scholarly journals Effects of biotin on promoting anammox bacterial activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinyu Li ◽  
Jinhui Chen ◽  
Guo-hua Liu ◽  
Xianglong Xu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria significantly improve the efficiency and reduce cost of nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants. However, their slow growth and vulnerable activity limit the application of anammox technology. In this paper, the enhancement of biotin on the nitrogen removal activity of anammox bacteria in short-term batch experiments was studied. We found that biotin played a significant role in promoting anammox activity within a biotin concentration range of 0.1–1.5 mg/L. At a biotin concentration of 1.0 mg/L, the total nitrogen removal rate (NRR) increased by 112%, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion and heme production significantly improved, and anammox bacterial biomass increased to maximum levels. Moreover, the predominant genus of anammox bacteria was Candidatus Brocadia.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature and salinity on microbial structure of marine anammox bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Awata ◽  
Katsuichiro Tanabe ◽  
Tomonori Kindaichi ◽  
Noriatsu Ozaki ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Anammox Activity

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a type of biological oxidation mediated by a group of Planctomycete-like bacteria. Members of the genus Candidatus Scalindua are mainly found in marine environments, but not exclusively. This group is cultured using different inoculums and conditions; however, its optimal growth conditions are not clear. Additionally, little information is known about the factors that influence the activity and the selection of a population of marine anammox bacteria. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of temperature and salinity on the marine anammox community. To accomplish this, an up-flow fixed-bed column reactor was operated, and quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes specific to dominant marine anammox bacteria was conducted. Anammox activity was observed at 20 and 30 °C, but not at 10 °C. A nitrogen removal rate of 0.32 kg TN m–3 day–1 was obtained at 20 °C. These results suggest that temperature affects the activity (nitrogen removal rate) of anammox bacteria, while salinity does not affect the activity in the marine anammox biofilm.

scholarly journals Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1706-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Oshiki ◽  
Masaki Shimokawa ◽  
Naoki Fujii ◽  
Hisashi Satoh ◽  
Satoshi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Rate Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg N m−3 day−1. The anammox bacteria were identified as representing ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’ on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 0.0041 h−1, corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (K s) for ammonium and nitrite of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ were 28±4 and 86±4 µM, respectively, higher than those of ‘Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans’ and ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25–45 °C and pH 6.5–8.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of nitrite (50 % inhibition at 16 mM), ethanol (91 % at 1 mM) and methanol (86 % at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70 % of baseline in the presence of 20 mM phosphorus and 3 % salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic carbon production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol NH 4 + )−1, respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.

scholarly journals Immobilization of Anammox biomass in sodium alginate

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Banach ◽  
Aneta Pudlo ◽  
Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a process of ammonium and nitrite conversion into nitrogen gas. Nowadays, anammox is applied into many wastewater treatment plants worldwide. However, anammox bacteria are characterized by a slow growth rate, which may cause problems in maintaining the biomass in the system. The promising technique which can help to maintain the biomass in the reactor and effectively prevent loss of anammox bacteria from a system is immobilization. Selection and optimization of the appropriate immobilization technique for investigated biomass is crucial for conducting an effective process. One of the ways for bacteria immobilization is gel entrapment. The main goal of the study was to test sodium alginate as an immobilization medium for anammox biomass. In the present study procedure of immobilization in sodium alginate was optimised, then the mechanical and chemical properties of the obtained pellets were investigated. Series of batch experiments revealed that immobilized anammox biomass was able to remove ammonia and nitrite nitrogen effectively. The calculated specific anammox activity (SAA) for immobilized anammox biomass was 0.18 g N·gVSS-1·d-1, while for non-immobilized biomass was 0.36 g N·gVSS-1·d-1.

scholarly journals Start-Up of Anammox SBR from Non-Specific Inoculum and Process Acceleration Methods by Hydrazine

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ivar Zekker ◽  
Oleg Artemchuk ◽  
Ergo Rikmann ◽  
Kelvin Ohimai ◽  
Gourav Dhar Bhowmick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Optimum Salinity ◽  
Anammox Process

Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5 °C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5–2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2–12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic–anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.

Enrichment of marine anammox bacteria from seawater-related samples and bacterial community study

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kawagoshi ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
K. Fujisaki ◽  
K. Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Waste Disposal Site

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel nitrogen pathway catalyzed by anammox bacteria which are obligate anaerobic chemoautotrophs. In this study, enrichment culture of marine anammox bacteria (MAAOB) from the samples related to seawater was conducted. Simultaneous removal of ammonium and nitrite was confirmed in continuous culture inoculated with sediment of a sea-based waste disposal site within 50 days. However, no simultaneous nitrogen removal was observed in cultures inoculated with seawater-acclimated denitrifying sludge or with muddy sediment of tideland even during 200 days. Nitrogen removal rate of 0.13 kg/m3/day was achieved at nitrogen loading rate of 0.16 kg/m3/day after 320th days in the culture inoculated with the sediment of waste disposal site. The nitrogen removal ratio between ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was 1:1.07. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis indicated that an abundance of the bacteria close to MAAOB and coexistence of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the culture.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal and functional bacteria distribution of ANAMMOX at ambient temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taotao Zeng ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Wei Liao ◽  
Wenxin Qiu ◽  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Palustris ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

In this study, an up-flow anaerobic biofilter (AF) was operated to investigate the efficiency of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) in treating low strength ammonia (46.5 mg/L) at ambient temperatures (20.3–23.2 °C). Microbial compositions and functional populations of the upper (140–190 cm), middle (40–140 cm), and lower (0–40 cm) parts of the biofilter were monitored using scanning electron microscopy, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), clone and sequence. The results show that stable biofilter performance was achieved with an average nitrogen removal rate of 2.26 kg/(m3·d) and a total nitrogen removal efficiency of 75.9%. Approximately 67% of the ammonia and nitrite disappeared in the middle part of the biofilter. The spherical bacteria, similar to ANAMMOX bacteria, dominated the middle part of the biofilter. There were eight bacterial DGGE bands; clone and sequence results showed that they included Oxalicibacterium sp., Ignavibacterium album, Bacterium rJ15, Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, Hippea maritima, Thioprofundum lithotrophica, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The genus of ANAMMOX bacterium remaining at constant levels in different parts of the biofilter was identified as Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. The AF bioreactor maintained high activity due to the ANAMMOX bacteria's ability to adapt to ambient temperature and low matrix influent conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrogen removal performance using anaerobic ammonium oxidation considering variable conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 003685042110334
Author(s):  
Junmin Wang ◽  
Lei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The anaerobic nitrogen removal performance of anammox at 30°C, 25°C, and 16°C were studied by using the UASB (Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor and the influent concentration of NH4+-N and NO2−-N were 16.9 and 20.6 mg L−1 respectively. Experimental results showed that high-efficiency anammox nitrogen removal could be achieved at 30°C, when hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 0.14 h, the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) was 5.73 kg N m−3 d−1. The anammox reactor operated stably for more than 80 days under the condition of 16°C–20°C, and the high NRR of 2.78 kg N m−3 d−1 was obtained. In this experiment, DO had little effect on the activity of anammox granular sludge, and the nitrogen removal performance could be quickly recovered in a short period of time after being affected by DO. Moreover, the stoichiometric ratio of NO2−-N and NH4+-N consumption (ΔNO2−-N/ΔNH4+-N) and the stoichiometric ratio of NO3−-N production and NH4+-N conversion (ΔNO3−-N/ΔNH4+-N) were 1.21 ± 0.11and 0.25 ± 0.06 respectively at 30°C, which were very close to the theoretical value, it indicated that anammox bacteria were the dominant bacteria at 30°C.

scholarly journals Impact of salinity on the performance and microbial community of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) using 16S rRNA High-throughput Sequencing technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
System Response ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Anammox Activity

Salinity is a key environmental factor for the successful application of anammox technology in wastewater treatment, because it impacts the activity and the community structure of anammox bacteria. In this study, the changes in activity and population shifts of an anammox system response to the elevated salt stress (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g NaCl/L) were studied. The results show that the anammox reactor performed effectively even at 30 g NaCl/L salinity after an appropriate acclimatization. The nitrogen removal rate maintained at 0.28 g N L-1d-1 with the nitrogen removal efficiency of 76%, though the high environmental salinity might inhibit the anammox growth in the long-term operation. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results revealed that Ca. Brocadia, Ca. Jettenia and Ca. Kuenenia were the dominant anammox bacteria at all salinities. Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia were quite sensitive to salinity, and 5 g NaCl/L dosing could cause a sharp decline in their abundance. Nevertheless, these three anammox genus finally survived in the system with a steady specific anammox activity of 0.13 g N g VSS-1d-1. Specially, a novel cluster, Brocadiaceae_unclassified, which possibly belongs to anammox bacteria, became the dominant genus at the salinity over 20 g NaCl/L and likely contributed partially to the nitrogen removals. Our findings elucidated the inherent link between community dynamics and anammox system performance and stability under salty environment, and proved that anammox technologies can be an effective technology for treatment of saline ammonia-rich wastewater.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Removal by a Nitritation-Anammox Bioreactor at Low Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2807-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziye Hu ◽  
Tommaso Lotti ◽  
Merle de Kreuk ◽  
Robbert Kleerebezem ◽  
Mark van Loosdrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation

ABSTRACTCurrently, nitritation-anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bioreactors are designed to treat wastewaters with high ammonium concentrations at mesophilic temperatures (25 to 40°C). The implementation of this technology at ambient temperatures for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater following carbon removal may lead to more-sustainable technology with energy and cost savings. However, the application of nitritation-anammox bioreactors at low temperatures (characteristic of municipal wastewaters except in tropical and subtropical regions) has not yet been explored. To this end, a laboratory-scale (5-liter) nitritation-anammox sequencing batch reactor was adapted to 12°C in 10 days and operated for more than 300 days to investigate the feasibility of nitrogen removal from synthetic pretreated municipal wastewater by the combination of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox. The activities of both anammox and AOB were high enough to remove more than 90% of the supplied nitrogen. Multiple aspects, including the presence and activity of anammox, AOB, and aerobic nitrite oxidizers (NOB) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, were monitored to evaluate the stability of the bioreactor at 12°C. There was no nitrite accumulation throughout the operational period, indicating that anammox bacteria were active at 12°C and that AOB and anammox bacteria outcompeted NOB. Moreover, our results showed that sludge from wastewater treatment plants designed for treating high-ammonium-load wastewaters can be used as seeding sludge for wastewater treatment plants aimed at treating municipal wastewater that has a low temperature and low ammonium concentrations.

Enrichment of Anammox Bacteria by a Sequencing Fed Biofilm Batch Reactor (SFBFBR)

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
De Xiang Liao ◽  
Peng Hao Su ◽  
Kai Liang Yang ◽  
Dao Lun Feng ◽  
Hua Huai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Operation Period

A sequencing fed biofilm batch reactor (SFBFBR) seeded with returning activated sludge of a WWTP was started up to enrich Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) bacteria and to investigate the nitrogen removal characterization of the Anammox biofilm system. Initially, the operation period was controlled at 3 days and the mineral medium (30 mg/l ammonium, 30 mg/l nitrite, about 2 L) was supplied continuously to SFBFBR in the first 68 hours. After 44 days’ cultivation, ammonium and nitrite concentration were decreased simultaneously without COD and DO, which means the anammox activity presented in the reactor. From t=55 days, in order to further enrich anammox bacteria, the substrate load began to increase by reducing the operation period from 3 days to 1 day and increasing the ammonium and nitrite concentrations. At the end of the experiment, the reactor was able to treat nitrogen loading rates up to 200±10 mg N/(L.d). The ammonium and nitrite reacted in the stoichiometrical of 1:1.135.

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