scholarly journals Hygienic quality of soil in the Gemer region (Slovakia) and the impact of risk elements contamination on cultivated agricultural products

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Musilová ◽  
Ľuboš Harangozo ◽  
Hana Franková ◽  
Judita Lidiková ◽  
Alena Vollmannová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Risk Elements ◽  
Factor C ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Gemer region (Slovakia) belongs to areas with a high concentration of risk elements. The contents of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, Hg and Mn were determined in soils and cultivated agricultural production from lands in three cadastres of the Gemer region (Henckovce (48.713845, 20.426189) and Nižná Slaná (48.717373, 20.4208423), cultivated crop—spring triticale; Gemerská Poloma (48.704523, 20.487645), cultivated crop—maize). Bioavailable forms of Pb (0.306–0.532 mg/kg) and Cd (0.104–0.154 mg/kg), pseudototal forms of Cd (3.07–3.98 mg/kg) and Hg (0.484–2.18 mg/kg) represented the highest risk in soils. The highest contents of Pb (Cd, Hg) were in maize from Gemerská Poloma: 0.898 (0.081, 0.399) mg/kg DM. Soils were classified based on several indicators of soil contamination. The highest values of indicators are: Contamination factor (Cf 29.1—Hg), Degree of contamination (Cdeg 51.5), Potential ecological risk factor (Er 1163—Hg), Potential ecological risk index (RI 1,520), Pollution load index (PLI 4.76), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo 5.60—Hg). All indicators concerned the lands of Henckovce and Gemerská Poloma, RI also concerned the land of Nižná Slaná. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was calculated to assess the plant's ability to absorb the risk element. For both crops and all risk elements, BAF values were < 1. Obtained results indicate heavy metal contamination of soils, therefore monitoring of soils in investigated area is necessary.

Toxic Elements Contents and Associated Potential Ecological Risk in the Bottom Sediments of Hrazdan River Under the Impact of Yerevan City (Armenia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gevorg Tepanosyan ◽  
Norik Harutyunyan ◽  
Nairuhi Maghakyan ◽  
Lilit Sahakyan
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research aimed to assess the ecological status of the Hrazdan river section flowing through Yerevan. The distribution of toxic elements (Cr, V, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Pb, Ti, Mo, Fe, Ba), the bottom sediments pollution level and ecological risks, were assessed employing the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), the potential ecological risk index (RI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). On sampling sites, water quality parameters (turbidity, DO, conductivity (EC), salinity, TDS, pH, T°C) were measured, as well. The correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between Zn - Cu, Pb; Cu - Pb, Mo; Co - Fe, Ti pointing out the similar sources and origination of these elements. The results have indicated that the content of the studied elements in the Hrazdan bottom sediments exceed the background content in urban soils, which is due to a set of geological and anthropogenic factors. High contents of elements were determined on sampling sites spatially confined to the residential and industrial areas. According to EF and Igeo data, the priority bottom sediment contaminants are As, Pb, Mo, Zn, V, Cu. The RI value varies from 195.9 to 316.3 with the mean of 245.9 which corresponds to the moderate-level ecological risk. On the whole, a moderate (77.8%) and considerable (22.2%) ecological risk was revealed. An essential source of Pb, Cu, Zn, Mo contents was itentified to be the surface runoffs in urban environment.

scholarly journals Deposited Particulate Matter Enrichment in Heavy Metals and Related Health Risk: A Case Study of Krakow, Poland

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The aim of these investigations was to determine the impact of heavy metals bound with deposited particulate matter (PM) on contamination degree and related toxicological effects by calculating enrichment indices, namely, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and enrichment factor (EF), as well as the ecological risk index (ERI) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ). Calculations were made based on the selected element concentrations determined in deposited PM samples in Krakow. The results of the investigations revealed that deposited PM was enriched in heavy metals. As Igeo provides information on the level of metal accumulation, it was found that deposited PM was practically uncontaminated with Be, Cd, and Tl (class 0) but heavily to extremely contaminated (class 5) with Co and Sn and extremely contaminated (class 6) with As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn. On the other hand, the calculated values of CF revealed very high contamination of deposited PM with Cd and Zn, considerable contamination with Sn, Pb, and As, and moderate contamination with Cu and Li. Values of calculated EF revealed that among the investigated elements, only Zn originated from anthropogenic sources. For Cd, a small influence of anthropogenic sources was observed. For Pb and Sn, non-crustal sources of emission were expected. The calculated ERI values indicated potential ecological risk levels that were very high for Cd and considerable for Zn, as well as low potential ecological risk for As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Tl. Moreover, the calculated mHQ values of severity of contamination were extreme for Zn, considerable for Cr, and moderate for As, Cu, and Pb. The analysis revealed that the impact of atmospheric and re-suspended PM on inhabitants constitutes a complex effect of a mixture of heavy metals simultaneously affecting human health.

scholarly journals Tortum Gölü Yüzey Sedimentlerindeki Metal Birikiminin Ekolojik İndeksler Yolu ile Kapsamlı Risk Değerlendirmesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Kürker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Lake Catchment

In this study, ecological risks arising from the accumulation of some heavy metals in surface sediments of Lake Tortum are discussed based on the use of ecological indices, such as enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (PER) and the mean probable effect concentration quotient (mPEC-Q). Sediment samples were collected from six different sites using Van Veen grab and heavy metal and organic carbon content of sediments were determined. Results testify to the existence of minimal to moderate contamination in lake sediment. The highest value for the enrichment factor pertains to Cd caused by the use of fossil fuels in settlement areas in the lake catchment. PLI and PER estimations, on the other hand, reveals the presence of low heavy metals-induced ecological risk in lake sediments. Ranging between 15% and 29%, mPEC-Q values are indicative of the fact that Lake Tortum is a low-moderate priority site in terms of toxicity level caused by heavy metals.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Heavy Metals Pollution and Bioavailability in Roadside Soil of Alexandria-Marsa Matruh Highway, Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Elnazer ◽  
Salman A. Salman ◽  
Elmontser M. Seleem ◽  
Elsayed M. Abu El Ella
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Roadside Soils ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction

To assess the roadside soils contamination with Pb, Cd, and Zn, 34 soil samples were collected along Alexandria-Marsa Matruh highway, Egypt, and analyzed by using the atomic absorption. The contamination with these metals was evaluated by applying index of geoaccumulation(Igeo), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), the single ecological risk index(Ei), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI). The average concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn were 38.2, 2.3, and 43.4 μg/g, respectively.Igeoindicates the pollution of soil with Pb and Cd as opposed to Zn.Eishows that the roadside soils had low risk from Pb and Zn and had considerable to high risk from Cd. Most of the samples (62%) present low PERI risk associated with metal exposure and the rest of the samples (38%) are of moderate PERI. The bioavailable fraction (EDTA-Extract) was 72.5 and 37.5% for Pb and Cd contents, respectively. These results indicate the remarkable effect of vehicular and agricultural activities on Pb and Cd contents in soil.

scholarly journals Ecological risk assessment of trace metals in the bottom sediments of the young water reservoir – Bardowskiego Lagoon (Warsaw) case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malwina Tytła ◽  
Anna Dmochowska ◽  
Dariusz Dmochowski ◽  
Kinga Jaworska
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load

The aim of the study was to assess the ecological risk of five trace metals, i.e. Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, accumulated in bottom sediments of young water reservoir – Bardowskiego Lagoon located in Warsaw, Poland. In this case, several indices were used, i.e. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Contamination factor (CF), Potential ecological risk factor (ER), Degree of contamination (DC), Pollution load index (PLI) and Risk index (RI). The average trace metals concentrations in sediments, were as follow: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd > Ni. The obtained results revealed that bottom sediments were very highly to extremely high contaminated by Cd and the ecological risk related with this pollutant was the largest. They also indicated that water from the study area was characterized by a low ecological quality, especially due to the content of Cd and Pb. The research proves that problem of cadmium contamination in bottom sediments of young water reservoirs is real and poses a serious ecological risk.

scholarly journals Heavy metals in soils and forage grasses irrigated with Vieira River water, Montes Claros, Brazil, contaminated with sewage wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Matheus Mendes Reis ◽  
Leonardo David Tuffi Santos ◽  
Ariovaldo José da Silva ◽  
Gevany Paulino de Pinho ◽  
Leonardo Michel Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
River Water ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Forage Grasses

 There is great concern with soil and plant contamination by heavy metals due to the use of polluted water in agricultural irrigation. In this study, areas irrigated with Vieira River water were evaluated as to contamination by As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. The Vieira River receives effluent from Montes Claros city, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. To do so, two irrigated areas were selected, one upstream and one downstream of the Montes Claros city. Wastewater discharge increased the concentration of As and Ni in the water of Vieira River, and consequently, of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the soil and of As and Zn in forage grasses. However, the content of heavy metals in the soil did not exceed the internationally recommended limits. Pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) indicated the existence of pollution and moderate contamination in downstream soils of the city of Montes Claros. Potential ecological risk index (RI) and ecological risk factor (Er) indicated a low ecological risk, but these indicators were higher in downstream soils of Montes Claros. Arsenic (As) was the only heavy metal that featured a transfer factor (TF) higher than the widespread values found in literature and positive geoaccumulation index (Igeo), indicative of anthropogenic pollution.

scholarly journals Analysis of heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Iskenderun Bay, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420
Author(s):  
Banu Kutlu ◽  
Tahir Özcan ◽  
Gülnaz Özcan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Iskenderun Bay

Abstract The ecological risk resulting from the accumulation of some heavy metals in the sediments of Iskenderun Bay was assessed using the following measures: enrichment and contamination factor, pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The concentrations of the studied heavy metals were in the following order: Fe > Ni > Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > As > Pb > Cd > Hg. Ni and As had the highest EF values. This situation is most likely due to the presence of iron, pesticide, and fertilizer plants in the region. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Ni, As, Mn, and Cr may have harmful effects on faunal communities in sediments. According to the RI, Site 4 was more contaminated and toxic than the other seven study sites, with “moderate” ecological risk. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was determined by multivariate methods – cluster and principal component analysis. As can be inferred from the RI values, the potential toxic effect of As and Ni in the sediments is moderate.

scholarly journals GEOCHEMISTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE SOIL IN AL-HAWIJA, SOUTHWEST KIRKUK

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2E) ◽  
pp. 36-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Obeidi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources

Soil pollution adversely affects the safety and health of the human being. The main objective of the study is to determine the concentrations of heavy metals (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surface soil in Al-Hawija, southwestern Kirkuk. Twenty-one samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the content of heavy metals and assess the soil pollution by using the contamination factor, degree of contamination, geoaccumulation index, pollution load index and ecological risk index (RI). The results indicate that there is high pollution by lead, chromium and copper (78.8, 87.4 and 53.8 mg/kg) respectively, in industrial areas due to anthropogenic sources with the presence of significant ecological risk (Er) of the lead (116) in site S7, due to its high concentrations, while size fraction analysis indicated that all heavy metals are concentrated in the fine parts as a result of adsorption processes by clay minerals.

Study on Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Sediment from the Yangtze River (Chongqing Downtown Section) in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 414 ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Bing Ma ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Qin Zhai ◽  
Xing Yang ◽  
Yu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Site Factor ◽  
National Monitoring

The potential ecological risk index,proposed by Hakanson, was employed for evaluating the heavy metal contamination of the Yangtze River sediment in Chongqing downtown section. Basing on the analysis of last fifteen years monitored data from two national monitoring sections, the results indicated that: The potential ecological risk of the Yangtze River Chongqing downtown section was classified as moderate. The sequence of potential ecological risk was Zn< Pb (As) < As (Pb) < Cu < Cd< Hg, while the concentration of heavy metal in the sediment was Zn> Cu >Pb> As > Cd > Hg. The concentrations of Cd and Cu had significant correlation, Hg should be taken into prior consideration for pollution control and reduction due to its highest potential ecological risk. The RI in 2005 was highest, Hg contributed the most. All the heavy metal except for Pb had distinctive variance, but the variance of RI was not significant annually, It might carried the connotation of little difference on Pb emission amount. According to the location of monitoring site factor variance analysis, it implied that only the potential ecological risk of As and Cd varied significantly.

Contamination status and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediment of Kelantan River and its nearshore area, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Nagaiah Pooveneswary ◽  
Ahmad Farid Bin Abu Bakar ◽  
Bong Chui Wei ◽  
Choon Weng Lee ◽  
Wang Ai Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Nearshore Area ◽  
Significant Enrichment

Abstract A study on contamination status and ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediment at selected sites on Kelantan River and its nearshore area was carried out. Ten samples along Kelantan River and 25 samples from the nearshore were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determine heavy metal concentrations. Sediment samples were also analyzed for particle size compositions, total organic matter and pH content. The average concentrations for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn were 7.38, 1.31, 17.71, 11.40, 507.15, 5.97, 22.61, 32.95 mg/kg for riverine and 14.14, 4.59, 29.79, 14.07, 389.96, 9.65, 62.21, 41.04 mg/kg for nearshore samples respectively. The potential ecological risk index showed stations Bekok, Manek Urai, and RH under considerable risk followed by station Pasir Mas under moderate risk. The pollution load index classified four nearshore sites (KW10, KW17, KW18, KW37) as polluted. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) categorized moderate contamination for Cd and Pb. The enrichment factor (EF) along the river categorized extremely high enrichment for Cd, and significant enrichment for As, Pb and Mn while Pb and As were under very high and significant enrichment in nearshore areas. Pb, Cu, Zn, As, Ni and Cr showed significant correlations with each other.

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