scholarly journals Delayed elimination communication on the prevalence of children's bladder and bowel dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chao Xu ◽  
Yi He Wang ◽  
Qing Jun Meng ◽  
Yi Bo Wen ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Bowel Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Early Introduction ◽  
Disposable Diapers

AbstractTo determine the prevalence of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) and its relationship with delayed elimination communication (EC) in children. A cross-sectional study was carried out in kindergartens and primary schools in mainland China. A total of 10,166 children ranging from 4 to 10 years old were included. A total of 10,166 valid questionnaires were collected, and 409 children were diagnosed with BBD. The overall prevalence was 4.02% (409/10,166) and decreased with age, from 6.19% at age 4 to 1.96% at age 10. With the prolonged use of disposable diapers (DDs), the commencement of usage of EC in a child was significantly put off or delayed by parents, and the prevalence of BBD amongst these children increased (P < 0.001). The prevalence of BBD among children who stopped using DDs within the first 12 months and after more than 24 months was 2.79% and 4.38% respectively. Additionally, the prevalence among children who started EC within 12 months after birth and those who never engaged in EC was 1.36% and 15.71% respectively. Early introduction of EC and weaning of DD usage has a positive correlation with lower prevalence of BBD in children in China.

scholarly journals The Oral Health Situation of 12-Year-Old School Children in the Rural Region of Ilembula in Southwestern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12237
Author(s):  
Lisa Zumpe ◽  
Tobias Bensel ◽  
Andreas Wienke ◽  
Matilda Mtaya-Mlangwa ◽  
Jeremias Hey
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The Mean

There has been no research on the prevalence of and factors associated with dental caries in rural southwestern Tanzania among schoolchildren. Determining the prevalence of and factors associated with dental caries will help to assess the need for dental intervention and prophylactic measures among children in the region. In February 2020, a cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wanging’ombe District of the Ilembula Ward. The data were collected through clinical examinations and personal interviews at two primary schools. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify potential risk indicators for caries. The study included 319 students aged 11–12 years (average 11.92 ± 0.27 years). The mean Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index was 0.24 ± 0.68, and the mean Specific affected Caries Index was 1.66 ± 0.9. The greatest influences on the caries risk were poor oral hygiene (OR 8.05, 95% CI 0.49–133.23), low tooth brushing frequency (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.26–7.26) and low level of education in parents (OR 2.63, 95% CI 0.99–6.98). Dental caries was low among students in rural areas in the Wanging’ombe District.

scholarly journals Caregiver Burden for Patients Diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-sectional Study from Southern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kurupath ◽  
Praveen Arathil ◽  
Rahul Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Mmse Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Updrs Score

Introduction: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder where the individual over time needs more and more assistance from their caregivers to carry on their life and that causes increasing burden on the caregiver. The burden for the caregiver is affecting them physically, mentally and also on a socioeconomic level. Aim: To examine the factors related to caregiver burden in caregivers of Parkinson’s patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Parkinson’s clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kochi, on 100 Parkinsonism patients and their respective caregivers. Patients were assessed using the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr Scale (H&Y) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Caregivers were assessed using Zerit’s Caregiver Burden inventory (CBI). Semi structured questionnaire was administered for socio-demographic details. Non parametric tests were done to examine the correlation among various variables. Results: Among the patients and caregivers, mean age was 70.65±7.30 and 67.31±8.56, respectively. Among the patient’s majority were males (n=74) while among caregivers, majority were females (n=73). Mean duration of disease was 6.79±2.68 years, mean caregiver burden score was 65.05±21.79, mean UPDRS score was 21.89±8.74 and had significant positive correlation with caregiver burden. Mean MMSE score was 17.19±4.91. The disease duration and UPDRS score had a significant positive correlation with caregiver burden score. MMSE score had significant negative correlation with caregiver burden score. Conclusion: This study concludes that a patient’s Parkinsonism related disability accounts for majority of caregiver burden. An early identification of factors contributing to stress in caregivers will help to avoid its persistency leading to a better insight in the caregiving role and thus in-patient care.

Prevalence of Bullying and Victimization Among Primary School Students of Higher Grades in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bander Haddad ◽  
Mohammed Al-Madi ◽  
Moath Alsudais ◽  
Faisal AlMedimegh ◽  
Saqer Alharthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Riyadh City

Abstract Background The current study aims to know the prevalence, effects and types of bullying at primary schools of Riyadh city for both male and female. Methods Male and female students at primary schools in Riyadh city are targeted using Cross-sectional study method. 517 students are included in this study 55.3% are female and 44.7% are male. Riyadh primary schools were divided into five groups according to geographic region North, South, East, West and Middle. The surveys were conducted after the approval of school's principals. In order to get an accurate response, the survey was distributed to student in classrooms in papers. Results 517 students participated in the study. Out of four regions the proportion from the Southern region were the highest at 187 (36.2%). The levels of bullying and victimization was low. Compared to female students, male students showed statistically significant higher bullying and victimization rates. Compared to the five regions in Riyadh city the bullying and victimization rate is highest in the Eastern region, and lower in the southern region. Conclusion The study shows that the levels of bullying and victimization at Riyadh's primary schools was low. Furthermore, research studies about bullying and victimization prevalence rates are not enough and need more researches to improve the intervention and prevent the side effect of it.

scholarly journals Current Treatment Modalities for Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head in Mainland China: A Cross‐Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1776-1783
Author(s):  
Ze‐qing Huang ◽  
Fan‐yu Fu ◽  
Wen‐long Li ◽  
Biao Tan ◽  
Hai‐jun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of Femoral Head

scholarly journals Sociodemographic Correlates of Obesity among Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
José Francisco López-Gil ◽  
Alba López-Benavente ◽  
Pedro Juan Tárraga López ◽  
Juan Luis Yuste Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Per Capita

Some studies have been conducted in order to assess the association between weight status (assessed by body mass index) and socio-demographic factors. Nevertheless, only a few of them have indicated these associations by other anthropometric parameters (e.g., skinfolds). The aim of this study was to determine, compare, and examine the influence of age, sex, type of the schooling, per capita income, area of residence, and immigrant status on obesity parameters in schoolchildren aged 6–13 from the Region of Murcia. A cross-sectional study was carried out in six different Primary schools of the Region of Murcia (Spain). A total sample of 370 children (166 girls) aged 6–13 (8.7 ± 1.8) were selected. In order to determine participants’ body composition, body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and skinfold measurements were calculated. Higher associations of excess of weight (OR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.19–3.20) and abdominal obesity (OR = 3.12; 95CI% = 1.49–6.94) were shown in the case of children from public schools. A greater association of high trunk fat mass was found in children from municipalities with high per capita income (OR = 3.20; 95%CI = 1.05–9.77). Therefore, lower association of having an inadequate %BF was found in the participants aged 6–9 (OR = 0.38; 95%CI = 0.24–0.54), and immigrant students (OR = 2.63; 95%CI = 1.69–4.10). Our study suggested that overweight/obesity among schoolchildren in the Region of Murcia is higher than the overall prevalence of Spain. The results of the adjusted analyses showed that age, type of schooling, per capita income, and immigrant status were associated with obesity parameters.

scholarly journals Investigating differences between traditional (paper bag) ordering and online ordering from primary school canteens: a cross-sectional study comparing menu, usage and lunch order characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Alecia Leonard ◽  
Tessa Delaney ◽  
Kirsty Seward ◽  
Rachel Zoetemeyer ◽  
Hannah Lamont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Wales ◽  
School Canteen

Abstract Objective: To assess differences between traditional paper bag ordering and online ordering from primary school canteens in terms of menu, usage and lunch order characteristics. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: New South Wales (NSW) primary schools that offered both paper bag and online canteen ordering. Participants: Students (aged 5–12 years) with a lunch order on the day of the observation. Results: Across the six school canteens, 59–90 % of all available items were listed on both the online and paper menus, with no significant differences in the nutritional quality (‘Everyday’/‘Occasional’) or nutritional content (kJ/saturated fat/sugar/sodium) of menu items. In total, 387 student lunch orders were placed, containing 776 menu items. Most orders (68 %) were placed online. There were no significant differences between order modality in the quantity of items ordered or the cost of orders, or the nutritional quality of orders based on the classification system of the NSW Healthy School Canteen Strategy (‘Everyday’/’Occasional’). However, nutritional analysis revealed that paper bag orders contained 222 fewer kJ than online orders (P = 0·001), 0·65 g less saturated fat (P = 0·04) and 4·7 g less sugar (P < 0·001). Conclusions: Online canteens are commonly used to order canteen lunches for primary school children. This is the first study to investigate differences between traditional paper bag ordering and online ordering in this setting. Given the rapid increase in the use of online ordering systems in schools and other food settings and their potential to deliver public health nutrition interventions, additional research is warranted to further investigate differences in ordering modalities.

AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATIC DEVELOPMENT

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
Compliment Responses

This paper reports the results of an exploratory cross-sectional study of pragmatic development among three groups of primary school students in Hong Kong who completed a cartoon oral production task (COPT) designed to elicit requests, apologies, and compliment responses. The first two of these speech acts are among the most well represented in the pragmatics literature and are also included in the Hong Kong English language syllabus for primary schools. The latter has also been studied extensively but is not part of the syllabus. Data was collected in Cantonese using the same instrument. Although a number of developmental patterns are revealed—particularly in choice of request strategy, frequency of supportive moves, and use of adjuncts with apologies and compliment responses—there is little evidence of sensitivity to situational variation or pragmatic transfer from Cantonese. This study adds to the small, but growing, body of research on pragmatic development in a second language.

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