scholarly journals Evaluation of a novel, multi-functional inhibitor compound for prevention of biofilm formation on carbon steel in marine environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Tuck ◽  
Elizabeth Watkin ◽  
Maria Forsyth ◽  
Anthony Somers ◽  
Mahdi Ghorbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Viable Cell Number ◽  
Initial Surface ◽  
Bacterial Strains

AbstractChemical biocides remain the most effective mitigation strategy against microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), one of the costliest and most pervasive forms of corrosion in industry. However, toxicity and environmental concerns associated with these compounds are encouraging the development of more environmentally friendly MIC inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial effect of a novel, multi-functional organic corrosion inhibitor (OCI) compound, cetrimonium trans-4-hydroxy-cinnamate (CTA-4OHcinn). Attachment of three bacterial strains, Shewanella chilikensis, Pseudomonas balearica and Klebsiella pneumoniae was evaluated on wet-ground (120 grit finish) and pre-oxidised carbon steel surfaces (AISI 1030), in the presence and absence of the new OCI compound. Our study revealed that all strains preferentially attached to pre-oxidised surfaces as indicated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and standard colony forming unit (CFU) quantification assays. The inhibitor compound at 10 mM demonstrated 100% reduction in S. chilikensis attachment independent of initial surface condition, while the other two strains were reduced by at least 99.7% of the original viable cell number. Our results demonstrate that CTA-4OHcinn is biocidal active and has promise as a multifunctional, environmentally sound MIC inhibitor for industrial applications.

scholarly journals Polymeric Nanoparticles Active against Dual-Species Bacterial Biofilms

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4958
Author(s):  
Jessa Marie V. Makabenta ◽  
Jungmi Park ◽  
Cheng-Hsuan Li ◽  
Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ahmed Nabawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Biofilm infections are a global public health threat, necessitating new treatment strategies. Biofilm formation also contributes to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Biofilm-associated chronic infections typically involve colonization by more than one bacterial species. The co-existence of multiple species of bacteria in biofilms exacerbates therapeutic challenges and can render traditional antibiotics ineffective. Polymeric nanoparticles offer alternative antimicrobial approaches to antibiotics, owing to their tunable physico-chemical properties. Here, we report the efficacy of poly(oxanorborneneimide) (PONI)-based antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) against multi-species bacterial biofilms. PNPs showed good dual-species biofilm penetration profiles as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was observed, with reduction in both bacterial viability and overall biofilm mass. Further, PNPs displayed minimal fibroblast toxicity and high antimicrobial activity in an in vitro co-culture model comprising fibroblast cells and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study highlights a potential clinical application of the presented polymeric platform.

scholarly journals The Interaction of N-Acetylcysteine and Serum Transferrin Promotes Bacterial Biofilm Formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1399-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supeng Yin ◽  
Bei Jiang ◽  
Guangtao Huang ◽  
Yulong Zhang ◽  
Bo You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Background/Aims: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a novel and promising agent with activity against bacterial biofilms. Human serum also inhibits biofilm formation by some bacteria. We tested whether the combination of NAC and human serum offers greater anti-biofilm activity than either agent alone. Methods: Microtiter plate assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate bacterial biofilm formation in the presence of NAC and human serum. qPCR was used to examine expression of selected biofilm-associated genes. Extracellular matrix (ECM) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The antioxidants GSH or ascorbic acid were used to replace NAC, and human transferrin, lactoferrin, or bovine serum albumin were used to replace serum proteins in biofilm formation assays. A rat central venous catheter model was developed to evaluate the effect of NAC on biofilm formation in vivo. Results: NAC and serum together increased biofilm formation by seven different bacterial strains. In Staphylococcus aureus, expression of genes for some global regulators and for genes in the ica-dependent pathway increased markedly. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, transcription of las, the PQS quorum sensing (QS) systems, and the two-component system GacS/GacA increased significantly. ECM production by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was also enhanced. The potentiation of biofilm formation is due mainly to interaction between NAC and transferrin. Intravenous administration of NAC increased colonization by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on implanted catheters. Conclusions: NAC used intravenously or in the presence of blood increases bacterial biofilm formation rather than inhibits it.

scholarly journals Organo-Selenium-Containing Polyester Bandage Inhibits Bacterial Biofilm Growth on the Bandage and in the Wound

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Phat Tran ◽  
Tyler Enos ◽  
Keaton Luth ◽  
Abdul Hamood ◽  
Coby Ray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Model

The dressing material of a wound plays a key role since bacteria can live in the bandage and keep re-infecting the wound, thus a bandage is needed that blocks biofilm in the bandage. Using an in vivo wound biofilm model, we examined the effectiveness of an organo-selenium (OS)-coated polyester dressing to inhibit the growth of bacteria in a wound. Staphylococcus aureus (as well as MRSA, Methicillin resistant Staph aureus), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were chosen for the wound infection study. All the bacteria were enumerated in the wound dressing and in the wound tissue under the dressing. Using colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, over 7 logs of inhibition (100%) was found for all the bacterial strains on the material of the OS-coated wound dressing and in the tissue under that dressing. Confocal laser scanning microscopy along with IVIS spectrum in vivo imaging confirmed the CFU results. Thus, the dressing acts as a reservoir for a biofilm, which causes wound infection. The same results were obtained after soaking the dressing in PBS at 37 °C for three months before use. These results suggest that an OS coating on polyester dressing is both effective and durable in blocking wound infection.

scholarly journals A Novel Hybrid Peptide Composed of LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 With Enhanced Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Biofilm Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelladurai Ajish ◽  
Sungtae Yang ◽  
S. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Hye Jung Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hybrid Peptide ◽  
Cell Selectivity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Hybridizing two known antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is a simple and effective strategy for designing antimicrobial agents with enhanced cell selectivity against bacterial cells. Here, we generated a hybrid peptide Lf-KR in which LfcinB6 and KR-12-a4 were linked with a Pro hinge to obtain a novel AMP with potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm activities. Lf-KR exerted superior cell selectivity for bacterial cells over sheep red blood cells. Lf-KR showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities (MIC: 4–8 mM) against tested 12 bacterial strains and retained its antimicrobial activity in the presence of salts at physiological concentrations. Membrane depolarization and dye leakage assays showed that the enhanced antimicrobial activity of Lf-KR was due to increased permeabilization and depolarization of microbial membranes. Lf-KR significantly inhibited the expression and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (NO and TNF-a) in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In addition, Lf-KR showed a powerful eradication effect on preformed multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) biofilms. We confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy that a large portion of the preformed MDRPA biofilm structure was perturbed by the addition of Lf-KR. Collectively, our results suggest that Lf-KR can be an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-biofilm candidate as a pharmaceutical agent.

scholarly journals Electrochemical and surface analytical techniques applied to microbiologically influenced corrosion investigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Trif ◽  
Abdul Shaban ◽  
Judit Telegdi
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSuitable application of techniques for detection and monitoring of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of the interactions and for selecting inhibition and control approaches. This paper presents a review of the application of electrochemical and surface analytical techniques in studying the MIC process of metals and their alloys. Conventional electrochemical techniques, such as corrosion potential (Ecorr), redox potential, dual-cell technique, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical noise (EN) analysis, and microelectrode techniques, are discussed, with examples of their use in various MIC studies. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, which is newly used in MIC study, is also discussed. Microscopic techniques [scanning electron microscopy (SEM), environmental SEM (ESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal laser microscopy (CLM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), confocal Raman microscopy] and spectroscopic analytical methods [Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)] are also highlighted. This review highlights the heterogeneous characteristics of microbial consortia and use of special techniques to study their probable effects on the metal substrata. The aim of this review is to motivate using a combination of new procedures for research and practical measurement and calculation of the impact of MIC and biofilms on metals and their alloys.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Anticorrosion Activity of a Novel Composite Biocide against Mixed Bacterial Strains in Taiwanese Marine Environments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6156
Author(s):  
Soul-Yi Chang ◽  
Shih-Yen Huang ◽  
Yu-Ren Chu ◽  
Shun-Yi Jian ◽  
Kai-Yin Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Taiwan is an island with a humid subtropical climate. The relatively warm seawater results in biofouling of the surfaces of marine facilities. Biocide application is a common practice for combating and eliminating adhesive fouling. However, a single type of biocide may have limited antimicrobial effects due to the relatively high microbial diversity in marine environments. Therefore, applying a mixture of various biocides may be necessary. In this study, the antimicrobial and anticorrosion properties of a newly designed composite biocide, namely a combination of thymol and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride, were investigated by applying the biocide to 304 stainless steel substrates immersed in inocula containing bacterial strains from Tamsui and Zuoying harbors. The ability of 3TB and 5TB treatments to prevent sessile cells and biofilm formation on the 304 stainless steel coupon surface was determined through scanning electron microscopy investigation. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated that the 5TB treatment achieved a greater bactericidal effect in both the Tamsui and Zuoying inocula. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the diameter of the Nyquist semicircle was almost completely unaffected by Tamsui or Zuoying under the 5TB treatment. Through these assessments of antimicrobial activity and corrosion resistance, 5TB treatment was demonstrated to have superior bactericidal activity against mixed strains in both southern and northern Taiwanese marine environments.

scholarly journals Cryptides Identified in Human Apolipoprotein B as New Weapons to Fight Antibiotic Resistance in Cystic Fibrosis Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Gaglione ◽  
Angela Cesaro ◽  
Eliana Dell’Olmo ◽  
Rocco Di Girolamo ◽  
Luca Tartaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Apolipoprotein B ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Human Apolipoprotein ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics

Chronic respiratory infections are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and are characterized by the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and biofilm formation, generally recalcitrant to treatment with conventional antibiotics. Hence, novel effective strategies are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides represent new promising therapeutic agents. Here, we analyze for the first time the efficacy of three versions of a cryptide identified in human apolipoprotein B (ApoB, residues 887-922) towards bacterial strains clinically isolated from CF patients. Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of ApoB-derived cryptides have been analyzed by broth microdilution assays, crystal violet assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation assays have been performed to test cryptide effects on human host cells. ApoB-derived cryptides have been found to be endowed with significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties towards Pseudomonas and Burkholderia strains clinically isolated from CF patients. Peptides have been also found to be able to act in combination with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, and they are harmless when tested on human bronchial epithelial mesothelial cells. These findings open interesting perspectives to cryptide applicability in the treatment of chronic lung infections associated with CF disease.

Biofilm Formation and Stainless Steel Corrosion Analysis of Leptothrix discophora

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Thyssen ◽  
David Holuscha ◽  
Jens Kuhn ◽  
Friederike Walter ◽  
Wolfram Fürbeth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Pitting Potential

Bioleaching and biocorrosion are based on similar biochemical processes. Microbe-surface interaction, biofilm formation and concomitant extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production gained increasing interest in the past decades. Nowadays it is generally accepted that biofilm formation and an accompanying formation of manganese oxides by manganese oxidizing bacteria such as Leptothrix spp. account for one type of pitting corrosion of stainless steel (SS). However, little is known about biofilm formation, EPS composition of manganese oxidizing microorganisms and their influence on microbiologically influenced corrosion. Consequently, we studied biofilm formation of Leptothrixdiscophora, the biooxidation of manganese in biofilms on floating filters as well as biofilm formation on stainless steel and the involved corrosion processes. Cells were visualized by epifluorescence (EFM) or confocal laser scanning –microscopy (CLSM). Additionally, the influence of biofilm formation and biooxidation of manganese by L. discophora on the open circuit potential (OCP) and pitting potential (Epit) of stainless steel was measured using a 3 electrode setup. L. discophora grew well in biofilms on floating filters and on SS coupons and incorporated in both conditions Mn2+ in the form of MnO2 from the bulk phase into the biofilm. OCP measurements of actively manganese-oxidizing biofilms on stainless steel showed a significant ennoblement of ≥200 mV.

scholarly journals Relationship of Instrumental and Sensory Texture Measurements of Fresh and Stored Apples to Cell Number and Size

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1815-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpartap Mann ◽  
David Bedford ◽  
James Luby ◽  
Zata Vickers ◽  
Cindy Tong
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Texture Measurement ◽  
Storage Cell ◽  
Textural Attributes ◽  
Textural Changes ◽  
Relationship Of

During storage, many apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) genotypes lose their desirable textural qualities, but some like `Honeycrisp', maintain their sensory Crispness and Firmness. To understand this differential response of genotypes to postharvest changes in texture, reliable and quantifiable methods of texture measurement are needed. This study integrated data from a snapping test, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and sensory panels to study postharvest textural changes and to predict sensory textural attributes of Firmness, Crispness, Mealiness, and Juiciness. Three separate analyses on fresh, stored, and combined fresh and stored fruit data yielded different predictors for the same sensory attributes. Change in Crispness during storage was successfully predicted by change in Work during storage. Cell number and size were related to fresh fruit texture and its maintenance during storage. Unique textural properties of `Honeycrisp' were found to be inherited by its progeny.

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