scholarly journals Epidemiologic Trends of Infants With Orofacial Clefts in a Multiethnic Country: A Retrospective Population-based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Yow ◽  
Aizhen Jin ◽  
George SH Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Associated Malformations

Abstract Objectives: To establish the population-based prevalence and trends of cleft live births, evaluate associated malformations and infant mortality rate (IMR), and delineate the orofacial cleft (OFC) topography, ethnic and gender-specific features of the resident-population in Singapore from 2003 to 2012. Cleft-births surveillance and data of affected individuals, families, ethnic groups, locations and environment are essential in upstream healthcare planning. Well-informed decisions supported by data are all-important in health policies.Methods: Resident population-based data were compiled from the National Birth Defects Registry (NBDR). The Registry’s data was established from multiple sources: cytogenetics and histopathology laboratories, neonatal wards and maternity hospitals, medi-claims, birth defects, death certificates with reported congenital anomalies, stillbirths and abortuses (spontaneous and elective). The significance level of trend testing was set at p<0.05.Results: Prevalence per 10 000 for all cleft live births was 16.72; isolated clefts with no associated malformations, cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip with cleft palate were 8.77, 6.85, 3.16, and 6.71, respectively. Prevalence in cleft live births was sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific: Male, 17.72; Female, 15.78; Chinese group, 17.17; Malay group, 16.92; Indian group, 10.74; and mixed ethnicity group, 21.73. Infants with isolated clefts, non-isolated clefts with other malformations, and syndromic clefts were 52.5%, 42.1%, and 5.4%, respectively. Upward trend in infants with non-isolated clefts was significant (p=0.0287). The mortality rate in infants with clefts was 4.76%.Conclusions: The population-based prevalence for cleft live births was 16.72 per 10 000 with no significant upward trend. Co-occurrence of malformations and syndromes was found in almost half of all cleft live births. The IMR of infants with OFC was double that of the population norm.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic trends of infants with orofacial clefts in a multiethnic country: a retrospective population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Yow ◽  
Aizhen Jin ◽  
George Seow Heong Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Upward Trend ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

AbstractCleft births surveillance is essential in healthcare and prevention planning. Data are needed in precision medicine to target upstream management for at-risk individuals. This study characterizes Singapore’s population-based orofacial cleft topography by ethnicity and gender, and establishes the cleft cohort’s infant mortality rate. Data, in the decade 2003 to 2012, were extracted by the National Birth Defects Registry. Trend testing by linear regression was at p < 0.05 significance level. Prevalence per 10,000 for population-based cleft live births was 16.72 with no significant upward trend (p = 0.317). Prevalence rates were 8.77 in the isolated cleft group, 7.04 in the non-isolated cleft group, and 0.91 in the syndromic cleft group. There was significant upward trend in infants with non-isolated clefts (p = 0.0287). There were no significant upward trends in infants with isolated clefts and syndromic clefts. Prevalence rates were sexually dimorphic and ethnic-specific: male 17.72; female 15.78; Chinese group 17.17; Malay group 16.92; Indian group 10.74; and mixed ethnic origins group 21.73. The overall infant mortality rate (IMR) was 4.8% in the cohort of 608 cleft births, which was more than double the population-based IMR of 2.1% in the same period. Infants with non-isolated and syndromic clefts accounted for 96.6% of the deaths.

Prevalence of Cleft Lip/Palate in the Fangshan District of Beijing, 2006-2012

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1296-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfen Yang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ruixin Ma ◽  
Lei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Obstetric Services ◽  
Permanent Residents ◽  
Beijing China

Objective: To estimate the cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) prevalence among births between 2006 and 2012 in Fangshan district of Beijing, China. Design: Surveillance data analysis. Setting: All hospitals that provide obstetric services in the district. Patients: The CL/P cases presented for this report were from 13 weeks’ gestation to 7 days postpartum. Main Outcome Measures: The CL/P prevalence was defined as the number of cases per 10 000 births, including live births and stillbirths at 28 weeks’ gestation or beyond. Results: The overall CL/P prevalence was 18.9 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.1-22.7) per 10 000 births. From 2006 to 2012, the CL/P prevalence was 19.3, 20.2, 10.9, 16.1, 17.5, 25.4, and 22.3 per 10 000 births; annually, no significant change was noted ( Pfor trend = .311). The prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip, and cleft lip and palate were 3.4 (95% CI: 2.0-5.4), 6.2 (95% CI: 4.2-8.8), and 9.4 (95% CI: 6.9-12.4) per 10 000 births, respectively. The CL/P prevalence among the nonpermanent residents (31.4 per 10 000 births) was 2.31 times that of permanent residents (13.6 per 10 000 births). Among nonpermanent residents, the CL/P prevalence showed an upward trend over the study period ( Pfor trend = .036), that increased from 38.8 (95% CI: 16.5-76.6) per 10 000 births in 2006 to 54.6 (95% CI: 25.7-100.4) per 10 000 births in 2012. Conclusions: The overall CL/P prevalence was stable in the Fangshan district. However, the CL/P prevalence of the nonpermanent residents increased significantly.

Birth Defect Co-Occurrence Patterns Among Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110100
Author(s):  
Maria Luisa Navarro Sanchez ◽  
Renata H. Benjamin ◽  
Laura E. Mitchell ◽  
Peter H. Langlois ◽  
Mark A. Canfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Birth Defect ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Developmental Mechanisms ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Population Based Registry

Objective: To investigate 2- to 5-way patterns of defects co-occurring with orofacial clefts using data from a population-based registry. Design: We used data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry for deliveries between 1999 and 2014 to Texas residents, including 1884 cases with cleft palate (CP) and 5289 cases with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) without a known syndrome. We identified patterns of defects co-occurring with CP and with CL±P observed more frequently than would be expected if these defects occurred independently. We calculated adjusted observed-to-expected ( O/ E) ratios to account for the known tendency of birth defects to cluster nonspecifically. Results: Among infants without a syndrome, 23% with CP and 21% with CL±P had at least 1 additional congenital anomaly. Several combinations of defects were observed much more often than expected. For example, the combination of CL±P, congenital hydrocephaly, anophthalmia, and other nose anomalies had an O/ E ratio of 605. For both CP and CL±P, co-occurrence patterns with the highest O/ E ratios involved craniofacial and brain abnormalities, and many included the skeletal, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Conclusions: The patterns of defects we observed co-occurring with clefts more often than expected may help improve our understanding of the relationships between multiple defects. Further work to better understand some of the top defect combinations could reveal new phenotypic subgroups and increase our knowledge of the developmental mechanisms that underlie the respective defects.

Asian Oral-Facial Cleft Birth Prevalence

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Cooper ◽  
Jessica S. Ratay ◽  
Mary L. Marazita
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Apparent Reason

Objective: To determine the clefting birth prevalence among Asian populations, specifically Chinese and Japanese, using raw counts from nonoverlapping published studies of Asian populations, and to investigate whether Asian clefting rates have been interpreted accurately as being up to twice the Caucasian rate. Design: A literature review of articles giving raw counts of clefting in Asian populations, primarily Japanese and Chinese. Main Outcome Measures: Where possible, clefts were identified by the patients’ ethnicity, country of origin, cleft type, syndromic status, and birth status. Results: Prevalence rates of cleft lip with or without cleft palate per 1000 live births are reported. Syndromic plus nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Chinese, 1.30; Japanese, 1.34; Other Asian, 1.47; and total, 1.33. Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate: Chinese, 1.20; Japanese, 1.18; Other Asian, 1.22; and total, 1.19. Conclusions: Overall, Chinese and Japanese live birth prevalence rates for nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate, based on the published reports of birth prevalence, are significantly lower than the oft-quoted rate of 2 per 1000 for Asians. The apparent reason for the discrepancy is that many published prevalence rates included all pregnancies (live births plus pregnancy losses) and do not distinguish between syndromic and nonsyndromic clefts or between cleft palate alone and cleft lip with or without cleft palate. These results demonstrate that it is extremely important for current population-based studies of clefts to include careful delineation of population groups, syndromes, cleft type, and birth status.

scholarly journals Folic acid supplements and risk for oral clefts in the newborn: a population-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trude Gildestad ◽  
Tone Bjørge ◽  
Stein Emil Vollset ◽  
Kari Klungsøyr ◽  
Roy Miodini Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Oral Clefts ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Relative Risks

AbstractResults from previous studies on maternal folic acid intake and infant oral clefts are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between women’s use of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements and the risk for oral cleft in the newborn. We used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway based on all births in Norway from 1999 to 2013. A total of 528 220 women had 880 568 pregnancies, resulting in 896 674 live births and stillbirths, of which 1623 had oral clefts (isolated oral clefts, n 1311; non-isolated oral clefts, n 312). Altogether, 21·5 % of women were vitamin supplement users before pregnancy. The birth prevalence of oral clefts was 1·81/1000 live births and stillbirths. Relative risks (RR) were estimated with log-binomial regression. For pregnancies with maternal use of vitamins, the adjusted RR for clefts overall was 0·90 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·04). The adjusted RR for cleft palate only (n 586) was 0·84 (95 % CI 0·66, 1·06) and that for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (n 1037) was 0·94 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·13). Associations were stronger for cleft cases that occurred in combination with other malformations (adjusted RR 0·63; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·88), although vitamin supplements provided no protection against isolated clefts (adjusted RR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·15). In conclusion, our study demonstrates no statistically significant association between vitamin use and isolated oral clefts. However, we found lower risk for oral clefts that occurred in combination with other malformations.

An Epidemiologic Study of Isolated Cleft Lip, Palate, or Both in Victoria, Australia from 1983 to 2000

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda D. Vallino-Napoli ◽  
Merilyn M. Riley ◽  
Jane Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Cleft Lip Palate ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective To report the epidemiological characteristics of isolated cleft lip, cleft palate or both (CL ± P and CP) using population-based data in Victoria, Australia. Design Descriptive study of a cohort of children born between 1983 and 2000 notified to the Victorian Birth Defects Register by multiple ascertainment sources. Participants Data were collected on patients identified with CL ± P and CP without associated defects classified as live births, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and terminated pregnancies < 20 weeks’ gestation following prenatal identification. Information was collected on sex, plurality, maternal age, and country of birth. Results The overall prevalence (per 10,000 pregnancies) of CL ± P was 7.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.30, 8.33; cleft lip [CL] 3.3; 95% CI = 2.97, 3.65, CL+P 4.5; 95% CI = 4.13, 4.91) and cleft palate (CP), 4.3 (95% CI = 3.89, 4.66). The prevalence of CL + P was higher among stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and terminated pregnancies than CL (without CP) and CP. Boys were at greater risk than girls for CL ± P and girls at greater risk than boys for CP. Regardless of cleft type, there was a nonsignificant excess of clefts among singleton births than multiple births and no related effects of maternal age or country of birth. Conclusions The prevalence of isolated CL ± P and CP in Victoria parallels other population-based studies of the same conditions. Inclusion of stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and terminations had little impact on rates. The effect of sex and plurality on cleft type is consistent with the literature, but the effects of maternal age and country of birth remain equivocal. Further studies focusing on certain ethnic groups are warranted to explain the higher rates observed.

Maternal occupation as a nail technician or hairdresser during pregnancy and birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107561
Author(s):  
Miriam R Siegel ◽  
Carissa M Rocheleau ◽  
Kendra Broadwater ◽  
Albeliz Santiago-Colón ◽  
Candice Y Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Maternal Occupation ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

ObjectiveNail technicians and hairdressers may be exposed to chemicals with potential reproductive effects. While studies have examined birth defects in children of hairdressers, those in children of nail technicians have not been evaluated. We investigated associations between selected birth defects and maternal occupation as a nail technician or hairdresser versus a non-cosmetology occupation during pregnancy.MethodsWe analysed population-based case–control data from the multisite National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997–2011. Cases were fetuses or infants with major structural birth defects; controls were live-born infants without major birth defects. Expert raters classified self-reported maternal jobs as nail technician, combination nail technician-hairdresser, hairdresser, other cosmetology work or non-cosmetology work. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for associations between occupation during pregnancy and birth defects, controlling for age, smoking, education and race/ethnicity.ResultsSixty-one mothers worked as nail technicians, 196 as hairdressers, 39 as combination nail technician-hairdressers and 42 810 as non-cosmetologists. The strongest associations among nail technicians included seven congenital heart defect (CHD) groups (ORs ranging from 2.7 to 3.5) and neural tube defects (OR=2.6, CI=0.8 to 8.4). Birth defects most strongly associated with hairdressing included anotia/microtia (OR=2.1, CI=0.6 to 6.9) and cleft lip with cleft palate (OR=2.0, CI=1.1 to 3.7). All oral cleft groups were associated with combination nail technician-hairdresser work (ORs ranging from 4.2 to 5.3).ConclusionsSmall samples resulted in wide CIs. Still, results suggest associations between maternal nail technician work during pregnancy and CHDs and between hairdressing work and oral clefts.

scholarly journals Infant mortality: comparison between two birth cohorts from Southeast and Northeast, Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdinar S Ribeiro ◽  
Antônio A M Silva ◽  
Marco A Barbieri ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Vânia M F Aragão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births

OBJECTIVE: To obtain population estimates and profile risk factors for infant mortality in two birth cohorts and compare them among cities of different regions in Brazil. METHODS: In Ribeirão Preto, southeast Brazil, infant mortality was determined in a third of hospital live births (2,846 singleton deliveries) in 1994. In São Luís, northeast Brazil, data were obtained using systematic sampling of births stratified by maternity unit (2,443 singleton deliveries) in 1997-1998. Mothers answered standardized questionnaires shortly after delivery and information on infant deaths was retrieved from hospitals, registries and the States Health Secretarys' Office. The relative risk (RR) was estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: In São Luís, the infant mortality rate was 26.6/1,000 live births, the neonatal mortality rate was 18.4/1,000 and the post-neonatal mortality rate was 8.2/1,000, all higher than those observed in Ribeirão Preto (16.9, 10.9 and 6.0 per 1,000, respectively). Adjusted analysis revealed that previous stillbirths (RR=3.67 vs 4.13) and maternal age <18 years (RR=2.62 vs 2.59) were risk factors for infant mortality in the two cities. Inadequate prenatal care (RR=2.00) and male sex (RR=1.79) were risk factors in São Luís only, and a dwelling with 5 or more residents was a protective factor (RR=0.53). In Ribeirão Preto, maternal smoking was associated with infant mortality (RR=2.64). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to socioeconomic inequalities, differences in access to and quality of medical care between cities had an impact on infant mortality rates.

scholarly journals PELAYANAN DAN FASILITAS KESEHATAN, BIAYA PERSALINAN, DAN KEBIJAKAN DI TEMPAT BERSALIN MEMPENGARUHI IBU DALAM MEMILIH TEMPAT BERSALIN DI KELURAHAN KEMIRI MUKA, KECAMATAN BEJI, DEPOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Nourmayansa Vidya ◽  
Efa Apriyanti ◽  
Ayunda Nia Agustina ◽  
Maharaufa Fathmanda
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Return Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Birth Place ◽  
Chisquare Test

  ABSTRAK Salah satu indicator derajat kesehatan suatu Negara adalah angka kematian ibu dan bayi. 52.4% ibu-ibu di Indonesia memiliki akses ke pelayanan maternal. Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia tahun 2008 menurut Survei Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia adalah 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup, jauh dari target yang seharusnya yaitu 110 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor berhubungan dengan keputusan ibu memilih tempat bersalin, diantaranya adalah pelayanan kesehatan, fasilitas kesehatan, biaya persalinan, dan kebijakan di tempat bersalin. Sample penelitian adalah ibu-ibu yang berada di kelurahan Kemiri Muka – Depok berjumlah 125 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan Return rate = 100%. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross sectional dan analisa data univariat menggunakan distribusi frekuensi serta bivariat menggunakan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan bermakna antara dan fasilitas kesehatan (p Value = 0.033; = 0.05) dengan pilihan tempat bersalin. Kata Kunci: faktor, ibu, Kemiri Muka, pemilihan tempat bersalin   ABSTRACT One indicator of a country's health status is the maternal and infant mortality rate. 52.4% of mothers in Indonesia have access to maternal services. Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia in 2008 according to the Demographic Health Survey of Indonesia is 307 per 100,000 live births, its far from the supposed target of 110 per 100,000 live births. The general objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with mother's decision when choosing a birth place, including the choice of giving birth. The factors that affect mother's decision when choosing a birth place are characteristic of the respondents and distance delivery and home place. Research sample is mothers residing in RW 03 Kelurahan Kemiri Muka - Depok totaling 125 people. This study uses a questionnaire and return rate = 100%. This study uses cross sectional data analysis using univariate and bivariate frequency distribution using the chisquare test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between respondent’s education (p-value = 0.009; = 0.05), the husband's income & (pvalue = 0.046; = 0.05), and health facilities (p -value = 0.033; = 0.05) with a choice of place of birth. Key words: factor, mother, Kemiri Muka, choosing a birth place

scholarly journals Features of machine learning in the study of the main factors of development of countries of the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Ludmila Borisova ◽  
Galina Zhukova ◽  
Anna Kuznetsova ◽  
Julie Martin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
The World

The paper analyzes the socio-economic and demographic indicators of life expectancy in the countries of the world. Methods of regression analysis and machine learning are used. Statistically significant indicators that affect life expectancy around the world have been identified. When analyzing the data using machine learning methods, 13 of the 14 analyzed indicators were statistically significant. Significant indicators, in addition to those selected in the regression analysis, were 3: the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), the Net Barter Terms of Trade Index (2000 = 100), and Imports of goods and services (in % of GDP) (in the regression analysis, only the infant death rate was significant). In addition, it should be noted that there is a significant decrease in the under-five infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) for the EU, CIS and South-East Asian countries compared to the border set in the study for all countries: 4.65 vs. 34.9, a decrease in the birth rate from 2.785 to 1.85, a sharp increase in exports of goods and services: from 23.17 to 80.59, a halving in imports of goods and services, a drop in population growth from 2.105 to 0.85. The performed statistical analysis strongly supports the use of machine learning methods in identifying statistically significant relationships between various indicators that characterize the development of countries, if there are gaps in the data.

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