Corn yield components response to nitrogen fertilizer as a function of soil texture

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Isabelle Perron ◽  
Khaled D. Alotaibi ◽  
Mervin St. Luce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Total N

Information on how soil texture and related soil properties affect corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen (N) response is needed to improve N management in corn production. We conducted a study at 12-site yr in Quebec to assess the effect of N rate (0–250 kg N ha−1) and soil surface textural groups [clay, loam, sandy belonging to the gleysolic soil order (Sg), and sandy belonging to the podzolic soil order (Sp)] on corn grain yield, stover yield, total N uptake (TNU), nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUE), thousand kernel weight (TKW), test weight, and chlorophyll meter readings (CMR). Corn was more responsive to N rate in the clay soil textural group for most of the parameters due to lower soil N supply, and least responsive in the Sp group, except for test weight and CMR, due to possibly greater leaching in this group. The CMR at flowering accounted for 87%, 87%, 82%, and 25% of the variation in grain yield, TNU, TKW, and test weight, respectively. This study suggests that soil surface texture has a major influence on corn N response, but other soil properties such as drainage may also be important.

Effects of timing and placement of urea on aerial-sown semi-dwarf rice in south-east Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
DP Heenan ◽  
PE Bacon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Total N ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Significant Difference

Three field experiments over two seasons and on two soil types studied the effects of placement and time of nitrogen fertilizer (N) application on yield and N uptake of aerial-sown semi-dwarf rice. Grain yield and apparent N fertilizer recovery were greatest when fertilizer was drilled into the soil, with no significant difference between 3 cm and 7 cm depth. Placement onto wet soil resulted in significantly lower grain yield and total N uptake than placement onto dry soil or incorporation into the soil. Reducing the time of application before flooding from 15 days to 1 day significantly improved the efficiency of fertilizer use. Delaying the time of application from before flooding to soon after flooding produced much lower grain yield and agronomic efficiency. Further delaying the application time from soon after flooding to around mid-tillering increased the yield response and agronomic efficiency. The results demonstrated that urea should be drilled into the soil as soon as possible before flooding rather than broadcasting onto the soil surface before flooding or into the floodwater after flooding.

Response of low-N pool maize population to nitrogen uptake and use efficiency after three cycles of full-sib recurrent selection

2007 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. OMOIGUI ◽  
S. O. ALABI ◽  
A. Y. KAMARA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYIdentification of plant cultivars efficient for nitrogen (N) uptake and utilization may contribute to the improvement of crop yield potential in areas of low-N (LN) availability. Three cycles of full-sib recurrent selection were applied on a LN pool-yellow (LNP-Y) maize population to improve its level of tolerance to low soil N in the savannah ecosystem. The progress after three cycles of selection was evaluated for two years (2000 and 2001). The objectives of the study were to classify the cycles in relation to response to N levels under field conditions and to investigate the progress in selection for improved grain yield and other agronomic traits at two N levels, LN (30 kg N/ha) and high-N (HN, 90 kg N/ha). The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the LN screening site of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Samaru, in the northern Guinea savannah of Nigeria. The experimental design consisted of randomized complete blocks with three replications. The aboveground biomass and grain at harvest were analysed for total N content. The results indicated differences in plant population response to N levels. Mean grain yield ranged from 2·5 t/ha in cycle 1 to 2·7 t/ha in cycle 3 under LN and from 4·2 t/ha in cycle 1 to 4·3 t/ha in cycle 3 under HN. The observed gains were 4·8% per cycle under LN and 1·4% per cycle under HN. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) traits, viz. N uptake efficiency and N utilization efficiency were positively affected by selection. Gains for N utilization efficiency were 6·3% per cycle at LN and 9·1% per cycle at HN, while observed gains for NUE were 3·9% at LN and 1·4% per cycle at HN. However, N utilization efficiency was identified as the most important component of NUE for selecting cycles of selection in population development. Total N content and N utilization efficiency were significantly correlated with each other at LN, and had a significant, positive, direct effect on grain yield. Grain yield was positively correlated with N content and N utilization efficiency at both N levels. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed at LN between 300 kernel weight and N utilization efficiency. N utilization efficiency was correlated with ears/plant at HN and negatively correlated with anthesis-silking interval (ASI). The present study revealed that selection for improved productivity under LN stress conditions could be further enhanced by simultaneously selecting for high grain yield performance based on N utilization efficiency and on secondary traits, such as ears/plant, 300 kernel weight, and reduced ASI.

scholarly journals Biochar and urease inhibitor mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions and improve wheat yield in a urea fertilized alkaline soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadim Dawar ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
M. M. R. Jahangir ◽  
Iqbal Munir ◽  
Syed Sartaj Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractIn this study, we explored the role of biochar (BC) and/or urease inhibitor (UI) in mitigating ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) discharge from urea fertilized wheat cultivated fields in Pakistan (34.01°N, 71.71°E). The experiment included five treatments [control, urea (150 kg N ha−1), BC (10 Mg ha−1), urea + BC and urea + BC + UI (1 L ton−1)], which were all repeated four times and were carried out in a randomized complete block design. Urea supplementation along with BC and BC + UI reduced soil NH3 emissions by 27% and 69%, respectively, compared to sole urea application. Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertilized plots were also reduced by 24% and 53% applying BC and BC + UI, respectively, compared to urea alone. Application of BC with urea improved the grain yield, shoot biomass, and total N uptake of wheat by 13%, 24%, and 12%, respectively, compared to urea alone. Moreover, UI further promoted biomass and grain yield, and N assimilation in wheat by 38%, 22% and 27%, respectively, over sole urea application. In conclusion, application of BC and/or UI can mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions from urea fertilized soil, improve N use efficiency (NUE) and overall crop productivity.

Effect of leaf spotting diseases on grain yield and seed traits of wheat in southern Saskatchewan

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
M. R. Fernandez ◽  
F. R. Clarke ◽  
R. M. DePauw ◽  
J. M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Weight Test

Although leaf spotting diseases have been reported to have a negative effect on grain yield and seed characteristics of wheat (Triticum spp.), the magnitude of such effects on wheat grown on dryland in southern Saskatchewan is not known. A fungicide experiment was conducted at Swift Current (Brown soil) and Indian Head (Black soil) from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effect of leaf spotting diseases on yield and seed traits of wheat. Two fungicides, Folicur 3.6F and Bravo 500, were applied at different growth stages on three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) genotypes. Fungicide treatments generally did not affect yield, kernel weight, test weight or grain protein concentration, and these effects were relatively consistent among genotypes. Folicur applied at head emergence in 1997 and at flag leaf emergence and/or head emergence in 1998 increased yield at Indian Head (P < 0.05). Fungicides applied at and before flag leaf emergence tended to increase kernel weight. Grain protein concentration increased only in treatments of Bravo applications at Indian Head in 1998. These results suggested that under the dryland environment and management in southern Saskatchewan leaf spotting diseases generally have a small effect on yield, kernel weight, test weight and protein concentration. Key words: Wheat, leaf spotting diseases, fungicide, yield

scholarly journals Ethephon Reduces Maize Nitrogen Uptake but Improves Nitrogen Utilization in Zea mays L.

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yushi Zhang ◽  
Yubin Wang ◽  
Churong Liu ◽  
Delian Ye ◽  
Danyang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
N Use

Increasing use of plant density or/and nitrogen (N) application has been introduced to maize production in the past few decades. However, excessive planting density or/and use of fertilizer may cause reduced N use efficiency (NUE) and increased lodging risks. Ethephon application improves maize lodging resistance and has been an essential measure in maize intensive production systems associated with high plant density and N input in China. Limited information is available about the effect of ethephon on maize N use and the response to plant density under different N rates in the field. A three-year field study was conducted with two ethephon applications (0 and 90 g ha−1), four N application rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha−1), and two plant densities (6.75 plants m−2 and 7.5 plants m−2) to evaluate the effects of ethephon on maize NUE indices (N agronomic efficiency, NAE; N recovery efficiency, NRE; N uptake efficiency, NUpE; N utilization efficiency, NUtE; partial factor productivity of N, PFPN), biomass, N concentration, grain yield and N uptake, and translocation properties. The results suggest that the application of ethephon decreased the grain yield by 1.83–5.74% due to the decrease of grain numbers and grain weight during the three experimental seasons. Meanwhile, lower biomass, NO3- and NH4+ fluxes in xylem bleeding sap, and total N uptake were observed under ethephon treatments. These resulted in lower NAE and NUpE under the ethephon treatment at a corresponding N application rate and plant density. The ethephon treatment had no significant effects on the N concentration in grains, and it decreased the N concentration in stover at the harvesting stage, while increasing the plant N concentration at the silking stage. Consequently, post-silking N remobilization was significantly increased by 14.10–32.64% under the ethephon treatment during the experimental periods. Meanwhile, NUtE significantly increased by ethephon.

Performance of nitrate compared with urea fertilizer in a semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Carlos M. Romero ◽  
Patrick Carr ◽  
Jessica A. Torrion
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Fertilizer NO3-N may represent a benefit over NH4-N containing sources in semiarid regions where rainfall is often not sufficient to leach fertilizer-N out of crop rooting zones, denitrification concerns are not great, and when NH3 volatilization concerns exist. The objective of our study was to contrast plant-N derived from fertilizer-15N (15Ndff), fertilizer-15N recovery (F15NR), total N uptake, grain yield, and protein of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from spring-applied NaNO3 relative to urea and urea augmented with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). We established six fertilizer-N field trials widespread within the state of Montana between 2012 and 2017. The trials incorporated different experimental designs and 15N-labeled fertilizer-N sources, including NaNO3, NH4NO3, urea, and urea + NBPT. Overall, F15NR and 15Ndff in mature crop biomass were significantly greater for NaNO3 than urea or urea + NBPT (P < 0.05). Crop 15Ndff averaged 53.8%, 43.9%, and 44.7% across locations for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Likewise, crop F15NR averaged 52.2%, 35.8%, and 38.6% for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Soil 15N recovered in the surface layer (0–15 cm) was lower for NaNO3 compared with urea and urea + NBPT. Wheat grain yield and protein were generally not sensitive to improvements in 15Ndff, F15NR, or total N uptake. Our study hypothesis that NaNO3 would result in similar or better performance than urea or urea + NBPT was confirmed. Use of NO3-N fertilizer might be an alternative strategy to mitigate fertilizer-N induced soil acidity in semiarid regions of the northern Great Plains.

Comparison of the effect of leaf rust on the grain yield of resistant, partially resistant, and susceptible spring wheat cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Singh ◽  
T. S. Payne ◽  
P. Figueroa ◽  
S. Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Hypersensitive Resistance ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat

AbstractThree hypersensitive resistant, six partially resistant (slow rusting), and one susceptible spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated for grain yield, test weight, and kernel weight under artificially created epiphytotics of leaf rust disease (caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) with and without fungicide protection for three years. Rusted plot yields were 4 percent lower compared to fungicide-protected plot yields for cultivars with hypersensitive resistance. In rusted plots, grain yield and kernel weight averaged 8 percent less for cultivars with partial resistance but varied from 2 to 20 percent less depending on cultivar. The susceptible check cultivar, Yecora 70, averaged 27 percent lower grain yield, 22 percent lower kernel weight, and 6 percent lower test weight in rusted plots. Slight reduction in test weight was also observed for each cultivar. Losses in grain yield could, therefore, be reduced to levels similar to those of hypersensitive resistant cultivars by the use of partial resistance. We discuss the sustainability of partial genetic resistance to leaf rust. Since partial resistance is expected to be durable, and since rust levels and effects on yield in farmers' fields are likely to be less than in this experimental plot study, partial resistance should give long-lasting resistance at a negligible cost in yield that is insufficient to justify the use of fungicides.

scholarly journals Improvement of Root Characteristics Due to Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Interactions Increases Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ming Du ◽  
Wenzhong Zhang ◽  
Jiping Gao ◽  
Meiqiu Liu ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Length ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Total N ◽  
Absorption Area ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Although nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) co-application improves crop growth, yield, and N use efficiency (NUE) of rice, few studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying these interactions. To investigate root morphological and physiological characteristics and determine yield and nitrogen use parameters, rhizo-box experiments were performed on rice using six treatments (no fertilizer, PK, N, NK, NP, and NPK) and plants were harvested at maturity. The aboveground biomass at the elongating stage and grain yield at maturity for NPK treatment were higher than the sum of PK and N treatments. N, P, and K interactions enhanced grain yield due to an increase in agronomic N use efficiency (NAE). The co-application of N, P, and K improved N uptake and N recovery efficiency, exceeding the decreases in physiological and internal NUE and thereby improving NAE. Increases in root length and biomass, N uptake per unit root length/root biomass, root oxidation activity, total roots absorption area, and roots active absorption area at the elongating stage improved N uptake via N, P, and K interactions. The higher total N uptake from N, P, and K interactions was due to improved root characteristics, which enhanced the rice yield and NUE.

scholarly journals Malting Barley Diseases, Yield and Quality – Responses to Using Various Agro-Technology Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Kangor ◽  
Pille Sooväli ◽  
Ylle Tamm ◽  
Ilmar Tamm ◽  
Mati Koppel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Abstract Pyrenophora teres (net blotch) and Cochliobolus sativus (spot blotch), the most widely spread diseases in the Northern Baltic region, have high impact on cereal production. The effect of three levels of fertilisation and two fungicide treatments on the severity of barley diseases, grain yield and quality traits (protein content, test weight, thousand kernel weight (TKW), grading) was tested during a period of three years. Weather conditions during the growing season highly determined disease severity, yield and quality. In addition, the infection level of P. teres was more dependent on fungicide treatment (p ≤ 0.001) and barley variety (p ≤ 0.001) while C. sativus infection was influenced more by fertilisation (p ≤ 0.001) and year x fertilisation interaction (p ≤ 0.001). Fungicide treatment had no influence on grain yield and protein content, but slightly improved TKW (p ≤ 0.05), test weight (p ≤ 0.001) and grading (p ≤ 0.001). However, these quality traits were mostly influenced by barley variety (p ≤ 0.001). TKW and test weight were highest at fertilisation level N80P12K43. The effect of year and fertilisation contributed significantly to the grain protein content. Grain yield and protein content were highest at the maximum fertiliser application (N100P15K54).

scholarly journals Effects of weed "Reestablishment" after hoeing on corn yields

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
A.C. Oliveira ◽  
O.F. Oliveira ◽  
F.C.L. Freitas ◽  
T.S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Hundred Kernel Weight ◽  
Ground Part ◽  
Weed Removal

Some growers and researchers sustain the idea that regrowth or root setting of some weeds may occur after hoeing, with detrimental effects over corn. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of weed removal from the field, removal after each hoeing, and corn intercropped with gliricidia on weed control and corn yield values. The experimental design consisted of blocks with split-plots and six replicates. Cultivars AG 1051 and BM 2022, planted in the plots, were submitted to the following treatments: no hoeing, two hoeings (at 20 and 40 days after planting), and intercropped with gliricidia. The hoed plots were either submitted to weed removal after the first, second, or both hoeings, or remained without weed removal. In the intercropped treatment, gliricidia was sown by broadcasting at corn planting between the corn rows, at a density of 15 seeds m-2. Twenty-five weed species occurred in the experiment; the most frequent was Digitaria sanguinalis (family Poaceae). The weed control methods tested had similar effects on the cultivars, which were not different from one another with respect to the evaluated traits, except for one-hundred-kernel weight, with cultivar AG 1051 being superior. Weed removal did not influence green corn yield or grain yield. However, the number of kernels/ear was higher in plots where weeds were removed in relation to plots without weed removal, suggesting that weed removal might be beneficial to corn. Besides, a higher dry matter weight was obtained for the above-ground part of weeds removed from the field after the first and second hoeings than the weight of weeds removed after the second hoeing only which, in turn, was higher than the weight of weeds removed after the first hoeing only. Green ear yield, grain yield, and dry matter of the above-ground part of the weeds did not show differences in hoed plots and were superior to the non-weeded plots and the intercropped plots, which were not different from each other; therefore, intercropping with gliricidia did not improve corn yield values.

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