scholarly journals Using past interglacial temperature maxima to explore transgressions in modern Maldivian coral and Amphistegina bleaching thresholds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Stainbank ◽  
Dick Kroon ◽  
Erica S. de Leau ◽  
Silvia Spezzaferri

AbstractTropical corals and Amphistegina, an example genus of symbiont-bearing larger benthic foraminifera, are presently living close to their thermal bleaching thresholds. As such, these essential reef-building organisms are vulnerable to the future prospect of more frequent sea surface temperature (SST) extremes. Exploring the earth’s paleo-climatic record, including interglacials warmer than present, may provide insights into future oceanographic conditions. We analyse foraminiferal shell geochemical compositions, from Recent surface sediments and Marine Isotope stage (MIS) 9e and MIS11c aged sediments, from the International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 359 Site U1467 drilled in the Inner Sea of the Maldives. We illustrate through traditional (pooled) geochemical analysis (δ18O, Mg/Ca) that tropical temperatures were indeed marginally warmer during MIS9e and MIS11c in comparison to the modern ocean. Individual foraminiferal analysis (IFA) from the Recent (representing the last few hundred years) and MIS9e samples shows SSTs occasionally breached the coral bleaching threshold similarly to the modern-day. Significantly, the number of transgressions was four times higher during MIS11c, a recognised analogue for a warmer modern world. This new knowledge and novel IFA insight and application is invaluable given thermal stress is already obvious today with an increasing number of bleaching events over the last few decades.

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Yu Chen ◽  
Chih-An Huh ◽  
Ning-Yu Chang ◽  
Ju-Chin Chen

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Khairudin Aljunied

This chapter discusses Hamka’s harmonization of reason and revelation in the road to reform Southeast Asian Muslim thought. To achieve this, he marshalled a few intellectual assertions. He highlighted the problem of intellectual stagnation that was ubiquitous in Malay-Muslim societies. Hamka also strategically appropriated the rational tradition in Islam to argue for the restoration of reason to its rightful place within Islamic thought in the Malay world. The last section of this chapter elaborates on Hamka’s concept of “guided reason,” a type of reasoning that was guided by the sacred sources of Islam, by good character, by changing contexts, as well as by the forms of new knowledge developed in the modern world.


Radiocarbon ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiko Ohkouchi ◽  
Timothy I Eglinton ◽  
John M Hayes

We have measured the radiocarbon contents of individual, solvent-extractable, short-chain (C14, C16, and C18) fatty acids isolated from Ross Sea surface sediments. The corresponding 14C ages are equivalent to that of the post-bomb dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoir. Moreover, molecular 14C variations in surficial (upper 15 cm) sediments indicate that these compounds may prove useful for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments containing uncertain (and potentially variable) quantities of relict organic carbon. A preliminary molecular 14C chronology suggests that the accumulation rate of relict organic matter has not changed during the last 500 14C yr. The focus of this study is to determine the validity of compound-specific 14C analysis as a technique for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1545-1551
Author(s):  
Svetlana Trajković

The ability to manage knowledge becomes an increasingly important strategic activity in today's so-called. knowledge economy. To prioritize the preservation and improvement of intellectual capital, creating and disseminating knowledge within a modern organization, is becoming an increasingly decisive factor in achieving and maintaining its competitive advantage. The only viable advantage of a modern organization comes from what the company knows and how effectively is used what it knows and how quickly it acquires and uses new knowledge. There is a positive relationship between the intellectual capital and the performance of an organization. Intellectual capital is in correlation with the organization's future performance, and the growth rate of intellectual capital is in a positive relationship with the organization's performance, while the contribution of intellectual capital to improving the organization's performance varies, and is the result of strategic management of the organization itself. In this context, only the learning organization, which is constantly looking for new, innovated and / or enhanced knowledge in the field of activity, has the conditions, chances and opportunities to move forward in the real world. In the modern world, the world of a knowledge-based economy, a competitive advantage that is sustainable on the narrow paths, can only be achieved if the organization takes a lasting commitment to learn, invest in people and their intellectual potential, to support the need of people to continuously explore, learn and accept new, more complete and applicable knowledge. Regarding this, investing in the intellectual capital in the short term may be a significant cost to the organization, but in the long run, any investment in the development of intellectual capital - new knowledge - both scientific, general theoretical, and practically applicable will have a multiplier positive effect on the future business of the organization. The experience of organizations from the world of work has unambiguously confirmed this. Namely, companies that base their business on exactly human cognitive and scientific potentials have the advantage, that is, the world's leading companies are in terms of profit. First of all, these are companies in the field of low-tech technologies, and they are not quite necessary because they are notorious. But, from the experience of such organizations, they can and / or have to learn all the organizations they intend to succeed in a modern, very turbulent business environment. This is especially important for those organizations that intend to be leaders in an area or branch of business. Today, leadership is not realized solely on the basis of the number of pieces produced by a product or on the basis of the number of transactions with the environment, on the contrary, the leader is the organization of work that is imposed as an organization where the intellectual, and parallel with it, also the human capital prevails. Because, it is known, also in practice, that only when people feel in a certain organization friendly, only then do they give their maximum contribution. Only in conditions of complete freedom, some seemingly lucid ideas become "full of hits" in realizing and meeting the needs of the market and people who market it.


2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Undang Hernawan ◽  
Kris Budiono

Semburan lumpur Sidoarjo (Lusi) di daerah Porong menambah fungsi Sungai Porong menjadi sarana untuk mengalirkan lumpur ke arah laut, karena kemampuan tanggul – tanggul penghalang di sekitar lokasi semburan sangat terbatas. Kondisi ini berdampak pula terhadap terbawanya lumpur lapindo ke perairan Porong. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui sebaran sedimen di sungai, muara dan perairan sekitar Porong terutama yang bersumber dari luapan lumpur Sidoarjo. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 30 sampel sedimen hasil sampling yang diambil di lokasi sungai – muara sungai Porong dan 30 sampel sedimen permukaan dasar laut di perairan sekitar muara sungai Porong. Distribusi umum sebaran sedimen di perairan Porong menunjukkan sedimen lumpur ditemukan di pinggir sungai dan sedimen pasir ditemukan di bagian tengah sungai. Distribusi umum sedimen dasar perairan di sekitar muara Porong berupa pasir, lempung dan lempung lanau pasiran. Hasil analisis mikroskopik dan SEM menunjukkan bahwa sedimen yang berasal dari luapan lumpur Sidoarjo ditemukan di sepanjang aliran Sungai Porong sampai muara, namun belum ditemukan di perairan luar sekitar muara Porong. Sedimen Lusi yang sampai ke muara Porong berukuran butir sampai 2,5 mikron. Deskripsi megaskopis menunjukkan sedimen Lusi pasir - kerikil umumnya berbentuk pipih (halus– agak halus). Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa sedimen yang berasal dari lumpur Sidoarjo umumnya seragam dan didominasi berupa smectite. Berbeda dengan sedimen sungai, hasil SEM yang diperoleh dari sampel laut yang menunjukkan sedimennya beragam, berupa montmorilonite, kaolinite dan illite. Kata Kunci : Sedimen, Porong, lumpur Sidoarjo The Sidoarjo mudflow in the Porong area increases the functions of Porong River as media to drain the muds towards the sea, because the ability of embankments in the area as a barrier is very limited. This condition intends to determine the presence and distribution of sediment in rivers, estuaries and waters originating from the Lusi mudflow. The materials used in this study are the sediment sampling results as many as 30 samples taken from the river and off the river mouth and 30 samples of sea surface sediments in the surrounding waters. General distribution of sediments in the Porong River shows the form of mud sediments are generally found in the riverside and sandy sediment found in the middle of the river, while the distribution of sediments in waters Porong form of sand, clay and sandy silt clay. The results of microscopic and SEM analysis showed that the sediments derived from the Lusi mudflow found along Porong River till estuaries, but they have not reach surrounding water of Porong estuary. The Lusi sediment that reached the estuary Porong sized to 2.5 micron. General megascopic description show the shape of the Lusi sediment as sand-gravel is a flat-shaped (rounded - sub rounded). SEM results showed that the sediments derived from the Lusi is generally uniform and dominated by smectite. In contrast to stream sediments, the SEM results obtained from marine sediment samples show a variety of sediments, in the form of montmorillonite, caolinite and illite. Key words: Sediment, Porong, Sidoarjo, Mud Overflow (Lusi)


Author(s):  
N.A. Chalkina ◽  

Tourism plays an important role in international relations in the modern world. Educational trips occupy a special place in international trade in services. Educational tourism is a way of human self-development, an opportunity to grow personally and professionally. Young people are interested not only in walking along the streets with sights, but also in the opportunity to gain new knowledge, learn the language of the host country. Despite the active development of this type of tourism, there is still no consensus regarding the interpretation of the essence of educational tourism and its concept.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document