions they are facing. Beta (13-20 Hz/20-35 Hz) and alpha (7-12 Hz) band powers were calculated and their correlation to preoperative UPDRS-3 scores (51.7 ± 21.9 d before the DBS surgery) and the clinical programming were evaluated. RESULTS The average depth-frequency maps demonstrated different spectral dynamics across anterior, medial, and lateral directions. Patients with severe tremor compared to nontremor subjects showed higher beta power in anterior and lateral directions. Beta band power were positively correlated with the tremor severity and significantly correlated with clinical stimulation amplitude (mA) in anterior direction (P < .05). Correlation analysis between beta power and the other UPDRS-3 items such as bradykinesia/rigidity or postural instability and gait disturbance did not show clear trends towards a direction. CONCLUSION Given that testing all possible combinations of contact pairs and stimulation parameters is not feasible in a single clinic visit, spatio-spectral dynamics obtained from intraoperative recordings of LFPs might be used as an initial marker to select optimal contact (s). LFPs carry pathological signatures of PD and they might provide a functional use to predict optimal stimulation parameters in future. These features as well as higher frequency and cross-coupling dynamics of LFPs need to be studied in detail with larger subject populations.

Emotion and Brain Oscillations: High Arousal is Associated with Decreases in Alpha- and Lower Beta-Band Power

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schubring ◽  
Harald T Schupp
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional Stimulus ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Viewing Condition ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Picture Presentation ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Task Conditions

Abstract The study of brain oscillations associated with emotional picture processing has revealed conflicting findings. Although many studies observed a decrease in power in the alpha- and lower beta band, some studies observed an increase. Accordingly, the main aim of the present research series was to further elucidate whether emotional stimulus processing is related to an increase or decrease in alpha/beta power. In Study 1, participants (N = 16) viewed briefly presented (150 ms) high-arousing erotic and low-arousing people pictures. Picture presentation included a passive viewing condition and an active picture categorization task. Study 2 (N = 16) replicated Study 1 with negative valence stimuli (mutilations). In Study 3 (N = 18), stimulus materials of Study 1 and 2 were used. The main finding is that high-arousing pictures (erotica and mutilations) are associated with a decrease of power in the alpha/beta band across studies and task conditions. The effect peaked in occipitoparietal sensors between 400 and 800 ms after stimulus onset. Furthermore, a late (&gt;1000 ms) alpha/beta power increase to mutilation pictures was observed, possibly reflecting top–down inhibitory control processes. Overall, these findings suggest that brain oscillations in the alpha/beta-band may serve as a useful measure of emotional stimulus processing.

Effect of Ammonia on Nasal Resistance in Atopic and Nonatopic Subjects

1979 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McLean ◽  
K. P. Mathews ◽  
W. R. Solomon ◽  
P. R. Brayton ◽  
N. K. Bayne
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Small Change

Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was assessed from the slope of pressure-flow curves obtained during normal nasal breathing. Volunteers were classified as atopic or nonatopic according to strict criteria. 100 ppm NH3 was introduced into each nostril for periods ranging from 5 to 30 seconds with frequent NAR monitoring. A progressive increase in NAR responses was obtained with incremental NH3 exposures, but no significant difference was noted between the mean response of atopic and nonatopic subjects. Control exposures to compressed air under the same pressure generally produced only a small change in NAR, while aerosolized buffered saline increased NAR more than compressed air. The nasal response to NH3 was effectively inhibited by intranasal atropine administration but not by chlorpheniramine. The described procedure provides a safe and simple method for studying semiquantitatively the short-term effects of inhaled irritants on the nose.

Objective Assessment of the Breathe-Right Device during Exercise in Adult Males

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis G. Portugal ◽  
Rajeev H. Mehta ◽  
Bonnie E. Smith ◽  
Jaishiri B. Sabnani ◽  
Matthew J. Matava
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Group ◽  
Paradoxical Worsening

In order to improve nasal breathing during competition, many athletes recently have been wearing a spring-loaded, external nasal dilator referred to as the Breathe-Right device (BRD). Although there are many subjective claims that this device improves breathing during exercise, there are currently no controlled studies documenting its efficacy. To determine objectively whether the device improves the nasal airway, 20 subjects (10 Caucasian and 10 African-American) were studied during rest and after 15 minutes of exercise using anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry to measure changes in airway resistance and minimal cross-sectional area, respectively. We found that the BRD exerts its main effect in the region of the nasal valve improving the airway an overall 21% in our group of subjects. This anatomic improvement in nasal airway resulted in an overall 27% reduction in nasal resistance in the Caucasian group. However, in the African-American group, a wider range of resistance changes was observed with application of the BRD with significant improvement in nasal resistance in some subjects but paradoxical worsening in others. In the African-American group as a whole, no significant change in nasal resistance occured with application of the BRD. These measured differences are likely due to variations in nasal anatomy that exist not only between races but also between individuals within a given race. In addition, this study confirms the well known decongestant effects of exercise providing anatomic data with acoustic rhinometry not previously documented in the literature. Overall improvement in nasal airway seen with application of the BRD occured independent of these exercise-related decongestant effects.

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