scholarly journals The impact of socioeconomic and phenotypic traits on self-perception of ethnicity in Latin America

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Paschetta ◽  
Soledad de Azevedo ◽  
Virginia Ramallo ◽  
Celia Cintas ◽  
Orlando Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Therapy Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Trait

AbstractSelf-perception of ethnicity is a complex social trait shaped by both, biological and non-biological factors. We developed a comprehensive analysis of ethnic self-perception (ESP) on a large sample of Latin American mestizos from five countries, differing in age, socio-economic and education context, external phenotypic attributes and genetic background. We measured the correlation of ESP against genomic ancestry, and the influence of physical appearance, socio-economic context, and education on the distortion observed between both. Here we show that genomic ancestry is correlated to aspects of physical appearance, which in turn affect the individual ethnic self-perceived ancestry. Also, we observe that, besides the significant correlation among genomic ancestry and ESP, specific physical or socio-economic attributes have a strong impact on self-perception. In addition, the distortion among ESP and genomic ancestry differs across age ranks/countries, probably suggesting the underlying effect of past public policies regarding identity. Our results indicate that individuals’ own ideas about its origins should be taken with caution, especially in aspects of modern life, including access to work, social policies, and public health key decisions such as drug administration, therapy design, and clinical trials, among others.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Current Crisis Generated by the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumer Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-99
Author(s):  
Duralia Oana
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIt is well known that the extent to which the supply manages to adapt to the demands and changes in consumer behavior is key to the success of a business or, in the current economic context, to the survival of a business. This paper aims to analyze the manner in which the perception and attitude of the individual towards risk causes major changes in its purchasing behavior and, implicitly, to identify the tools of marketing with a favorable impact on the consumer, in the economic and social context generated by the Covid-19 pandemic. Although the fear and concern generated by the current economic and social crisis are visibly affecting both social behavior in general, and purchasing behavior in particular, finding effective ways to inform and communicate with consumers to facilitate their access to up-to-date and highly accurate information is essential both to meet the growing need for information in conditions of risk and uncertainty, and to guide the purchasing decision towards the best alternative for the consumer.

Consumer expenditures on clothing and footwear: a mixed methods study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cruz-Cárdenas ◽  
Patricio Arévalo-Chávez ◽  
Jorge Guadalupe
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Sequential Mixed Methods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disposal Behavior

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the predictors of consumers’ annual monetary expenditures on clothing and footwear in Quito, the capital of Ecuador, a developing Latin American country. Design/methodology/approach The research followed an exploratory, sequential, mixed methods design. The first phase consisted of in-depth interviews with adult individuals. The second phase involved surveying a similar segment of the population. Findings The present study supports the importance of demographic and psychological factors as predictors. The study also identifies two new groups of predictors: consumers’ reception of used clothing and physical space at home and its management. Practical implications In addition to demographic variables, consumer panels that measure expenditures on clothing and footwear should include psychological measures of participants, particularly clothing involvement. Clothing manufacturers and retailers in developing countries should consider the impact of receiving used clothes by consumers. Because clothing buying and disposal behaviors are positively associated, companies should become more involved in their customers’ disposal behavior. Originality/value The contribution of the present study is twofold. First, it contributes to the understanding of clothing and footwear expenditures by considering the individual consumer as a unit of analysis. Furthermore, it provides insights into this behavior from a little-studied context.

THE IMPACT OF FAMILY PLANNING SUPPLY FACTORS ON UNMET NEED IN RURAL EGYPT 1988Ð1989

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
FIONA STEELE ◽  
FATMA EL-ZAHRAA M. M. GEEL
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the reasons for the high level of unmet need for contraception in rural Egypt, using data from the individual survey and service availability module of the 1988Ð89 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey. Two broad sets of potential factors are considered: characteristics of a woman which influence her desire for children and thus her propensity to use contraception, and factors relating to the family planning service environment in which she lives. The results from a multivariate analysis show that certain individual characteristics, such as family composition and education, have a strong impact on the level of contraceptive use and on the proportion of total demand for spacing or limiting childbearing that is met by use of family planning. Unmet need, however, remains fairly constant across demographic and socioeconomic subgroups of the population. The largest variations in unmet need are regional, but elements of the family planning services, namely the provision of a community-based nurse who distributes family planning and female doctors at clinics, also play an important role.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN SLOVAKIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Lucia Svabova ◽  
Zdenko Metzker ◽  
Tomasz Pisula
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected all areas of our lives. The non-pharmaceutical anti-pandemic measures taken by the governments of the countries to reduce the number of people infected or reverse adverse developments also have a strong impact on the economic side of citizens' lives. The shutdown measures put an end to the activities of many entrepreneurs, who had to lay off their employees. Thus, the Covid-19 pandemic is a major reason behind the rising unemployment. This is also the case in Slovakia. Since March 2020, when the first measures came into force, the registered unemployment rate has been rising. The highest inflow of new jobseekers occurred in April 2020. In this article, we discuss development of the unemployment rate and of the numbers of newly registered jobseekers in Slovakia during the period from November 2019 to October 2020 and examine in more detail the impact of the shutdown measures on the development of the number of jobseekers in Slovakia and on the individual economic sectors according to the NACE classification. It was confirmed that these measures had the greatest impact on the sectors that are also the most publicized, such as the accommodation and food service industry, real estate, administrative and support service industry, arts, entertainment and recreation and other service industries. In these sectors, the number of new unemployment claims increased several times, especially in April 2020, and in some of them, the rate of the new unemployment claims has not returned to last year’s values or those from the beginning of 2020.

Effect of Economic Performance on Subjective Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-72
Author(s):  
Jéssica Dávalos ◽  
José G. Vargas-Hérnandez
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Multilevel Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Welfare State

The effect of Economics on the subjective well-being of people has been usually studied by treating country information in the same way as data from individuals. The objective of this paper is to analyze 17 Latin American countries with data from 2016, by including both effects handled into two different levels accordingly. This work contributes to extend the current debate regarding the impact of Economics on subjective well-being of people by applying the multilevel method. Some of the findings revealed that both the individual economic situation as well as the welfare state and the rule of law of a country generate effects on subjective well-being. Similarly, the effect of interaction between some variables was analyzed, and it was concluded that people with great economic difficulties have a stronger relationship with subjective well-being in areas of higher government spending and higher tax burden.

scholarly journals PUBLIC FUNDING OF CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA: HOW DO WE EVALUATE PROFITABILITY?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
Stephen John Beaumont
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

For Latin American states, it is common practice to channel public funds to Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) to meet various social needs. However, the impact of this investment is not well understood. There is a need for a deeper knowledge of the issues, such as the components that are being financed and how CSOs use the resources. Also, a better understanding of the impact on the individual beneficiaries of the CSOs is necessary. These issues need resolving to move towards optimizing the use of State resources for the common benefit of society. The main hypothesis of this study is that, although the State generally invests a large amount of funding into CSOs, this funding is inefficiently distributed. A more efficient State funding for CSOs, in terms of positive social impact, would make these organizations more socially profitable.

scholarly journals REAC Non-invasive Neurobiological Stimulation for Mitigating the Impact of Internalizing Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Rinaldi ◽  
Margherita Maioli ◽  
Márcia C. Marins Martins ◽  
Pollyanna Celso Felipe de Castro ◽  
Natália Almeida Prado de Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Behavioral Skills ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Allostatic overload occurs when environmental factors become excessive for the individual capacity of neurobiological response and can trigger internalizing disorders. These disorders have a strong impact on individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and can exacerbate ASD symptoms and deficits. A non-invasive neurobiological stimulation technology, called the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC), has been shown to be effective in improving internalizing disorders and remodeling the individual allostatic response. On these premises, REAC neurobiological stimulation treatments have been introduced for the treatment of internalizing disorders in ASD. The aim of this current research was to retrospectively verify the effects of REAC treatments on motor, cognitive, and behavioral skills and symptoms, assessed using the Autism Profiling Questionnaire (APQ). Methods Data were collected through administration of the APQ to the caregivers of 112 individuals with ASD. The caregivers rated every cluster of the questionnaire with a score based on an evaluation scale ranging from 0 to 10. Results At the 3-month follow-up, the caregivers perceived and rated a global improvement of the individuals with ASD in all clusters. Conclusions This research suggests that the mitigating effects of REAC neuromodulation treatments in relation to the severity of internalizing disorders can enhance the quality of life and the autonomy of individuals with ASD, as shown by the shift in the median values in all 21 items of the APQ toward an improvement in symptoms and skills.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Adolescent Hero Identification: The Impact on Adolescent Self-Perception

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody A. Graham ◽  
Jennifer Borden ◽  
Gwen Decaluwe ◽  
Jenni Foemmel ◽  
Kelly Mcgraw
Keyword(s):  
Self Perception ◽  
The Impact
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document