scholarly journals Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and mental health

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wikus Barkhuizen ◽  
Frank Dudbridge ◽  
Angelica Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Causal Role ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Smoking Behaviours

AbstractCigarette smoking is a modifiable behaviour associated with mental health. We investigated the degree of genetic overlap between smoking behaviours and psychiatric traits and disorders, and whether genetic associations exist beyond genetic influences shared with confounding variables (cannabis and alcohol use, risk-taking and insomnia). Second, we investigated the presence of causal associations between smoking initiation and psychiatric traits and disorders. We found significant genetic correlations between smoking and psychiatric disorders and adult psychotic experiences. When genetic influences on known covariates were controlled for, genetic associations between most smoking behaviours and schizophrenia and depression endured (but not with bipolar disorder or most psychotic experiences). Mendelian randomization results supported a causal role of smoking initiation on psychiatric disorders and adolescent cognitive and negative psychotic experiences, although not consistently across all sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, smoking and psychiatric disorders share genetic influences that cannot be attributed to covariates such as risk-taking, insomnia or other substance use. As such, there may be some common genetic pathways underlying smoking and psychiatric disorders. In addition, smoking may play a causal role in vulnerability for mental illness.

scholarly journals Genetic overlap and causal associations between smoking behaviours and psychiatric traits and disorders in adolescents and adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wikus Barkhuizen ◽  
Frank Dudbridge ◽  
Angelica Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Smoking Behaviours

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological research shows that smoking is associated with psychiatric disorders and psychotic experiences, even after controlling for confounds such as cannabis use and sleep problems. We investigated degree of genetic overlap and tested for causal associations between smoking and psychiatric traits and disorders using genetic data. We tested whether genetic associations existed beyond genetic influences shared with confounding variables.MethodsGenetic correlations were estimated with LD-score regression between smoking behaviours (N=262,990-632,802) and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression; N=41,653-173,005), psychotic experiences in adolescents (N=6,297-10,098) and adults (N=116,787-117,794) and adult schizotypy (N=3,967-4,057). Genomic Structural Equation Modelling was performed to explore the associations while accounting for genetic influences of confounders (cannabis and alcohol use, risk-taking and insomnia). Causal associations were tested using Generalized Summary-based Mendelian Randomization (GSMR).ResultsSignificant genetic correlations were found between smoking and psychiatric disorders (rg = .10 - .38) and adult PE (rg = .33 - .40). After accounting for covarying genetic influences, genetic associations between most smoking phenotypes and schizophrenia and depression remained but not between smoking behaviours and bipolar disorder or most psychotic experiences. GSMR results supported a causal role of smoking initiation on psychiatric disorders and adolescent cognitive and negative psychotic experiences.ConclusionsPleiotropy between smoking behaviours and schizophrenia and depression exists beyond the common genetic basis of known confounders. Smoking also appears to be causally associated with psychiatric disorders and with cognitive PEs and negative symptoms during adolescence. Exploration of the biological links underlying smoking and psychiatric illness would be well-justified.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of adolescent psychotic experiences shows genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Pain ◽  
Frank Dudbridge ◽  
Alastair G. Cardno ◽  
Daniel Freeman ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Psychotic Experience ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genetic Overlap

AbstractThis study aimed to test for overlap in genetic influences between psychotic experience traits shown by adolescents in the community, and clinically-recognized psychiatric disorders in adulthood, specifically schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. The full spectra of psychotic experience domains, both in terms of their severity and type (positive, cognitive, and negative), were assessed using self- and parent-ratings in three European community samples aged 15-19 years (Final N incl. siblings = 6,297-10,098). A mega-genome-wide association study (mega-GWAS) for each psychotic experience domain was performed. SNP-heritability of each psychotic experience domain was estimated using genomic-relatedness-based restricted maximum-likelihood (GREML) and linkage disequilibrium-(LD-) score regression. Genetic overlap between specific psychotic experience domains and schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression was assessed using polygenic risk scoring (PRS) and LD-score regression. GREML returned SNP-heritability estimates of 3-9% for psychotic experience trait domains, with higher estimates for less skewed traits (Anhedonia, Cognitive Disorganization) than for more skewed traits (Paranoia and Hallucinations, Parent-rated Negative Symptoms). Mega-GWAS analysis identified one genome-wide significant association for Anhedonia within IDO2 but which did not replicate in an independent sample. PRS analysis revealed that the schizophrenia PRS significantly predicted all adolescent psychotic experience trait domains (Paranoia and Hallucinations only in non-zero scorers). The major depression PRS significantly predicted Anhedonia and Parent-rated Negative Symptoms in adolescence. Psychotic experiences during adolescence in the community show additive genetic effects and partly share genetic influences with clinically-recognized psychiatric disorders, specifically schizophrenia and major depression.

scholarly journals Dissecting the genetic overlap of education, socioeconomic status, and mental health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Wendt ◽  
G. A. Pathak ◽  
T. Lencz ◽  
J. H. Krystal ◽  
J. Gelernter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Genome Wide Data

AbstractSocioeconomic status (SES) and education (EDU) are phenotypically associated with psychiatric disorders and behavior. It remains unclear how these associations influence the genetic risk for mental health traits and EDU/SES individually. Using information from >1 million individuals, we conditioned the genetic risk for psychiatric disorders, personality traits, brain imaging phenotypes, and externalizing behaviors with genome-wide data for EDU/SES. Accounting for EDU/SES significantly affected the observed heritability of psychiatric traits ranging from 2.44% h2 decrease for bipolar disorder to 29.0% h2 decrease for Tourette syndrome. Neuroticism h2 significantly increased by 20.23% after conditioning with SES. After EDU/SES conditioning, novel neuronal cell-types were identified for risky behavior (excitatory), major depression (inhibitory), schizophrenia (excitatory and GABAergic), and bipolar disorder (excitatory). Conditioning with EDU/SES also revealed unidirectional causality between brain morphology and mental health phenotypes. Our results indicate genetic discoveries of mental health outcomes may be limited by genetic overlap with EDU/SES.

scholarly journals 86 GENETIC OVERLAP BETWEEN PSYCHOTIC EXPERIENCES IN THE COMMUNITY ACROSS AGE AND WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S107-S108
Author(s):  
Angelica Ronald ◽  
Wikus Barkhuizen ◽  
Oliver Pain ◽  
Frank Dudbridge
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Genetic Overlap

scholarly journals The Association between Child and Parent Psychiatric Disorders in Families Exposed to Flood and/or Dioxin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Min Hyung Lee ◽  
Betty Pfefferbaum ◽  
Robert Portley ◽  
Vinay Kotamarti ◽  
Fatih Canan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
New Information ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Psychiatric Outcomes ◽  
Great Harm

Associations of disaster mental health sequelae between children and their parents have been demonstrated, but not using full diagnostic assessment. This study examined children and their parents after a series of disasters in 1982 to investigate associations of their psychiatric outcomes. Members of 169 families exposed to floods and/or dioxin or no disaster were assessed in 1986–1987 with structured diagnostic interviews. This vintage dataset collected several decades ago provides new information to this field because of the methodological rigor that is unparalleled in this literature. Disaster-related PTSD and incident postdisaster disorders in children were associated, respectively with disaster-related PTSD and incident postdisaster disorders in the chief caregiver and mother. More flood-only than dioxin-only exposed parents reported great harm by the disaster, but neither children nor parents in these two groups differed in incident psychiatric disorders. Although this study did not determine the direction of causal influences, its findings suggest that clinicians working with disaster-exposed families should work with children and adult members together, as their mental health outcomes may be intertwined.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Suicidality and Socio-Demographic Variables, Physical Disorders, and Psychiatric Disorders: Results from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4365
Author(s):  
Kundadak Ganesh Kudva ◽  
Edimansyah Abdin ◽  
Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar ◽  
Boon Yiang Chua ◽  
Saleha Shafie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Study ◽  
The Relationship

Suicidality encompasses suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts. This paper aims to establish associations between suicidality and sociodemographic variables, physical disorders, and psychiatric disorders. The Singapore Mental Health Study 2016 was a population-level epidemiological survey, which determined the prevalence of physical disorders, psychiatric disorders, and suicidality. Questionnaires were used to determine socio-demographic information. A total of 6216 respondents were interviewed. Lifetime prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts were 7.8%, 1.6%, and 1.6%, respectively. All components of suicidality were more likely in those with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, alcohol use disorder, and chronic pain. Suicidal ideation and attempts were more likely in those with diabetes. Age above 65, being male, and a monthly household income of ≥ SGD 10,000 were associated with a lower likelihood of suicidal ideation. These findings indicate that there are high-risk groups for whom suicidality is a concern, and for whom interventions may be needed.

scholarly journals Treating sleep problems in young people at ultra-high-risk of psychosis: study protocol for a single-blind parallel group randomised controlled feasibility trial (SleepWell)

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e045235
Author(s):  
Felicity Waite ◽  
Thomas Kabir ◽  
Louise Johns ◽  
Jill Mollison ◽  
Apostolos Tsiachristas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundEffective interventions, targeting key contributory causal factors, are needed to prevent the emergence of severe mental health problems in young people. Insomnia is a common clinical issue that is problematic in its own right but that also leads to the development and persistence of psychotic experiences. The implication is that treating sleep problems may prevent the onset of psychosis. We collected initial case series data with 12 young people at ultra-high-risk of psychosis. Post-intervention, there were improvements in sleep, depression and psychotic experiences. Now we test the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial, with a clinical aim to treat sleep problems and hence reduce depression, psychotic experiences, and prevent transition to psychosis.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled feasibility trial will be conducted. Forty patients aged 14 to 25 years who are at ultra-high-risk of psychosis and have sleep disturbance will be recruited from National Health Service (NHS) mental health services. Participants will be randomised to receive either a novel, targeted, youth-focussed sleep intervention in addition to usual care or usual care alone. Assessor-blinded assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3 months (post-intervention) and 9 months (follow-up). The eight-session psychological intervention will target the key mechanisms which disrupt sleep: circadian rhythm irregularities, low sleep pressure, and hyperarousal. To gain an in-depth understanding of participants’ views on the acceptability of the intervention and study procedures, 16 participants (n=10 intervention, n=6 control) will take part in qualitative interviews. Analyses will focus on feasibility outcomes (recruitment, retention, and treatment uptake rates) and provide initial CI estimates of intervention effects. Thematic analysis of the qualitative interviews will assess the acceptability of the intervention and trial procedures.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has received ethical approval from the NHS Health Research Authority. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and lay networks.Trial registration numberISRCTN85601537.

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