scholarly journals Co-incorporation of manure and inorganic fertilizer improves leaf physiological traits, rice production and soil functionality in a paddy field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Izhar Ali ◽  
Saif Ullah ◽  
Aziz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Research Station ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Metabolizing Enzyme

AbstractThe combined use of organic manure and chemical fertilizer (CF) is considered to be a good method for sustaining high crop yields and improving soil quality. We performed a field experiment in 2019 at the research station of Guanxi University, to investigate the effects of cattle manure (CM) and poultry manure (PM) combined with CF on soil physical and biochemical properties, rice dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) accumulation and grain yield. We also evaluated differences in pre-and post-anthesis DM and N accumulation and their contributions to grain yield. The experiment consisted of six treatments: no N fertilizer (T1), 100% CF (T2), 60% CM + 40% CF (T3), 30% CM + 70% CF (T4), 60% PM + 40% CF (T5), and 30% PM + 70% CF (T6). All CF and organic manure treatments provided a total N of 150 kg ha−1. Results showed that the treatment T6 increased leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 11% and 13%, chlorophyll content by 13% and 15%, total biomass by 9% and 11% and grain yield by 11% and 17% in the early and late season, respectively, compared with T2. Similarly, the integrated manure and CF treatments improved post-antheis DM accumulation and soil properties, such as bulk density, organic carbon, total N, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) relative to the CF-only treatments. Interestingly, increases in post-anthesis DM and N accumulation were further supported by enhanced leaf Pn and activity of N-metabolizing enzyme during the grain-filling period. Improvement in Pn and N-metabolizing enzyme activity were due to mainly improved soil quality in the combined manure and synthetic fertilizer treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong relationship between grain yield and soil properties, and a stronger relationship was noted with soil MBC and MBN. Conclusively, a combination of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF is a promising option for improving soil quality and rice yield.

scholarly journals Straw and early nitrogen fertilization affect soil properties and upland rice yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Anna Cristina Lanna
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rice Plants

ABSTRACT The presence of cover crop straw and early application of total N at sowing may provide significant changes in the microbial population, reflecting on the N dynamics in the soil and in upland rice plants. This study aimed at determining the effect of the early application of nitrogen doses as mineral N and microbial biomass carbon in the soil, as well as in the activity of nitrate reductase, and grain yield of upland rice plants cultivated under no-tillage system (NTS). A randomized blocks design, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of N doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) and the presence or absence of U. brizantha cover straw. Maintaining the straw on the soil surface reduces the ammonium levels and increases the microbial biomass carbon content of the soil. The application of increasing doses of N in the soil provides increases in the levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil up to 28 days after emergence. The activity of the nitrate reductase enzyme in the plants increases and the contents of ammonium and nitrate in the soil decrease with the crop development. The number of panicles and grain yield of upland rice increase with the increase of the nitrogen fertilization, but decrease in the presence of U. brizantha straw. Thus, it is recommend the use of early N fertilization in upland rice crop.

scholarly journals Poultry and cattle manure effects on sunflower performance, grain yield and selected soil properties in Limpopo Province, South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matome J. Mokgolo ◽  
Jestino Mzezewa ◽  
Jude J.O. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Organic Manures ◽  
Cropping Season

The application of organic manures as alternatives to reduce the use of mineral fertilisers is considered a good agricultural practice for smallholder farmers. However, the effect of organic manure on soil properties and crop yield depends upon its application rate and its chemical composition. A field experiment was carried out during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons at the University of Venda experimental farm (Limpopo Province, South Africa) to determine the effect of three organic manures (cattle, poultry and their 1:1 combination, 20 t/ha) on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) performance, grain yield and selected soil properties under rainfed conditions. Poultry manure produced the highest final infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration followed by cattle manure, their combination and the control in that order. Total nitrogen, calcium, and zinc were significantly different between treatments in the first season while potassium, sodium, and zinc were significantly different in the second season. Manure combination and poultry manure produced the highest organic carbon and available phosphorus, respectively, in both seasons compared to other treatments. Organic manure application had a significant (p less than 0.05) effect on dry matter, plant height and stem girth at all growth stages in the second cropping season but only in the flower bud stage for both parameters in the first season. Manure application in the second season resulted in an increase in the grain yield compared to the first season, except after application of poultry manure whereafter the grain yield decreased significantly by 168% from the first cropping season. The application of organic manure had a significant effect on sunflower grain yield, dry matter, head dry matter, plant height and stem girth throughout all growing stages in the second cropping season with poultry manure producing the best values.

Corn yield components response to nitrogen fertilizer as a function of soil texture

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Isabelle Perron ◽  
Khaled D. Alotaibi ◽  
Mervin St. Luce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Total N

Information on how soil texture and related soil properties affect corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) response is needed to improve N management in corn production. We conducted a study at 12-site yr in Quebec to assess the effect of N rate (0–250 kg N ha−1) and soil surface textural groups [clay, loam, sandy belonging to the gleysolic soil order (Sg), and sandy belonging to the podzolic soil order (Sp)] on corn grain yield, stover yield, total N uptake (TNU), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE), thousand kernel weight (TKW), test weight, and chlorophyll meter readings (CMR). Corn was more responsive to N rate in the clay soil textural group for most of the parameters due to lower soil N supply, and least responsive in the Sp group, except for test weight and CMR, due to possibly greater leaching in this group. The CMR at flowering accounted for 87%, 87%, 82%, and 25% of the variation in grain yield, TNU, TKW, and test weight, respectively. This study suggests that soil surface texture has a major influence on corn N response, but other soil properties such as drainage may also be important.

Modeling Biodegradation of Subsurface Oil in Sand Beaches Polluted with Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1113-1125
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Geng ◽  
Michel C. Boufadel
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Monod Kinetics ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Total N

ABSTRACT In April 2010, the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) drilling platform led to the release of nearly 4.9 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The oil was brought to the supratidal zone of beaches (landward of the high tide line) by waves during storms, and was buried during subsequent storms. The objective of this paper is to investigate the biodegradation of subsurface oil in a tidally influenced sand beach located at Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge and polluted by the DWH oil spill. Two transects were installed perpendicular to the shoreline within the supratidal zone of the beach. One transect had four galvanized steel piezometer wells to measure the water level. The other transect had four stainless steel multiport sampling wells that were used to collect pore water samples below the beach surface. The samples were analyzed for dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrogen, and redox conditions. Sediment samples were also collected at different depths to measure residual oil concentrations and microbial biomass. As the biodegradation of hydrocarbons was of interest, a biological model based on Monod kinetics was developed and coupled to the transport model MARUN, which is a two dimensional (vertical slice) finite element model for water flow and solute transport in tidally influenced beaches. The resulting coupled model, BIOMARUN, was used to simulate the biodegradation of total n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) trapped as residual oil in the unsaturated zone. Model parameter estimates were constrained by published Monod kinetics parameters. The field measurements, such as the concentrations of the oil, microbial biomass, nitrogen, and DO, were used as inputs for the simulations. The biodegradation of alkanes and PAHs was predicted in the simulation, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the effect of the model parameters on the modeling results. Simulation results indicated that n-alkanes and PAHs would be biodegraded by 80% after 2 ± 0.5 years and 3.5 ± 0.5 years, respectively.

scholarly journals Changes in microbial biomass and grain yield of rice varieties in response to the alternate wet and dry water regime in the inland valley of derived savanna

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-253
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Soretire ◽  
Olalekan Sakariyawo ◽  
Oyinkansola Yewande ◽  
John Adesodun ◽  
Aderonke Akintokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Varietal Differences ◽  
Derived Savanna

This investigation tested the hypothesis that the alternate wet and dry (AWD) water regime would increase soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) and microbial count. Variations in MBC, MBN and grain yield could be due to varietal differences in a derived savanna. Experiments (both pot and field ones) were conducted at the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (Latitude 7? 12? to 7? 20? N and Longitude 3? 20? to 3? 28? E), Nigeria in 2015. In both trials, the treatments consisted of water regimes (continuous flooding [control] and AWD imposed on lowland rice varieties [NERICA?L-19])and Ofada [local check] at the vegetative growth stage in three cycles. The design in both trials was a completely randomised and randomised complete block design for the pot and field experiments respectively, with three replicates. In the screen house, MBC and MBN were significantly higher in AWD than in continuously flooded soil, especially at the beginning of the AWD cycles. This could have caused nutrient pulses to sustain the improved performance of lowland rice under AWD. A converse pattern was observed in the field in the third cycle. Ofada rice had a significantly higher microbial count and MBC (cycle 1) than NERICA L-19, however, a converse pattern was observed in MBC (cycles 2 and 3) and MBN (cycle 1). Composition of their rhizodeposition and timing of cycles could explain the observed varietal differences in MBC and MBN.

scholarly journals Biochar and Compost-Based Integrated Nutrient Management: Potential for Carbon and Microbial Enrichment in Degraded Acidic and Charland Soils

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Shihab Uddin ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Ahmed Gaber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Acidic Soil ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen

Soil acidification and charland formation through alluvial sand deposition are emerging threats to food security in Bangladesh in that they endanger crop production in about 35% of its territory. The integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) is a globally accepted nutrient management approach designed to revive the damaged soils’ fertility level. Total organic carbon (TOC) in soil is a composite index of soil quality that has consequences for agricultural productivity and natural soil ecosystems. This study assesses the impacts of using biochar, compost, poultry litter, and vermicompost-based IPNS approaches on labile and TOC pools, TOC stocks, lability and management indices, and microbial populations under different cropping patterns after 2 years in acidic and charland soils. The application of IPNS treatments increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 9.1–50.0% in acidic soil and 8.8–41.2% in charland soil compared to the untreated soil, with the largest increase in poultry manure biochar (PMB). Microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) rose from 20 to 180% in charland soil compared to the control, although no effect was observed in acidic soil. Basal respiration (BR) rose by 43–429% in acidic soil and 16–189% in charland soil compared to the control, exhibiting the highest value in PMB. IPNS treatments significantly improved SOC and POC but did not affect POXc and bulk density in both soils. The PMB and organic fertilizer (OF, compost)-based IPNS wielded the greatest influence on the lability index of MBC in acidic soils and the management index of MBC in both soils. This is despite the fact that IPNS did not affect the lability and management indices of active carbon (AC). IPNS treatments increased the stocks of SOC and MBC in both the soils and POC stock in acidic soil. IPNS treatments significantly boosted the bacterial and fungal populations in both soils, despite having no effect on phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Thus, PMB and OF (compost)-based IPNS may be a better nutrient management practice in degraded acidic and charland soils. This is especially the case in terms of soil quality improvement, soil carbon sequestration, and microbial enrichment.

scholarly journals Organic Manure Coupled with Inorganic Fertilizer: An Approach for the Sustainable Production of Rice by Improving Soil Properties and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
Liang He ◽  
Aziz Khan ◽  
Shangqin Wei ◽  
Kashif Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

The current farming system is heavily reliant on chemical fertilizers, which negatively affect soil health, the environment, and crop productivity. Improving crop production on a sustainable basis is a challenging issue in the present agricultural system. To address this issue, we assumed that the combined use of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers can improve rice grain yield and soil properties without the expense of the environment. This study explores the combined effects of cattle manure (CM), poultry manure (PM), and chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil properties, rice growth, physiology, and grain yield and quality. Six treatments in the following combinations were included: T1—no N fertilizer; T2—100% CF; T3—60% CM + 40% CF; T4—30% CM + 70% CF; T5—60% PM + 40% CF; and T6—30% PM + 70% CF. Results showed that across the seasons, treatment T6 increased the net photosynthesis rate, total biomass, grain yield, and amylose content by 23%, 90%, 95%, and 10%, respectively, compared with control. This increment in net photosynthetic rate and growth was the result of 24%, 14%, 19%, and 20% higher total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root diameter, respectively. Improvements in these attributes further enhanced the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice. No significant difference between T4 and T6 was observed. The correlation analysis also confirmed that root morphological traits were positively correlated with grain yield, N uptake, and biomass accumulation. Similarly, improvement in grain yield and NUE was also associated with improved soil properties, i.e., bulk density, soil porosity, soil organic carbon, and total N under combined organic and inorganic N fertilizers treatment. Conclusively, the integration of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF (urea) is a promising option not only for higher grain yield and quality of rice but also for improved soil health. This study provides a sustainable nutrient management strategy to improve crop yield with high nutrient use efficiency.

Restoring woody agroecosystems in Mediterranean drylands through regenerative agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Luján Soto ◽  
María Martínez-Mena ◽  
Mamen Cuéllar Padilla ◽  
Joris de Vente
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Regenerative Agriculture

<p>Regenerative agriculture (RA) is gaining increasing recognition as a plausible solution to restore degraded agroecosystems. In Mediterranean drylands, RA has been limitedly adopted by farmers due to its initial state of development and lack of empirical evidence on its impacts. To support its large-scale adoption, we carried out a participatory monitoring and evaluation project in the high steppe plateau of Southeast Spain, involving local farmers applying RA in their almond farms. To assess the effect of RA, we studied 9 farms and selected in each farm one field with regenerative management and one nearby field with conventional management based on frequent tillage (CT). We clustered fields under regenerative management based on the different RA practices being applied and distinguished 4 types of RA treatments: 1) reduced tillage with green manure (GM), 2) reduced tillage with organic amendments (OA), 3) reduced tillage with green manure and organic amendments (GM&OA), and 4) no tillage with permanent natural covers and organic amendments (NT&OA). We used physical (bulk density and aggregate stability), chemical (pH, salinity, total N, P, K, available P, and exchangeable cations) and biological (SOC, POC, PON, microbial activity)  soil propertoes and the nutritional status of almond trees (leaf N, P and K) to evaluate the impacts of RA compared to CT. We found that GM treatment improved physical soil properties, presenting regenerative fields higher soil aggregate stability. Our results showed that OA improved most soil chemical and biological soil properties, however physical properties remained similar. RA treatments combining ground covers and organic amendments (GM&OA and NT&OA) exhibited greater overall soil quality restoration than individual practices, improving physical, chemical and biological soil properties. NT&OA stood out for presenting the highest soil quality improvements. All RA treatments maintained similar crop nutritional status compared to CT. We conclude that RA has strong potential to restore the physical, chemical and biological quality of soils of woody agroecosystems in Mediterranean drylands without compromising their nutritional status, thereby enhancing their resilience to climate change and long term sustainability.</p>

scholarly journals Changes in soil quality after converting <i>Pinus</i> to <i>Eucalyptus</i> plantations in southern China

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zhang ◽  
H. Zheng ◽  
F. L. Chen ◽  
Z. Y. Ouyang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Time Substitution

Abstract. Vegetation plays a key role in maintaining soil quality, but long-term changes in soil quality due to plant species change and successive planting are rarely reported. Using the space-for-time substitution method, adjacent plantations of Pinus and first, second, third and fourth generations of Eucalyptus in Guangxi, China were used to study changes in soil quality caused by converting Pinus to Eucalyptus and successive Eucalyptus planting. Soil chemical and biological properties were measured and a soil quality index was calculated using principal component analysis. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, cellobiosidase, phenol oxidase, peroxidase and acid phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the first and second generations of Eucalyptus plantations compared with Pinus plantation, but they were significantly higher in the third and fourth generations than in the first and second generations and significantly lower than in Pinus plantation. Soil total and available potassium were significantly lower in Eucalyptus plantations (1.8–2.5 g kg−1 and 26–66 mg kg−1) compared to the Pinus plantation (14.3 g kg−1 and 92 mg kg−1), but total phosphorus was significantly higher in Eucalyptus plantations (0.9–1.1 g kg−1) compared to the Pinus plantation (0.4 g kg−1). As an integrated indicator, soil quality index was highest in the Pinus plantation (0.92) and lowest in the first and second generations of Eucalyptus plantations (0.24 and 0.13). Soil quality index in the third and fourth generations (0.36 and 0.38) was between that in Pinus plantation and in first and second generations of Eucalyptus plantations. Changing tree species, reclamation and fertilization may have contributed to the change observed in soil quality during conversion of Pinus to Eucalyptus and successive Eucalyptus planting. Litter retention, keeping understorey coverage, and reducing soil disturbance during logging and subsequent establishment of the next rotation should be considered to help improving soil quality.

Using manure for improving nitrogen fertilization and maize yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-914
Author(s):  
Xucun Jia ◽  
Qinglong Yang ◽  
Shu-Ting Dong ◽  
Ji-Wang Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total N

AbstractManure and chemical fertilizers have different effects on soil properties, the nitrogen cycle, and crop yield. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different fertilizer applications under the same N input on soil physicochemical properties and soil bacterial communities and to explain the contributions of soil properties to grain yield. Manure substitution of chemical fertilizer was conducted in leaching monitoring systems. The study began in 2009 and sampling was carried out in 2014 and 2016. Three fertilizer treatments with the same total N, P, and K application rates and one control treatment were designed as follows: (1) CK, without nitrogen fertilizer; (2) 100%U, whole nitrogen coming from urea; (3) 100%M, whole nitrogen coming from composted cattle manure; and (4) 50%U + 50%M, half nitrogen from composted cattle manure and half nitrogen from urea. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was positively correlated with total N (TN), NO3−–N, and NH4+–N contents, the mean weight diameter of soil aggregates, and the Shannon diversity index of bacteria, whereas SOC content was not significantly correlated with grain yield. NO3−–N content was positively correlated with grain yield. Substituting half the amount of chemical fertilizer with manure as a nitrogen source improved soil stability, increased bacterial diversity, and enhanced nitrogen supply, while reducing nitrogen loss from ammonia volatilization and nitrogen leaching. Substituting half the amount of chemical fertilizer with manure as a nitrogen source was a more sustainable way to increase grain yield through a sustainable nitrate supply and to reduce N loss.

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