iTRAQ-based proteome profiling revealed the role of Phytochrome A in regulating primary metabolism in tomato seedling

AbstractIn plants, during growth and development, photoreceptors monitor fluctuations in their environment and adjust their metabolism as a strategy of surveillance. Phytochromes (Phys) play an essential role in plant growth and development, from germination to fruit development. FR-light (FR) insensitive mutant (fri) carries a recessive mutation in Phytochrome A and is characterized by the failure to de-etiolate in continuous FR. Here we used iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics along with metabolomics to unravel the role of Phytochrome A in regulating central metabolism in tomato seedlings grown under FR. Our results indicate that Phytochrome A has a predominant role in FR-mediated establishment of the mature seedling proteome. Further, we observed temporal regulation in the expression of several of the late response proteins associated with central metabolism. The proteomics investigations identified a decreased abundance of enzymes involved in photosynthesis and carbon fixation in the mutant. Profound accumulation of storage proteins in the mutant ascertained the possible conversion of sugars into storage material instead of being used or the retention of an earlier profile associated with the mature embryo. The enhanced accumulation of organic sugars in the seedlings indicates the absence of photomorphogenesis in the mutant.

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Arabidopsis PPC2 is crucial for growth at low CO2 by involvement in photorespiratory metabolism and integration of ABI5

10.1101/764589 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lei You ◽

Jumei Zhang ◽

Long Li ◽

Chuanlei Xiao ◽

Xinhua Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Growth Arrest ◽

Primary Metabolism ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Primary Metabolites ◽

Low Co2 ◽

Oxygen Conditions ◽

Aba Biosynthesis

AbstractPhosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a pivotal enzyme that plays a key role in photosynthetic CO2 fixation in C4. However, the function of C3 PEPCs and their roles at environmental CO2 changes are still limited. Here, we report the role of PPC2 in seedling growth at low CO2 by linking photorespiratory metabolism with primary metabolism and involvement of ABA and ABI5. Mutation of PPC2 caused seedling growth arrest, with reduced Fv/Fm, photosynthetic carbohydrates and ABA biosynthesis at low CO2. PPC2 is induced by low CO2 and the PEPC activity was greatly reduced in ppc2 leaves. Moreover, metabolic analyses showed the photorespiratory intermediates, glycine and serine, were greatly increased and primary metabolites were reduced. Application of sucrose, malate and ABA greatly rescued the growth arrest phenotype of ppc2. The expression of glycine/serine synthesis and metabolism related photorespiratory enzyme genes were decreased in ppc2 and regulated by ABI5 at low CO2 conditions. ppc2 and abi5 mature plants exhibited reduced A-Ci curves at relatively low CO2, which could be recovered by non-photorespiratory low oxygen conditions. ABI5 expression greatly rescued the growth arrest and A-Ci curves of ppc2 at low CO2. Our findings demonstrate the important role of C3 PEPCs in carbon fixation and metabolism.

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Role of chromium (III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp3.02.056 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

R. Iskra ◽

V. Vlizlo ◽

R. Fedoruk

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Metabolic Effect ◽

Considerable Part ◽

Cultural Medium ◽

Milk Performance ◽

Chromium Compounds ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Sources

The results of our studies and the data of modern literature regarding the biological role of Cr(III) compounds in conditions of their application in the nutrition for pigs and cattle are discussed. The metabolic impact of Cr(III), coming from different sources – mineral and organic compounds, obtained by chemical synthesis or a nanotechnological method (chromium citrate), as well as in the form of biocomplexes from the cultural medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts was analyzed. The metabolic connection between the impact of Cr(III) and the biosynthesis of some hormones – insulin, cortisol – as well as the sensitivity of some tissues and organs to the effect of chromium compounds was studied. A considerable part of the review material was dedicated to the metabolic effect of Cr(III) compounds on the reproductive function of pigs and cattle and their impact on the viability of the offspring and gametes of animals. The data about the stimulating effect of Cr(III) on the growth and development of the organism of piglets and calves, meat and milk performance of these species of animals are discussed. The relevance of dosing Cr(III) in the nutrition of pigs and cattle is highlighted.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Major role of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in dark ocean carbon fixation.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.732155146.793545293 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jed Fuhrman

Keyword(s):

Carbon Fixation ◽

Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Ocean Carbon

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The Role of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Breast Cancer Growth and Development

The Open Nutraceuticals Journal ◽

10.2174/1876396001003020030 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 30-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danielle L. Amaru ◽

Patricia D. Biondo ◽

Catherine J. Field

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Linoleic Acid ◽

Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Cancer Growth ◽

Breast Cancer Growth

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Defensive Role of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites: Indole and Its’ Derivatives

Current Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/2211550109999200728153839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 78-88

Author(s):

Mulugeta Mulat ◽

Raksha Anand ◽

Fazlurrahman Khan

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Functional Role ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Indole Derivatives ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Insect Attack

The diversity of indole concerning its production and functional role has increased in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. The bacterial species produce indole and use it as a signaling molecule at interspecies, intraspecies, and even at an interkingdom level for controlling the capability of drug resistance, level of virulence, and biofilm formation. Numerous indole derivatives have been found to play an important role in the different systems and are reported to occur in various bacteria, plants, human, and plant pathogens. Indole and its derivatives have been recognized for a defensive role against pests and insects in the plant kingdom. These indole derivatives are produced as a result of the breakdown of glucosinolate products at the time of insect attack or physical damages. Apart from the defensive role of these products, in plants, they also exhibit several other secondary responses that may contribute directly or indirectly to the growth and development. The present review summarized recent signs of progress on the functional properties of indole and its derivatives in different plant systems. The molecular mechanism involved in the defensive role played by indole as well as its’ derivative in the plants has also been explained. Furthermore, the perspectives of indole and its derivatives (natural or synthetic) in understanding the involvement of these compounds in diverse plants have also been discussed.

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Shoot–root carbon allocation, sugar signalling and their coupling with nitrogen uptake and assimilation

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp15249 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lu Wang ◽

Yong-Ling Ruan

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Carbon Allocation ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Shoot Development ◽

Long Distance ◽

Root Carbon ◽

Organ Systems ◽

New Findings ◽

Sugar Signalling

Roots and shoots are distantly located but functionally interdependent. The growth and development of these two organ systems compete for energy and nutrient resource, and yet, they keep a dynamic balance with each other for growth and development. The success of such a relationship depends on efficient root-shoot communication. Aside from the well-known signalling processes mediated by hormones such as auxin and cytokinin, sugars have recently been shown to act as a rapid signal to co-ordinate root and shoot development in response to endogenous and exogenous clues, in parallel to their function as carbon and energy resources for biomass production. New findings from studies on vascular fluids have provided molecular insights into the role of sugars in long-distance communications between shoot and root. In this review, we discussed phloem- and xylem- translocation of sugars and the impacts of sugar allocation and signalling on balancing root–shoot development. Also, we have taken the shoot–root carbon–nitrogen allocation as an example to illustrate the communication between the two organs through multi-layer root–shoot–root signalling circuits, comprising sugar, nitrogen, cytokinin, auxin and vascular small peptide signals.

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