scholarly journals Risk assessment and source apportionment of trace elements in multiple compartments in the lower reach of the Jinsha River, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyan He ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Jiang Yu ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Yun Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Lower Reach ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Jinsha River ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
Environmental Compartments

AbstractStudies on trace element (TE) pollution in abiotic matrices have typically focused on water, sediment, and soil, either separately or in pairs. The importance of multi-media connectivity has been ignored. This study analyzed the concentrations of 6 TEs in three connected environmental compartments of a 28-km section of the lower reach of the Jinsha River. The ecological risk posed by TEs was higher in soil than in sediment. The contribution of exposure pathways to human health risk were ranked as ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. An improved regional environmental risk index (RERI) method was then developed to evaluate the comprehensive risk on both ecology and human health caused by TEs. The average RERI value was generally higher in the wet season (0.42) than in the dry (0.41) and dry-to-wet transition seasons (0.08) because of the combined effects of the high TE concentrations in riparian soil and the long exposure time. Source apportionment indicated that industrial activities, weathering of parent rock, and agricultural activities were possible sources of TEs in this region. The methods and results of this study could inform local environmental management and provide references for similar cases wherein multiple compartments of river systems should be considered.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Crude Oil Polluted Soil, Surface & Groundwater Sources in Emohua, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Nnamdi M. Ahiamadu ◽  
Ify L. Nwaogazie ◽  
Yussuf O. L. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Health Risk Index ◽  
Exposure Pathways ◽  
Rivers State

This study was carried out to assess the human health risk associated with a crude oil spill site in Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State,  Niger Delta. The Total Content and Fraction’s approaches were adopted to assess the human health risk. Total Content approach was carried out by comparing the concentration of various contaminants in the environmental media studied with the Intervention Values prescribed while the Fractions approach was carried out using RBCA Toolkit for Chemical Releases version 2.6. The results indicate that concentration indices for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) were greater than the acceptable limit of 1.0 for both the maximum and mean concentrations in soil and groundwater, indicating unacceptable risk at this site. The result from the Fraction’s approach showed that carcinogenic risks are identified for the site through the soil and grounwater exposure pathways as the Total Risk Values for soil (1.7 x10-3) and groundwater (5.6 x 10-1) are higher than the target risk of 1.0 x 10-5 while toxic effects risks are identified for all pathways in the site with Total Health Risk Index for all four pathways greater than the applicable limit of 1.0. Ingestion of groundwater for carcinogenic risk with risk value 5.6 x 10-1 and inhalation of indoor air for non-carcinogenic risk Health Risk Index of 1.0 x104 are identified as the major contributing exposure pathways at this study site. It was therefore concluded that the study site poses unacceptable risk to human health and needs immediate intervention.

scholarly journals Contamination Assessment and Source Apportionment of Metals and Metalloids Pollution in Agricultural Soil: A Comparison of the APCA-MLR and APCA-GWR Models

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Zhouqiao Ren ◽  
George Christakos ◽  
Zhaohan Lou ◽  
Haitao Xu ◽  
Xiaonan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Chongming Island

Metals and metalloids accumulate in soil, which not only leads to soil degradation and crop yield reduction but also poses hazards to human health. Commonly, source apportionment methods generate an overall relationship between sources and elements and, thus, lack the ability to capture important geographical variations of pollution sources. The present work uses a dataset collected by intensive sampling (1848 topsoil samples containing the metals Cd, Hg, Cr, Pb, and a metalloid of As) in the Shanghai study area and proposes a synthetic approach to source apportionment in the condition of spatial heterogeneity (non-stationarity) through the integration of absolute principal component scores with geographically weighted regression (APCA-GWR). The results showed that three main sources were detected by the APCA, i.e., natural sources, such as alluvial soil materials; agricultural activities, especially the overuse of phosphate fertilizer; and atmospheric deposition pollution from industry coal combustion and transportation activities. APCA-GWR provided more accurate and site-specific pollution source information than the mainstream APCA-MLR, which was verified by higher R2, lower AIC values, and non-spatial autocorrelation of residuals. According to APCA-GWR, natural sources were responsible for As and Cr accumulation in the northern mainland and Pb accumulation in the southern and northern mainland. Atmospheric deposition was the main source of Hg in the entire study area and Pb in the eastern mainland and Chongming Island. Agricultural activities, especially the overuse of phosphate fertilizer, were the main source of Cd across the study area and of As and Cr in the southern regions of the mainland and the middle of Chongming Island. In summary, this study highlights the use of a synthetic APCA-GWR model to efficiently handle source apportionment issues with spatial heterogeneity, which can provide more accurate and specific pollution source information and better references for pollution prevention and human health protection.

scholarly journals Farmlands Degradation with Intensive Agricultural Practices and Human Health Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Province Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed Nawab ◽  
Sardar Khan ◽  
Zia Din ◽  
Shah Faisal ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
High Cancer Risk

Farmlands contamination with heavy metals (HMs) can be considered as a global issue especially in developing countries. The current study investigates the various pollution indices, potential ecological risk index (PERI) and human health risk caused by HMs in some selected regions of Punjab Province, Pakistan. Farmlands soil samples were collected, acid extracted and analyzed via ICP-MS (Agilent 7500c) for selected HMs. All the HMs were found within permissible limits set by worldwide regulatory authorities except Cd which exceeded its limit in 68% agricultural soils of the study area. The CF values for Cd showed high (CF≥6) degree of contamination to considerable contamination (3≤CF≤6). The CD values indicated low (CD≤6) contamination to moderate (6dermal>inhalation. Furthermore, the RI values were observed higher than 1.0×10–4 for Cd (Lahore and Faisalabad regions) and Cr (Multan and Faisalabad regions) in children working in farmlands and likely exposed to high cancer risk. So, minimization of pollutants must be the top priority of the state to reduce contaminants inputs and immobilization in soil through environmental protection laws and regulations

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment by Dietary Intake and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Dechloran Plus from Selected Cities of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9543
Author(s):  
Adeel Mahmood ◽  
Jabir Hussain Syed ◽  
Waseem Raza ◽  
Amtul Bari Tabinda ◽  
Andleeb Mehmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers

A class of intractable bio accumulative halogenated compounds polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was studied. Specifically, PBDEs and dechloran plus (DP) contamination in wheat and the assaulted environment—agricultural soil and dust—from metropolitan cities of Pakistan was the focus. The exposure of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) to humans, their probable toxicological impact on health, source apportionment, and the spatial tendency of BFRs were studied. Chromatographic analysis was performed, and concentrations (ng g−1) of ΣPBDE and ΣDP in soil, dust, and cereal crops were estimated in a range from 0.63 to 31.70 n.d. to 6.32 and n.d. to 3.47, respectively, and 0.11 to 7.05, n.d. to 4.56 and 0.05 to 4.95, respectively. Data analysis of source apportionment reflected that the existence of solid and e-waste sites, long-range transport, urban and industrial fraction can be the potential source of PBDE and DP pollution. Moreover, potential hazardous risks to human health across the study area via the dietary intake of cereal foods were deemed trifling, and were gauged on the basis of existing toxicological data.

scholarly journals Mercury concentrations in fish and human health assessment in preflood phase of a hydro dam in Teles Pires River, Southern Brazilian Amazon

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Stédile de Matos ◽  
Anne Sthephane Arrolho Silva Correa ◽  
Solange Aparecida Arrolho da Silva ◽  
Claumir Cesar Muniz ◽  
Aurea Regina Alves Ignacio
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Hydroelectric Plant ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Area Of Influence

Ingestion of fish is considered the main pathway of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), particularly for riverside populations, where fish is the main source of protein. The objective of this study was to estimate concentration of MeHg based on total concentration of mercury in muscles of three species of carnivorous fish: Boulengerella cuvieri (bicuda), Serrasalmus rhombeus (piranha), and Hydrolycus armatus (cachorra), collected from Teles Pires River, Brazil. Furthermore, we calculated human health risk related to MeHg contamination caused by fish consumption. Fish were collected in 20 field campaigns from December 2011 to September 2016 at Teles Pires River, in area of influence of Colíder hydroelectric plant. Risk index (RI) related to ingestion of MeHg through fish intake was calculated considering that MeHg corresponds to around 90% of mercury in fish. There were no significant differences in average mercury concentration between all species: S. rhombeus (0.304 mg/kg–1), H. armatus (0.229 mg/kg–1), and B. cuvieri (0.199 mg/kg–1). RI calculated for sensitive groups (lactating women, breastfeeding infants and children) and RI calculated for general population presented average values, suggesting adverse health effects. This first assessment on MeHg and human exposure to people from Teles Pires River area through fish consumption suggests that mercury concentrations might be posing health adverse effects on people of this sensitive group. Further studies involving more fish specimens and considering fish biological factors are needed to fully understand health risks of mercury exposure to humans in this region.

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