scholarly journals Influence of spatial structure on protein damage susceptibility: a bioinformatics approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Fichtner ◽  
Stefan Schuster ◽  
Heiko Stark
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Protein Damage ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
And Function ◽  
Thermophilic Organisms ◽  
Damage Susceptibility ◽  
Protein Shell

AbstractAging research is a very popular field of research in which the deterioration or decline of various physiological features is studied. Here we consider the molecular level, which can also have effects on the macroscopic level. The proteinogenic amino acids differ in their susceptibilities to non-enzymatic modification. Some of these modifications can lead to protein damage and thus can affect the form and function of proteins. For this, it is important to know the distribution of amino acids between the protein shell/surface and the core. This was investigated in this study for all known structures of peptides and proteins available in the PDB. As a result, it is shown that the shell contains less susceptible amino acids than the core with the exception of thermophilic organisms. Furthermore, proteins could be classified according to their susceptibility. This can then be used in applications such as phylogeny, aging research, molecular medicine, and synthetic biology.

scholarly journals Influence of spatial structure on protein damage susceptibility – A bioinformatics approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Fichtner ◽  
Stefan Schuster ◽  
Heiko Stark
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
The Core ◽  
Surface Shell ◽  
Functional States ◽  
Thermophilic Organisms ◽  
Damage Susceptibility ◽  
Gradual Transformation

AbstractAging research is a very popular field of research in which the gradual transformation of functional states into dysfunctional states are studied. Here we only consider the molecular level, which can also have effects on the macroscopic level. It is known that the proteinogenic amino acids differ in their modification susceptibilities and this can affect the function of proteins. For this it is important to know the distribution of amino acids between the protein surface/shell and the core. This was investigated in this study for all known structural data of peptides and proteins. As a result it is shown that the surface contains less susceptible amino acids than the core with the exception of thermophilic organisms. Furthermore, proteins could be classified according to their susceptibility. This can then be used in applications such as phylogeny, aging research, molecular medicine and synthetic biology.

Rescuing “That Tired Irregular Pearl from Such Lengthy Isolation”

2018 ◽  
pp. 242-258
Author(s):  
Molly A. Warsh
Keyword(s):  
Imperial Authority ◽  
Early American ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
The Core ◽  
Global Connections ◽  
American Experiment ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
And Function ◽  
Widespread Interest

The conclusion considers the enduring lessons of two centuries of continuity and change in pearl production and circulation. Two hundred years after the Caribbean pearl fisheries’ heyday, the widespread interest in the diversity of form and function that pearls had come to symbolize endured in the personal and imperial imagination. This early American experiment in wealth production honed the governing impulse to contain and categorize objects and subjects by their perceived nature. But neither pearls nor people could ever be easily or entirely controlled. Like pearls, people offer an infinitely varied expression of a single unifying identity and their subjective judgment—as evidenced in assessments of pearl’s value—remained beyond the purview of imperial authority. This essential independence of imagination is embodied by the baroque pearl transformed by a jeweler into exquisite art and the enduring utility of the term beyond pearls as a metaphor for unbounded and irregular expression. Even as many of pearls’ classical associations endured—their sensuality and their association with death, unnatural pairings, and maritime peril—the global connections forged in the post-Columbus years transformed the core of pearls’ identity from simplicity to multiplicity.

Platform Work and Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zachary Kilhoffer
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
And Function ◽  
Policy Proposals ◽  
Core Issues

Platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and Upwork have disrupted labor markets around the world. These platforms vary enormously in form and function, but generally contain three parts: digital platforms, which set the rules and intermediate communication and transactions between the other two parts, consumers and platform workers. Platform work is a diverse type of labor that developed around these platforms, and it has great potential to increase citizen participation. However, it is under intense scrutiny in light of widely publicized protests and court cases. This report attempts to disentangle the rhetoric surrounding platform work by discussing its emergence and conceptualization, key challenges, and how it may increase participation in the socio-economic sphere. The conclusion discusses how most policy proposals to regulate platform work fail to address the core issues, while potentially stifling innovative practices. Instead, the author suggests more tailored and proportionate regulatory responses.

Ultrastructure and function of digitiform sensilla on the labial palp of a larval elaterid (Coleoptera)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Zacharuk ◽  
P. J. Albert ◽  
F. W. Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Labial Palp ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Ultrastructure And Function ◽  
Surface Scan ◽  
And Function ◽  
Contact Chemoreceptor ◽  
Ctenicera Destructor

There are typically six elongate pegs positioned in longitudinal grooves in the outer walls of the distal segment of the labial palps of larvae of Ctenicera destructor (Brown). They are termed digitiform sensilla on the basis of their form and function. Each has a subapical pore typical of a contact chemoreceptor in surface scan, and a terminally branched dendrite but not the cuticular pores typical of a chemoreceptive porous hair. The dendritic terminations are encased by the dendritic sheath, the subapical pore is plugged in the wall of the peg, and there is only one innervating neuron, all of which are typical of a tactile mechanoreceptor. These pegs respond electrophysiologically to contact and vibratory stimuli, but not to the amino acids, sugars, salts, and water tested, nor to a changed pressure in the cephalic hemocoel.

Enhancing the Ave Maria in the Ars Antiqua

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL ALAN ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Gospel Of Luke ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
Devotional Life ◽  
Essential Contribution ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Evidence

ABSTRACTThe Ave Maria remains the most widely repeated prayer in Christian devotional life, and music has played a critical role in its formation and propagation. This article reviews the essential contribution of music in the dissemination of texts based on the original verses from the gospel of Luke, with new evidence concerning the tradition of affixing a petition to the core devotion. While the Ave Maria remained unfixed in form and function until the sixteenth century, this article presents three significant examples from the corpus of Ars Antiqua polyphony in which versions of the text that include both the biblical verses and a supplicatory conclusion are not only used, but are also emphasised through polyphonic techniques.

scholarly journals Journeys through the Golgi—taking stock in a new era

2009 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Emr ◽  
Benjamin S. Glick ◽  
Adam D. Linstedt ◽  
Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz ◽  
Alberto Luini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Protein Sorting ◽  
New Era ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recent Meeting ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
And Function ◽  
Core Issues

The Golgi apparatus is essential for protein sorting and transport. Many researchers have long been fascinated with the form and function of this organelle. Yet, despite decades of scrutiny, the mechanisms by which proteins are transported across the Golgi remain controversial. At a recent meeting, many prominent Golgi researchers assembled to critically evaluate the core issues in the field. This report presents the outcome of their discussions and highlights the key open questions that will help guide the field into a new era.

Areal perspectives on total reduplication of verbs in Sinitic

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 836-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio F. Arcodia ◽  
Bianca Basciano ◽  
Chiara Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Family ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sinitic Languages ◽  
Core Meaning

The topic of reduplication in Sinitic languages has attracted much attention in the literature, but studies adopting a comparative and areal perspective are still lacking. This paper aims to analyse the correlations between form and function in reduplicating constructions in a sample of twenty Sinitic languages, representing eight branches of the family, comparing them to a set of fourteen non-Sinitic languages of the East- and Southeast Asian area. We will show that the various semantic nuances conveyed by reduplicated verbs could be argued to derive from the core meaning of verbal reduplication as iteration of an event, either over a bounded or an unbounded timespan. On the structural level, a pervasive feature of reduplication lies in its compliance to strict requirements on the morphological makeup of the base. This holds especially in the case of the reduplication of disyllabic and bimorphemic verbs with increasing semantics, a consistent pattern across our sample.

scholarly journals The Strong Minimalist Thesis

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Robert Freidin
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Interface Conditions ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Additional Structure ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Structure Building ◽  
The Core ◽  
Computational Operation ◽  
And Function

This article reviews and attempts to evaluate the various proposals for a strong minimalist thesis that have been at the core of the minimalist program for linguistic theory since its inception almost three decades ago. These proposals have involved legibility conditions for the interface between language and the cognitive systems that access it, the simplest computational operation Merge (its form and function), and principles of computational efficiency (including inclusiveness, no-tampering, cyclic computation, and the deletion of copies). This evaluation attempts to demonstrate that reliance on interface conditions encounters serious long-standing problems for the analysis of language. It also suggests that the precise formulation of Merge may, in fact, subsume the effects of those principles of efficient computation currently under investigation and might possibly render unnecessary proposals for additional structure building operations (e.g., Pair-Merge and FormSequence).

Bonafide Substructure in the Core of Ferritin

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
William H. Massover
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Central Cavity ◽  
Amplitude Image ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Core ◽  
Hydrated Ferric Oxide ◽  
Imaging Artifact ◽  
Contrast Image ◽  
Protein Shell ◽  
Regular Patterns

Each molecule of ferritin (d = 130Å) contains a core of iron surrounded by a 24-subunit protein shell. The amount of iron stored is variable and is present within the central cavity (d = 80Å) as a hydrated ferric oxide equivalent to the mineral, ferrihydrite. Many early ultrastructural studies of ferritin detected regular patterns of a multiparticulate substructure in the iron-rich core [e.g., 3,4], Each small particle was termed a “micelle“; a theory became widely accepted that a core consisted of up to six micelles positioned at the vertices of an octahedron. Other workers recognized that the apparent micelles were smaller or even disappeared if images were recorded closer to exact focus [e.g., 5]. In 1969, Haydon clearly established that the observed substructure was really an imaging artifact; each apparent micelle was only a dot in the underfocused phase contrast image of the supporting film superimposed on the amplitude image of the strongly scattering metal.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

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