scholarly journals Comparison of the sensitivity of Western blotting between PVDF and NC membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Xiang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zheng ◽  
Shaobo Liu ◽  
Gang Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blotting ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Direct Blue ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWestern blotting (WB) is one of the most widely used techniques to identify proteins as well as post translational modifications of proteins. The selection of electroblotted membrane is one of the key factors affecting the detection sensitivity of the protein which is transferred from gel to membrane in WB. The most common used membranes are polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and nitrocellulose (NC) membranes. Which membrane of these two is more suitable for WB has not been reported so far. Here, by incubating proteins which were transferred to PVDF or NC membranes with a series of antibodies and different types of lectins, we investigated the relationship between the binding ability of these two membranes to proteins or glycoproteins and the molecular weight of the target protein. The antibody re-probed ability of the two membranes was also explored. Moreover, we verified the above results by directly incubating proteins having different molecular weights onto PVDF or NC membranes. Bound proteins were stained with direct blue-71, and the staining intensity was quantitated by scanning and densitometry.

Galvanised Sheets as Building Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Adamus ◽  
Monika Gierzyńska-Dolna ◽  
Wilhelm Gorecki ◽  
Piotr Lacki
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Relationship

Civil engineering uses steel as one of the basic structural materials. Sheets play an important role among the steel products. Although steel sheets are relatively cheap and have good mechanical and technological properties, low resistance against corrosion poses a fundamental weakness. A solution to this problem is the use of galvanised or organic-coated steel sheets. Galvanising can be carried out by hot dipping (single structural parts) or continuous galvanising: electrolytic and hot-dip galvanising (sheets and strips or long products, such as: wires or pipes).In the paper steel sheets used in the civil engineering as structural parts or wall and roof cladding are discussed. A special attention is paid to corrosion resistance of the steel sheets. Some results of corrosion tests is presented. The tests were aimed at determination the corrosion resistance of hot-dip and electrolytic galvanised sheets. The influence of the galvanising technology and the relationship between the degree of material deformation and susceptibility to corrosion are given. Coating thickness and kind of the applied galvanising technology is pointed as the key factors affecting the corrosion resistance of galvanised sheets. It is highlighted that during the forming process of galvanised sheets (bending, sheet-metal forming) the zinc coating deforms more than the steel base, so its thickness decreases, and therefore the corrosion resistance of the final product decreases, too.

scholarly journals Factors influencing surface water and groundwater interaction in alluvial fan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanao Meng ◽  
Changlai Xiao ◽  
Xiujuan Liang ◽  
Ge Wang ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract In this study, the surface water balance method was used to calculate the interaction between surface water and groundwater (SGW) in the Taoer River alluvial fan in Jilin Province, China, from 1956 to 2014. The automatic linear model was used to determine the key and non-key influencing factors, and correlation analysis was performed to evaluate their relationship with one another. River runoff and groundwater level were the key factors affecting the SGW interaction, and sand–gravel exposure in the fan was more conducive to SGW interaction. There was a positive correlation between runoff and SGW interaction, and the relationship between the groundwater and surface water levels was correlated and affected by groundwater exploitation and groundwater runoff. Groundwater exploitation and evaporation and precipitation indirectly influenced the SGW interaction by affecting the groundwater level and river runoff key factors, respectively, and were considered non-key factors.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Vitamin D Status in Infants

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Fink ◽  
Rachel Peters ◽  
Jennifer Koplin ◽  
Justin Brown ◽  
Katrina Allen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Relationship

Vitamin D is critical to children’s skeletal development and health. Despite this, the factors which determine vitamin D concentrations during infancy remain incompletely understood. This article reviews the literature assessing the factors which can affect vitamin D status in infancy, including antenatal and postnatal vitamin D supplementation. Observational data supports that dietary intake of vitamin D, UV exposure, and geographic factors contribute significantly to infants’ vitamin D status, but the relationship is unclear regarding genetic variation, ethnicity, and maternal vitamin D status. Randomised controlled trials have compared higher versus lower doses of infant vitamin D supplementation, but no studies have compared infant vitamin D supplementation to placebo and eliminated external sources of vitamin D to fully quantify its effect on vitamin D status. Knowledge gaps remain regarding the factors associated with optimal vitamin D concentrations in infants—including key factors such as ethnicity and genetic variation—and further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Economic Growth, Exchange Rate and Constrained Competiveness of the Tourism Sector in Andalucía

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Nasir ◽  
Junjie Wu ◽  
José Calderón Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Luxury Hotels ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between tourism and economic growth, analyzing key factors affecting tourism income in Andalucía, Spain. Based on time series annual data for the period 2005 to 2012 and a multiple regression analysis we show that international tourism has made an important contribution to Andalucía’s economic growth. Some of the factors considered in the analysis include the number of luxury hotels, the hotel price index and the exchange rate, though the latter is outside of the control of local authorities under the European Monetary Union (EMU).

Costs and Benefits: A Review of Research on Take-up of Income-Related Benefits

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Craig
Keyword(s):  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Continuous Survey ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews recent research on take-up with a view to identifying the most promising lines of further enquiry. In the late 1970s take-up research seemed to be foundering in the face of the complexity of the factors affecting claiming decisions. Progress came via the development of models of the claiming process. The most influential postulated a series of thresholds which claimants must pass in a set sequence on the way to claiming a benefit. One question for future research is whether this model is still the best starting point or whether there are others which capture the key factors and their interaction more fully and accurately. Another approach is to look at claiming decisions indirectly by applying multivariate techniques to continuous survey data to examine the relationship between variables such as age, income and housing tenure and differing probabilities of claiming. A second question is what the two approaches can offer each other. Overhanging all the issues facing take-up research is the problem of sampling a population—eligible non-recipients—for which, almost by definition, no suitable sampling frame exists. The paper concludes by examining various options for identifying this elusive group.

Effect of the molecular weight and its distribution of polyvinylidene fluoride on the relationship between the spinning process, microstructure and properties of hollow fiber membranes via thermally induced phase separation

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Li ◽  
Zhe Chang ◽  
Qingchen Lu ◽  
Changfa Xiao ◽  
Junyi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Thermally Induced Phase Separation ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
The Relationship

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is an important material in the preparation of ultrafiltration membranes via the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. In this paper, four PVDF hollow fiber membranes with different molecular weights were prepared via the TIPS method by using dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate as a mixed diluent. The relationship between the molecular weight of PVDF and its distribution, phase separation, crystallization behavior and spinning process has been systematically studied. The effects of three factors on the microstructure and properties of the PVDF membrane have been analyzed. The flow behaviors of the PVDF/diluent and PVDF melt were tested by a capillary rheometer and a melt flow rate instrument, respectively. A phase diagram of the membrane solution was determined by thermal polarizing microscope and differential scanning calorimetry. The crystallization behavior and angle of orientation of the membrane were tested by using a differential scanning calorimeter and a sound velocity orientation measurement instrument. The microstructures, such as the pore structure and crystalline grain structure, were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the properties of the membrane were examined from the view of water flux, porosity and tensile testing. The results showed that changes in the polymer molecular weights affected not only the dynamics but also the thermodynamics of phase separation in membrane formation. As the PVDF molecular weight increased, the phase separation region increased, but the membrane structure became denser. A wide molecular weight distribution easily produced large pores. Then, the water flux decreased first and then increased.

scholarly journals Impact of Economic Affluence on CO2 Emissions in CEE Countries

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Majewska ◽  
Urszula Gierałtowska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Human Awareness

There is huge evidence for a relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. One of the causes of environmental degradation is CO2 emission which is added to the atmosphere through human activities and excessive industrialization. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between CO2 emissions and measures of wealth in countries of Central and Eastern Europe between 2000 and 2019. The paper extends the research on economic affluence by taking into consideration two measures of economic growth, in addition to GDP, the HDI index is included. The basis for the investigation is the EKC concept. All analyses are based on econometric models with GDP and the HDI index as independent variables. The results are not conclusive and there is no one model which best describes the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Verification of the models indicates the better fit of models with the HDI index as the measure of affluence. Moreover, the study confirms that the key factors affecting CO2 emissions are energy consumption per capita which leads to an increase in CO2 emissions, and renewable energy consumption which reduces CO2 emissions. Therefore, technological changes and an increase in human awareness of global sustainability are required.

scholarly journals An Overview of Pre-ignition of Hydrogen Engine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yang Luo ◽  
Chuanhao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Status ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
The Relationship

Hydrogen engine has attracted much attention due to its high combustion efficiency, low hydrogen concentration requirement, low environmental pollution and fuel regeneration. But the key issue pre-ignition has hindered the development of hydrogen engines. In order to have a more in-depth understanding of pre-ignition, this paper reviews the mechanism of pre-ignition, the relationship between the nature of hydrogen and pre-ignition , the key factors affecting pre-ignition and the research status of pre-ignition, analyzes the development trend of hydrogen engine and provides a new perspective for the study of inhibiting pre-ignition.

Factors affecting neonatal viability and the relationship between it and subsequent creep feeding behaviour of suckling piglets

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 221-221
Author(s):  
H. F. Lee ◽  
C. A. Morgan ◽  
M. C. Appleby ◽  
N. K. Waran
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Creep Feeding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Neonatal viability is one of the key factors affecting piglets’ vitality, which ultimately affects the survival and growth of piglets (England, 1974). As colostrum is the only food resource of neonatal piglets, their ability to acquire the colostrum as early as possible after their birth can determine their vitality. Piglets are usually supplied with creep food at some time during the suckling period in order to improve their performance before and after weaning. However, the creep food intake varies between litters and between individuals. Furthermore, the relationship between viability in early life and the acceptance of a new food (e.g. creep food) when they first encounter it, is not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate factors affecting the neonatal viability of piglets at birth and to identify the relationship between neonatal viability and subsequent creep feeding behaviour by piglets on d14-d15.

Power Asymmetry in Franchising

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
pp. 168-182
Author(s):  
Margarita Shakhova ◽  
Ashot Mirzoyan
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The degree of asymmetry of power is one of the key factors affecting the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee. The development of strategies for building relations should correspond to the legitimacy of the measures taken, as well as the costs of harmonization that arise in connection with a decrease in the adequacy of power relations between the subjects of relations. This article reveals the main factors that determine the legitimacy of power asymmetry, the consequences of not legitimate requirements described, as well as the costs of choosing different strategies on the part of the franchisor. The purpose of this article is to prove the inevitability of the emergence of power asymmetry in the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee, as well as a theoretical description of the influence of asymmetry on their relationships. The results of the article can be used by franchisors in formulating strategies for building relationships with franchisees.

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