scholarly journals Associative learning shapes visual discrimination in a web-based classical conditioning task

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannik Stegmann ◽  
Marta Andreatta ◽  
Paul Pauli ◽  
Matthias J. Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Aversive Learning ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThreat detection plays a vital role in adapting behavior to changing environments. A fundamental function to improve threat detection is learning to differentiate between stimuli predicting danger and safety. Accordingly, aversive learning should lead to enhanced sensory discrimination of danger and safety cues. However, studies investigating the psychophysics of visual and auditory perception after aversive learning show divergent findings, and both enhanced and impaired discrimination after aversive learning have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this web-based study is to examine the impact of aversive learning on a continuous measure of visual discrimination. To this end, 205 participants underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm before and after completing a visual discrimination task using differently oriented grating stimuli. Participants saw either unpleasant or neutral pictures as unconditioned stimuli (US). Results demonstrated sharpened visual discrimination for the US-associated stimulus (CS+), but not for the unpaired conditioned stimuli (CS−). Importantly, this finding was irrespective of the US’s valence. These findings suggest that associative learning results in increased stimulus salience, which facilitates perceptual discrimination in order to prioritize attentional deployment.

scholarly journals Associative learning shapes visual discrimination – a web-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannik Stegmann ◽  
Marta Andreatta ◽  
Paul Pauli ◽  
Matthias J Wieser
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Aversive Learning ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Attentional Deployment ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Threat detection plays a vital role in adapting behavior to changing environments. A fundamental function to improve threat detection is by learning to differentiate be-tween stimuli predicting danger and safety. Accordingly, aversive learning should lead to enhanced sensory discrimination of danger and safety cues. However, studies inves-tigating the psychophysics of visual and auditory perception after aversive learning show divergent findings, and both enhanced and impaired discrimination after aversive learning have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this web-based study is to examine the impact of aversive learning on a continuous measure of visual discrimination. To this end, n = 205 participants underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm be-fore and after completing a visual discrimination task using differently oriented grating stimuli. Participants saw either unpleasant or neutral pictures as unconditioned stimuli (US). Results demonstrated sharpened visual discrimination for the US-associated stim-ulus (CS+), but not for the unpaired conditioned stimuli (CS-). Importantly, this finding was irrespective of the US’s valence. These findings suggest that associative learning results in increased stimulus salience, which facilitates perceptual discrimination in or-der to prioritize attentional deployment.

scholarly journals effects of anemia education using web-based she smart to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice in adolescent girls

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Yusring Sanusi Baso ◽  
Healthy Hidayanty ◽  
Syafruddin Syarif ◽  
Aminuddin Aminuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Normal Numbers ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Smart Education ◽  
The Impact

Anemia is a state of hemoglobin levels in the bloodless than normal numbers according to the sex and age group. The impact of anemia in adolescents is a decrease in achievement and learning spirit and can cause symptoms such as paleness, lethargy, decreased appetite, and growth disorders. Anemia has an impact not only on the health of adolescent girls but can have a long impact on the health of the mother and fetus. You can see the influence of anemia education on knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Uses the Pre-experimental method with the design of one group pretest and posttest. Sampling technique using purposive sampling with the number of 47 adolescent girls. The research was conducted at Senior High School 12 Makassar in September-October 2021. Data analysis using the McNemar test. From the results of statistical tests showed that there was an influence on the use of web-based she smart education model on the use of adolescent girls about anemia with p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05), attitude p-value = 0.016 (p<0.05) and action p-value = 0.001 (p<0.05). Anemia education using web-based she smart can improve knowledge, attitudes, and practice before and after an intervention.

A Web-Based Tutorial to Enhance Student Learning of Activity Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Perlman ◽  
Cynthia Weston ◽  
Erika Gisel
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Activity Analysis ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Occupational Therapy Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
The Impact

Background. This paper describes the impact on learning of a web-based tutorial for the application of activity analysis, with occupational therapy students, at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. This tutorial offers unique, interactive instructional strategies allowing for self-directed higher cognitive and reflective learning, which has not been possible, to date, in current web-based technology. Scope. Through repeated practice, students collaboratively (in dyads) apply concepts of activity analysis, and receive immediate feedback by comparing their answers to a standard. Methods and Results. Comparisons of performance outcomes on summative exams before and after implementation of the tutorial are made, suggesting a decrease in variance scores indicating fewer students are falling below the class average. These results are attributed to opportunities to practice activity analysis and to receive immediate feedback. Practice Implications. Web-based instruction can impact student learning if the instructional strategies ensure coherence with all other instructional components, match the learning outcomes, facilitate self-directed and collaborative learning, and allow for practice and feedback.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Xingtai City

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zhihui Duan ◽  
Qiong Duan ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Xiaochong Zhang ◽  
Shengyun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Background and Aims. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has severely impacted the daily practice of gastrointestinal endoscopy worldwide. Most endoscopy centers in China were shut down in late January 2020. We investigated the impact of the shutdown on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) events in Xingtai City, Hebei Province, China. Methods. A web-based survey collected information on gastroscopy workload and AUGIB events. The study period was from 4 weeks before to 4 weeks after lockdown initiation in Xingtai City. Fourteen public gastrointestinal endoscopy centers performing emergency endoscopies were contacted via e-mail to collect weekly emergency gastroscopy volumes and the number of AUGIB events. AUGIB was defined as recent melena, hematemesis, or both, with an endoscopically visible source of bleeding. Results. Twelve (85.7%) of the 14 surveyed gastrointestinal endoscopy centers in the city- and county-level hospitals responded. Altogether, 4,045 and 1,077 gastroscopy procedures were performed 4 weeks before and after lockdown initiation (73.4% reduction), respectively. Peptic ulcer-related AUGIB and variceal AUGIB events showed a 58.5% and 52.9% decline, respectively, compared with pre-COVID-19 data. Although the absolute number of AUGIB events decreased during the pandemic (from 149 to 66), the likelihood of detecting AUGIB during gastroscopy increased (3.68% (pre-COVID-19 period) versus 6.13% (COVID-19 period); P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a considerable reduction in gastroscopy workload and AUGIB events; however, the likelihood of detecting AUGIB increased significantly during gastroscopies.

scholarly journals Mathematical model in assesment of saltwater intrusion in Saigon – Dong Nai river system (Southern Vietnam) due to sea level rise

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thong Chi Ho ◽  
Ngo Van Dau ◽  
Giang Song Le ◽  
Oanh Thi Phi Tran
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Saltwater Intrusion ◽  
River System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

SaiGon –DongNai (SG-DN) river system plays a vital role in developing the southern key economic triangle including Ho Chi Minh City, DongNai and BinhDuong provinces. Saltwater intrusion results from many factors and complex movements in SG–DN river system, in the midst of which are sea level rise and water regulation of upstream reservoirs. Theses causes have gradually changed the hydraulic regimes of the river system. As a result, saltwater intrusion has become seriously. In this article, the authors used mathematical models to investigate the change of saltwater boundary of the river system before and after the impact of sea level rise and the regulatory regime of the reservoirs. The findings contributed to the predicted scenarios where sea level rise and salinity boundary could be controlled through the regulation of upstream reservoirs.

scholarly journals A Survey of Psychiatric Healthcare Workers' Perception of Working Environment and Possibility to Recover Before and After the First Wave of COVID-19 in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Alexiou ◽  
Steinn Steingrimsson ◽  
Magnus Akerstrom ◽  
Ingibjörg H. Jonsdottir ◽  
Linda Ahlstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived working environment, including the possibility to recover, among psychiatric healthcare workers (PHCWs) in comparison with pre-pandemic measures.Method: A link to an anonymous, web-based COVID-19 related survey was sent via email to all PHCWs at a university hospital in Sweden (n = 1,618) in September 2020. The response rate was 38% (566 of 1,507 eligible participants). Working environment survey responses collected in 2019 were used as pre-pandemic comparators. Statistical analyses were performed to assess overall impact over time on work demands, support, motivation, and recovery, stratified by professional role, and considering variables such as access to personal protective equipment.Results: The percentage of individuals responding negatively to statements about working environment increased significantly for most items after the first wave. Similarly, the increase of five of the investigated factors indicated a more negative perception of recovery during the pandemic. Registered nurses reported a greater negative impact of the pandemic on perceived working conditions and ability to recover than other professional groups. PHCWs working with patients with COVID-19 (35%) who reported being worried about becoming infected (12%) or infecting others (17%), or lacking adequate personal protective equipment (22%) were more negatively impacted regarding work environment-related items than those who did not.Conclusions: PHCWs' working environment and possibility for recovery were impacted by the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses being most affected. Although psychiatric services do not directly care for patients with severe COVID-19 infection, the results from this study suggests that mental health services should also prepare for future pandemics.

The impact of a web-based prognostic intervention on physicians’ prognostic confidence.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12106-12106
Author(s):  
David Hui ◽  
Allison De La Rosa ◽  
Zeena Shelal ◽  
John P Maxwell ◽  
Monawar Hosain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Prognostic Accuracy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Secondary Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

12106 Background: Clinicians often hesitate to discuss prognosis with patients because of prognostic uncertainty. The use of validated prognostic models may enhance prognostic confidence and/or prognostic accuracy. Prognostic confidence is a novel concept that has not been well studied and may support prognosis-based decision making. We examined the impact of a web-based prognostic intervention on physicians’ prognostic confidence. Methods: In this prospective study, palliative care specialists estimated the prognosis of patients with advanced cancer seen at an outpatient supportive care clinic using the temporal, surprise and probabilistic questions for 6 m, 3 m, 2 m, 1 m, 2 w, 1 w and 3 d survival. They then reviewed information from a web-based prognostic calculator ( www.predictsurvival.com ) that provided survival predictions from 7 validated prognostic scores, including the Palliative Prognostic Score, Palliative Prognostic Index, and Palliative Performance Status. The clinicians then provided their prognostic estimates post-intervention. The primary outcome was prognostic confidence (0-10 numeric rating scale, where 0 = not at all, 10 = most confident) before vs. after the study intervention. Secondary outcomes included (1) confidence to share the prognosis with patients, (2) confidence to make prognosis-based care recommendations (agreement = strongly agree or agree) and (3) prognostic accuracy. With 220 patients, we had 80% power to detect an effect size of 0.66 with 2-sided α 0.05. We compared the pre-post data using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the primary outcome and McNemar test for secondary outcomes. Results: 216 patients with advanced cancer (mean age 61, 50% female) were included and 154 (71%) died. The median (IQR) actual survival was 90 (39, 178) days; the median (IQR) predicted survival before and after intervention were 90 (60, 90) and 80 (60, 90) days, respectively. Prognostic confidence significantly increased after the intervention (pre vs. post: median 6 vs. 7, P < 0.001). A significantly greater proportion of clinicians reported that they felt confident enough about their prognostic estimate to share it with patients (44% vs. 74%, P < 0.001) and to formulate care recommendations (80% vs. 94%, P < 0.001) after the intervention. Prognostic accuracy did not differ significantly before and after the intervention, ranging from 72-100% for the temporal question, 45-97% for the surprise questions and 38%-100% for the probabilistic questions (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Among patients with advanced cancer seen at a supportive care clinic, the web-based prognostic intervention was associated with greater prognostic confidence and willingness to discuss prognosis, despite not significantly altering clinicians’ prognostic estimate or prognostic accuracy. Further research is needed to examine how prognostic tools may be able to augment prognostic discussions and clinical decision making.

Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (04) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz S. Freudenberg ◽  
Ulf Dittmer ◽  
Ken Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Public Versus Private ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. Materials and Methods A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. Results 113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97 %) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are –14.4 %, –47.2 %, –47.5 %, –40.7 %, –58.4 %, and –25.2 % respectively. Furthermore, 76 % of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8 %) and radiosynoviorthesis (–53.8 %) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48 % of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. Conclusions Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions.

The Role of Web Based Accounting Online System 2.0 as the Company's Income and Expense Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Nur Azizah ◽  
Dedeh Supriyanti ◽  
Siti Fairuz Aminah Mustapha ◽  
Holly Yang
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Online System ◽  
Version 2.0 ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

In a company, the process of income and expense of money must have a profit-generating goal base. The success of financial management within the company, can be monitored from the ability of the financial management in managing the finances and utilize all the opportunities that exist with as much as possible with the aim to control the company's cash (cash flow) and the impact of generating profits in accordance with expectations. With a web-based online accounting system version 2.0, companies can be given the ease to manage money in and out of the company's cash. It has a user friendly system with navigation that makes it easy for the financial management to use it. Starting from the creation of a company's cash account used as a cash account and corporate bank account on the system, deletion or filing of cash accounts, up to the transfer invoice creation feature, receive and send money. Thus, this system is very effective and efficient in the management of income and corporate cash disbursements.   Keywords:​Accounting Online System, Financial Management, Cash and Bank

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

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