scholarly journals Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients in rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojisola C. Hosu ◽  
Sandeep D. Vasaikar ◽  
Grace E. Okuthe ◽  
Teke Apalata
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Patterns

AbstractThe proliferation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa represent a major public health threat. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa strains and characterized the ESBLs and Metallo- β-lactamases (MBL) produced. Strains of P. aeruginosa cultured from patients who attended Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and other clinics in the four district municipalities of the Eastern Cape between August 2017 and May 2019 were identified; antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out against thirteen clinically relevant antibiotics using the BioMérieux VITEK 2 and confirmed by Beckman autoSCAN-4 System. Real-time PCR was done using Roche Light Cycler 2.0 to detect the presence of ESBLs; blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes; and MBLs; blaIMP, blaVIM. Strains of P. aeruginosa demonstrated resistance to wide-ranging clinically relevant antibiotics including piperacillin (64.2%), followed by aztreonam (57.8%), cefepime (51.5%), ceftazidime (51.0%), piperacillin/tazobactam (50.5%), and imipenem (46.6%). A total of 75 (36.8%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were observed of the total pool of isolates. The blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was detected in 79.3%, 69.5% and 31.7% isolates (n = 82), respectively. The blaIMP was detected in 1.25% while no blaVIM was detected in any of the strains tested. The study showed a high rate of MDR P. aeruginosa in our setting. The vast majority of these resistant strains carried blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and strict compliance towards infection prevention and control practices are the best defence against spread of MDR P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-ProducingEscherichia coliamong Uropathogens of Pediatrics in North of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sadegh Rezai ◽  
Ebrahim Salehifar ◽  
Alireza Rafiei ◽  
Taimour Langaee ◽  
Mohammadreza Rafati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽  
North Of Iran

Escherichia coliremains as one of the most important bacteria causing infections in pediatrics and producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) making them resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. In this study we aimed to genotype ESBL-producingE. coliisolates from pediatric patients for ESBL genes and determine their association with antimicrobial resistance. One hundred of theE. coliisolates were initially considered ESBL producing based on their MIC results. These isolates were then tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence or absence ofCTX,TEM,SHV,GES, andVEBbeta-lactamase genes. About 30.5% of isolatedE. coliwas ESBL-producing strain. TheTEMgene was the most prevalent (49%) followed bySHV(44%),CTX(28%),VEB(8%), andGES(0%) genes. The ESBL-producingE. coliisolates were susceptible to carbapenems (66%) and amikacin (58%) and showed high resistance to cefixime (99%), colistin (82%), and ciprofloxacin (76%). In conclusion, carbapenems were the most effective antibiotics against ESBl-producingE. coliin urinary tract infection in North of Iran. The most prevalent gene is the TEM-type, but the other resistant genes and their antimicrobial resistance are on the rise.

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients attending Healthcare Facilities in Mthatha, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojisola C. Hosu ◽  
Sandeep D. Vasaikar ◽  
Grace E. Okuthe ◽  
teke apalata
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections most especially in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. This pathogen poses a public health threat due to its innate resistance to many antimicrobial agents and its ability to acquire new resistance mechanisms under pressure. Infections with Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)‑producing isolates result into outbreaks that lead to serious antibiotic management concerns with higher mortality and morbidity and significant economic causatives. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterized genetically the ESBLs and Metallo- β-lactamases (MBL) produced by this pathogen. Methods: Isolates of P. aeruginosa cultured from patients who attended Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and other clinics in the four district municipalities of the Eastern Cape between August 2017 and May 2019 were identified; and their antibiotic resistance patterns were tested against amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, doripenem, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and tobramycin using the bioMérieux VITEK® 2 and confirmed by Beckman autoSCAN-4 System. Real-time PCR was done using Roche Light Cycler 2.0 to detect the presence of ESBLs; blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes; and MBLs; blaIMP, blaVIM. Results: High antibiotic resistance in decreasing order was observed in piperacillin (64.2%), aztreonam (57.8%), cefepime (51.5%), ceftazidime (51.0%), piperacillin/tazobactam (50.5%), and imipenem (46.6%). A total of 75 (36.8%) multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were observed of the total pool of isolates. The blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was detected in 79.3%, 69.5% and 31.7% isolates (n=82), respectively. The blaIMP was detected in 1.25% while no blaVIM was detected in any of the isolates tested. Conclusions: The study showed a high rate of MDR P. aeruginosa in our setting. The vast majority of these resistant isolates carried blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and strict compliance towards infection prevention and control practices are the best defence against spread of MDR P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Coproduction of Extended Spectrum, AmpC and Metallo β- Lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Super Speciality Center

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 176-184
Author(s):  
Ashna Bhasin Poonam Loomba ◽  
Abha Sharma Bibhabati Mishra ◽  
Ashish Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the leading causes of hospital as well as community acquired infections. They’re strenuous to treat as most of isolates exhibit various degrees of beta- lactamase mediated resistance to majority of the beta-lactam antibiotics. Single isolate can express multiple β- lactamase enzymes, further limiting the treatment options. Therefore, this study was outlined to research the coexistence of various beta-lactamase enzymes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. The aim of the study was to detect the co-prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta lactmases (ESBL), AmpC and Metallo β-Lactamases (MBL) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a superspeciality center. Fifty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were tested for the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase, extended spectrum beta- lactamase (ESBL) and metallo beta-lactamase (MBL) enzyme. Discernment of AmpC beta-lactamase was performed by disk antagonism while ESBL detection was done by the combined disk diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and MBL were detected by the Imipenem EDTA disk potentiation test. Eleven of 50 (22%) isolates were confirmed to be positive for AmpC and Extended spectrum beta lactamases. Co-production of AmpC along side ESBL and MBL was reported in 12 % isolates. The study shows the high prevalence of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa producing beta-lactamase enzymes of diverse mechanisms. Consequently, formulation of a correct antibiotic policy and taking measures to restrict the indiscriminative use of cephalosporins and carbapenems should be taken to mitigate the emergence of this multiple beta-lactamase producing pathogens.

scholarly journals Prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacilli: A meta-analysis report in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Mengistu Abayneh ◽  
Teshale Worku
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacterial isolates have emerged as a global threat to human health. Little is known about the overall prevalence of multidrug resistance profile and ESBL-producing gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in Ethiopia. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to produce proportional estimates of multidrug resistance and ESBL-producing GNB in Ethiopia. A web-based search was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Scopus and other databases. Articles published till 2019 on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of ESBL-producing GNB in Ethiopia were included in the study. Relevant data were extracted and statistical analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.3.0 software. Publication bias was analyzed and presented with funnel plots. In this meta-analysis, the overall proportional estimate of ESBL-producing GNB was 48.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.402, 0.577). The pooled proportional estimates of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and other GNB were 61.8%, 41.2% and 42.9%, respectively. Regarding antimicrobial resistance profiles against selected drugs, the pooled proportional estimates of resistance against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, tetracycline, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was 79.0%, 78.4%, 78.0%, 72.4%, 72.7%, 58.9% and 43.8%, respectively. The pooled proportional estimates of MDR isolates were found to be 82.7% (95% CI: 0.726, 0.896), which are relatively high as compared to other countries. This highlights a need for active surveillance systems which can help understand the actual epidemiology of ESBL, aid in formulating national guidelines for proper screening of ESBL and support developing standardized approaches for managing patients colonized with ESBL

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization and Phylogenomic Investigation of 19 Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Positive Escherichia coli Strains Collected From Hospital Patients in Benin in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Laurence Yehouenou ◽  
Bert Bogaerts ◽  
Sigrid C. J. De Keersmaecker ◽  
Nancy H. C. Roosens ◽  
Kathleen Marchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum

The increasing worldwide prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli constitutes a serious threat to global public health. Surgical site infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in developing countries, fueled by the limited availability of effective antibiotics. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to evaluate antimicrobial resistance and the phylogenomic relationships of 19 ESBL-positive E. coli isolates collected from surgical site infections in patients across public hospitals in Benin in 2019. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and phenotypically tested for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics. Core-genome multi-locus sequence typing and single-nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenomic methods were used to investigate the relatedness between samples. The broader phylogenetic context was characterized through the inclusion of publicly available genome data. Among the 19 isolates, 13 different sequence types (STs) were observed, including ST131 (n = 2), ST38 (n = 2), ST410 (n = 2), ST405 (n = 2), ST617 (n = 2), and ST1193 (n = 2). The blaCTX-M-15 gene encoding ESBL resistance was found in 15 isolates (78.9%), as well as other genes associated with ESBL, such as blaOXA-1 (n = 14) and blaTEM-1 (n = 9). Additionally, we frequently observed genes encoding resistance against aminoglycosides [aac-(6')-Ib-cr, n = 14], quinolones (qnrS1, n = 4), tetracyclines [tet(B), n = 14], sulfonamides (sul2, n = 14), and trimethoprim (dfrA17, n = 13). Nonsynonymous chromosomal mutations in the housekeeping genes parC and gyrA associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones were also detected in multiple isolates. Although the phylogenomic investigation did not reveal evidence of hospital-acquired transmissions, we observed two very similar strains collected from patients in different hospitals. By characterizing a set of multidrug-resistant isolates collected from a largely unexplored environment, this study highlights the added value for WGS as an effective early warning system for emerging pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients attending Healthcare Facilities in Mthatha, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojisola C. Hosu ◽  
Sandeep D. Vasaikar ◽  
Grace E. Okuthe ◽  
teke apalata
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections most especially in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. This pathogen poses a public health threat due to its innate resistance to many antimicrobial agents and its ability to acquire new resistance mechanisms under pressure. Infections with Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing isolates result into outbreaks that lead to serious antibiotic management concerns with higher mortality and morbidity and significant economic causatives. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterized genetically the ESBLs and Metallo- β-lactamases (MBL) produced by this pathogen. Methods Isolates of P. aeruginosa cultured from patients who attended Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and other clinics in the four district municipalities of the Eastern Cape between August 2017 and May 2019 were identified; and their antibiotic resistance patterns were tested against amikacin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, doripenem, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and tobramycin using the bioMérieux VITEK® 2 and confirmed by Beckman autoSCAN-4 System. Real-time PCR was done using Roche Light Cycler 2.0 to detect the presence of ESBLs; blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes; and MBLs; blaIMP, blaVIM. Results High antibiotic resistance in decreasing order was observed in piperacillin (64.2%), aztreonam (57.8%), cefepime (51.5%), ceftazidime (51.0%), piperacillin/tazobactam (50.5%), and imipenem (46.6%). A total of 75 (36.8%) multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates were observed of the total pool of isolates. The blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M was detected in 79.3%, 69.5% and 31.7% isolates (n=82), respectively. The blaIMP was detected in 1.25% while no blaVIM was detected in any of the isolates tested. Conclusions The study showed a high rate of MDR P. aeruginosa in our setting. The vast majority of these resistant isolates carried blaTEM and blaSHV genes. Continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance and strict compliance towards infection prevention and control practices are the best defence against spread of MDR P. aeruginosa.

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