scholarly journals Development and virtual validation of a novel digital workflow to rehabilitate palatal defects by using smartphone-integrated stereophotogrammetry (SPINS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taseef Hasan Farook ◽  
Nafij Bin Jamayet ◽  
Jawaad Ahmed Asif ◽  
Abdul Sattar Din ◽  
Muhammad Nasiruddin Mahyuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Medical Software ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Standard Laser

AbstractPalatal defects are rehabilitated by fabricating maxillofacial prostheses called obturators. The treatment incorporates taking deviously unpredictable impressions to facsimile the palatal defects into plaster casts for obturator fabrication in the dental laboratory. The casts are then digitally stored using expensive hardware to prevent physical damage or data loss and, when required, future obturators are digitally designed, and 3D printed. Our objective was to construct and validate an economic in-house smartphone-integrated stereophotogrammetry (SPINS) 3D scanner and to evaluate its accuracy in designing prosthetics using open source/free (OS/F) digital pipeline. Palatal defect models were scanned using SPINS and its accuracy was compared against the standard laser scanner for virtual area and volumetric parameters. SPINS derived 3D models were then used to design obturators by using (OS/F) software. The resultant obturators were virtually compared against standard medical software designs. There were no significant differences in any of the virtual parameters when evaluating the accuracy of both SPINS, as well as OS/F derived obturators. However, limitations in the design process resulted in minimal dissimilarities. With further improvements, SPINS based prosthetic rehabilitation could create a viable, low cost method for rural and developing health services to embrace maxillofacial record keeping and digitised prosthetic rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Accessing 3D Printed Vascular Phantoms for Procedural Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasamine Coles-Black ◽  
Damien Bolton ◽  
Jason Chuen
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Endovascular Procedures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Ct Angiogram ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
3D Printed

Introduction: 3D printed patient-specific vascular phantoms provide superior anatomical insights for simulating complex endovascular procedures. Currently, lack of exposure to the technology poses a barrier for adoption. We offer an accessible, low-cost guide to producing vascular anatomical models using routine CT angiography, open source software packages and a variety of 3D printing technologies.Methods: Although applicable to all vascular territories, we illustrate our methodology using Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) due to the strong interest in this area. CT aortograms acquired as part of routine care were converted to representative patient-specific 3D models, and then printed using a variety of 3D printing technologies to assess their material suitability as aortic phantoms. Depending on the technology, phantoms cost $20–$1,000 and were produced in 12–48 h. This technique was used to generate hollow 3D printed thoracoabdominal aortas visible under fluoroscopy.Results: 3D printed AAA phantoms were a valuable addition to standard CT angiogram reconstructions in the simulation of complex cases, such as short or very angulated necks, or for positioning fenestrations in juxtarenal aneurysms. Hollow flexible models were particularly useful for device selection and in planning of fenestrated EVAR. In addition, these models have demonstrated utility other settings, such as patient education and engagement, and trainee and anatomical education. Further study is required to establish a material with optimal cost, haptic and fluoroscopic fidelity.Conclusion: We share our experiences and methodology for developing inexpensive 3D printed vascular phantoms which despite material limitations, successfully mimic the procedural challenges encountered during live endovascular surgery. As the technology continues to improve, 3D printed vascular phantoms have the potential to disrupt how endovascular procedures are planned and taught.

scholarly journals Ceramic Workshop Adapted with 3D Technologies to Improve the Self-Esteem of People with Disabilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9063
Author(s):  
Alejandro Bonnet de León ◽  
Cecile Meier ◽  
Jose Luis Saorin
Keyword(s):  
Simple Technique ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Digital Manufacturing ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

This paper describes a process to adapt tools in an artistic ceramic workshop in which custom molds are created using low-cost digital manufacturing technologies. The digitalization of busts by a 3D scanner and their transformation into 3D printed molds is a simple technique that only requires basic digital tools. These molds were used in the artistic ceramic workshop of the Psychopedagogical Center of the Order of San Juan de Dios in Tenerife, where the authors worked with people with intellectual disabilities to make ceramic pieces. These people, in most cases, do not have the necessary skills for detail modeling; however, with the help of digital manufacturing technologies, they can produce molds of their own faces and create personalized figures autonomously. In this way, they increase their self-esteem and autonomy and discover new possibilities for making products; as a result, they feel fulfilled and confirm that they can be part of the creation process. To obtain an evaluation of the activity, a qualitative study was carried out, and observation data were collected. The attitudes of the users were compared with observations made during a similar activity without using molds or technologies. It was observed that the attitude of the participants significantly improved when they obtained more satisfactory results with the use of molds.

scholarly journals 3D DOCUMENTATION OF FRAIL ARCHAEOLOGICAL FINDS USING LOW-COST INSTRUMENTATION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
V. Katsichti ◽  
G. Kontogianni ◽  
A. Georgopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Hand Image ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Suitable Processing

Abstract. In archaeological excavations, many small fragments or artefacts are revealed whose fine details sometimes should be captured in 3D. In general, 3D documentation methods fall into two main categories: Range-Based modelling and Image-Based modelling. In Range Based modelling, a laser scanner (Time of Flight, Structured light, etc.) is used for the raw data acquisition in order to create the 3D model of an object. The above method is accurate enough but is still very expensive in terms of equipment. On the other hand, Image-Based modelling, is affordable because the equipment required is merely a camera with the appropriate lens, and possibly a turntable and a tripod. In this case, the 3D model of an object is created by suitable processing of images which are taken around the object with a large overlap. In this paper, emphasis is given on the effectiveness of 3D models of frail archaeological finds originate from the palatial site of Ayios Vasileios in Laconia in the south-eastern Peloponnese, using low-cost equipment and methods. The 3D model is also produced using various, mainly freeware, hence low-cost, software and the results are compared to those from a well-established commercial one.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Prototype to Automate the 3D Digitization of Pieces: An Application Example and Comparison

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2580
Author(s):  
Ramón González-Merino ◽  
Elena Sánchez-López ◽  
Pablo E. Romero ◽  
Jesús Rodero ◽  
Rafael E. Hidalgo-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Robotic Arms ◽  
Effective System ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
3D Digitization

This work is aimed at describing the design of a mechanical and programmable 3D capturing system to be used by either 3D scanner or DSLR camera through photogrammetry. Both methods are widely used in diverse areas, from engineering, architecture or archaeology, up to the field of medicine; but they also entail certain disadvantages, such as the high costs of certain equipment, such as scanners with some precision, and the need to resort to specialized operatives, among others. The purpose of this design is to create a robust, precise and cost-effective system that improves the limitations of the present equipment on the market, such as robotic arms or rotary tables. For this reason, a preliminary study has been conducted to analyse the needs of improvement, later, we have focused on the 3D design and prototyping. For its construction, there have been used the FDM additive technology and structural components that are easy to find in the market. With regards to electronic components, basic electronics and Arduino-based 3D printers firmware have been selected. For system testing, the capture equipment consists of a Spider Artec 3D Scanner and a Nikon 5100 SLR Camera. Finally, 3D models have been developed by comparing the 3D meshes obtained by the two methods, obtaining satisfactory results.

Color Acquisition, Management, Rendering, and Assessment in 3D Reality-Based Models Construction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1338-1380
Author(s):  
Marco Gaiani
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Color Management ◽  
Simultaneous Processing ◽  
Reflectance Modeling ◽  
3D Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Management ◽  
Shape Data

This chapter presents a framework and some solutions for color acquisition, management, rendering and assessment in Architectural Heritage (AH) 3D models construction from reality-based data. The aim is to illustrate easy, low-cost and rapid procedures that produce high visual accuracy of the image/model while being accessible to non-specialized users and unskilled operators, typically Heritage architects. The presented processing is developed in order to render reflectance properties with perceptual fidelity on many type of display and presents two main features: is based on an accurate color management system from acquisition to visualization and more accurate reflectance modeling; the color pipeline could be used inside well established 3D acquisition pipeline from laser scanner and/or photogrammetry. Besides it could be completely integrated in a Structure From Motion pipeline allowing simultaneous processing of color/shape data.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Rapid, Low-Cost and Patient-Specific Models of Brain Vasculature for Use in Preoperative Planning in Clipping of Intracranial Aneurysms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201
Author(s):  
Maciej Błaszczyk ◽  
Redwan Jabbar ◽  
Bartosz Szmyd ◽  
Maciej Radek
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Stl File ◽  
3D Printed

We developed a practical and cost-effective method of production of a 3D-printed model of the arterial Circle of Willis of patients treated because of an intracranial aneurysm. We present and explain the steps necessary to produce a 3D model from medical image data, and express the significant value such models have in patient-specific pre-operative planning as well as education. A Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer is used to create 3D visualization from a patient’s Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) images. After generating the reconstruction, we manually remove the anatomical components that we wish to exclude from the print by utilizing tools provided with the imaging software. We then export this 3D reconstructions file into a Standard Triangulation Language (STL) file which is then run through a “Slicer” software to generate a G-code file for the printer. After the print is complete, the supports created during the printing process are removed manually. The 3D-printed models we created were of good accuracy and scale. The median production time used for the models described in this manuscript was 4.4 h (range: 3.9–4.5 h). Models were evaluated by neurosurgical teams at local hospital for quality and practicality for use in urgent and non-urgent care. We hope we have provided readers adequate insight into the equipment and software they would require to quickly produce their own accurate and cost-effective 3D models from CT angiography images. It has become quite clear to us that the cost-benefit ratio in the production of such a simplified model is worthwhile.

scholarly journals THE USE OF THE UAV IMAGES FOR THE BUILDING 3D MODEL GENERATION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W8 ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vacca ◽  
G. Furfaro ◽  
A. Dessì
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Dense Matching ◽  
Uav Images ◽  
The University

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The growing interest in recent years in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) by the scientific community, software developers, and geomatics professionals, has led these systems to be used more and more widely, in different fields of engineering and architecture. This is thanks, above all, to their flexibility of use and low cost compared to traditional photogrammetric flights using expensive metric digital cameras or LiDAR sensors. In recent years, UAVs have also been used in the field of monitoring and inspection of public or private buildings that are remarkable in terms of size and architecture. This is mainly due to the focus a sustainability and resource efficiency in the building and infrastructure sector, which aims to extend their lifetimes. Through the use of remote checking using UAVs, the monitoring and inspection of buildings can be brought to a new level of quality and saving.</p><p> This paper focuses on the processing and study of 3D models obtained from images captured by an UAV. In particular, the authors wanted to study the accuracy gains achieved in the building 3D model obtained with both nadir and oblique UAV flights. The images from the flights were processed using Structure-for Motion-based approach for point cloud generation using dense image-matching algorithms implemented in an open source software. We used the open source software VisualSfM, developed by Chanchang Wu in collaboration with the University of Washington and Google. The dense matching plug-in integrated in its interface, PMVS/CMVS, made by Yasutaka Furukawa, was employed to generate the dense cloud. The achieved results were compare with those gained by Photoscan software by Agisoft and with 3D model from the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) survey.</p>

Color Acquisition, Management, Rendering, and Assessment in 3D Reality-Based Models Construction

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Marco Gaiani
Keyword(s):  
Structure From Motion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Color Management ◽  
Simultaneous Processing ◽  
Reflectance Modeling ◽  
3D Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Management ◽  
Shape Data

In this chapter are presented a framework and some solutions for color acquisition, management, rendering and assessment in Architectural Heritage (AH) 3D models construction from reality-based data. The aim is to illustrate easy, low-cost and rapid procedures that produce high visual accuracy of the image/model while being accessible to non-specialized users and unskilled operators, typically Heritage architects. The presented processing is developed in order to render reflectance properties with perceptual fidelity on many type of display and presents two main features: is based on an accurate color management system from acquisition to visualization and more accurate reflectance modeling; the color pipeline could be used inside well established 3D acquisition pipeline from laser scanner and/or photogrammetry. Besides it could be completely integrated in a Structure From Motion pipeline allowing simultaneous processing of color/shape data.

Evaluation of Dimensional Accuracy of 3D printed mandibular model using two different Additive Manufacturing Techniques based on Cone Beam Computed Tomography scan data (A Diagnostic Accuracy Study)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Hamada Mohamed ◽  
Hossam Kandil ◽  
Iman Ismail Dakhli
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Abstract In dentistry, 3D printing already has diverse applicability, and holds a great deal of promise to make possible many new and exciting treatments and approaches to manufacturing dental restorations. Better availability, shorter processing time, and descending costs have resulted in the increased use of RP. Concomitantly the development of medical applications is expanding. (Zaharia et al., 2017)Many different printing technologies exist, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. Unfortunately, a common feature of the more functional and productive equipment is the high cost of the equipment, the materials, maintenance, and repair, often accompanied by a need for messy cleaning, difficult post-processing, and sometimes onerous health and safety concerns (Dawood et al., 2015)Low-cost 3D printers represent a great opportunity in the dental and medical field, as they could allow surgeons to use 3D models at a very low cost and, therefore, democratize the use of these 3D models in various indications. However, efforts should be made to establish a unified validation protocol for low-cost RP 3D printed models, including accuracy, reproducibility, and repeatability tests. Asaumi et al., suggested that dimensional changes may not affect the success of surgical applications if such changes are within a 2% variation .However, the proposed cut-off of 2% should be furthermore discussed, as the same accuracy may be not required for all types of indications. (Silva et al., 2008; Maschio et al., 2016)This aim of the present study is to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of the 3D printed mandibular models fabricated by two different additive manufacturing techniques, using highly precise one as selective laser sintering (SLS) and a low-cost one as fused filament fabrication and whether they are both comparable in terms of precision. In addition to evaluation of dimensional accuracy of linear measurements of the mandible in CBCT scans.7 mandibular models will be recruited. Radio-opaque markers of gutta-percha balls will be applied on the model to act as guide pointsTen linear measurements (5 long distances: Inter-condylar, inter-coronoidal, inter-mandibular notch, length of left ramus, length of right ramus; as well as 5 short distances: Length of the body of the mandible at midline, length of the body of the mandible in the area of last left molar, as well as that of the last right molar, the distance between the tip of right condyle to the tip of the right coronoid, as well as that of their left counterparts) will be obtained using digital calliper, to act as the reference standard later. Scanning of the model by CBCT will be next , 3D printing of the scanned image using SLS and FFF printers will be done. Recording of same linear measurment will be done on printed models. Comparison of the recorded values vs reference standard is the last step

scholarly journals To 3D or Not 3D: Choosing a Photogrammetry Workflow for Cultural Heritage Groups

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1835-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafizur Rahaman ◽  
Erik Champion
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Software Application

The 3D reconstruction of real-world heritage objects using either a laser scanner or 3D modelling software is typically expensive and requires a high level of expertise. Image-based 3D modelling software, on the other hand, offers a cheaper alternative, which can handle this task with relative ease. There also exists free and open source (FOSS) software, with the potential to deliver quality data for heritage documentation purposes. However, contemporary academic discourse seldom presents survey-based feature lists or a critical inspection of potential production pipelines, nor typically provides direction and guidance for non-experts who are interested in learning, developing and sharing 3D content on a restricted budget. To address the above issues, a set of FOSS were studied based on their offered features, workflow, 3D processing time and accuracy. Two datasets have been used to compare and evaluate the FOSS applications based on the point clouds they produced. The average deviation to ground truth data produced by a commercial software application (Metashape, formerly called PhotoScan) was used and measured with CloudCompare software. 3D reconstructions generated from FOSS produce promising results, with significant accuracy, and are easy to use. We believe this investigation will help non-expert users to understand the photogrammetry and select the most suitable software for producing image-based 3D models at low cost for visualisation and presentation purposes.

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