scholarly journals Regulation of subsoiling tillage on the grain filling characteristics of maize varieties from different eras

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-qing Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fang Yu ◽  
Ju-Lin Gao ◽  
Da-Ling Ma ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Filling Characteristics

AbstractGrain filling is the key stage for achieving high grain yield. Subsoiling tillage, as an effective conservation tillage, has been widely used in the maize planting region of China. This study was conducted to explore the effects of subsoiling on the grain filling characteristics of maize varieties of different eras. Five typical maize varieties from different eras (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s) were used as experimental materials with two tillage modalities (rotation tillage and subsoiling tillage). The characteristic parameters (Tmax: the time when the maximum grouting rate was reached, Wmax: the grain weight at the maximum filling rate, Rmax: the maximum grouting rate, P: the active grouting stage, Gmean: the average grouting rate; A: the ultimate growth mass) and rate parameters (T1: the grain filling duration of the gradually increasing stage, V1: the average grain filling rate of the gradually increasing stage, T2: he grain filling duration of the rapidly increasing stage, V2: the average grain filling rate of the rapidly increasing stage, T3: the grain filling duration of the slowly increasing stage, V3: the average grain filling rate of the slowly increasing stage) of grain filling of two tillage modalities were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the filling parameters closely correlated with the 100-kernel weight were significantly different among varieties from different eras, and the grain filling parameters of the 2010s variety were better than those of the other varieties, the P and Tmax prolonged by 4.06–19.25%, 5.88–27.53% respectively, the Rmax and Gmean improved by 5.68–14.81%, 4.76–12.82% and the Wmax increased by 10.14–32.58%. Moreover, the 2010s variety helped the V2 and V3 increase by 6.49–13.89%, 4.55–15.00%. In compared with rotation tillage, the grain yield of maize varieties from different eras increased by 4.28–7.15% under the subsoiling condition, while the 100-kernel weight increased by 3.53–5.06%. Under the same contrast conditions, subsoiling improved the Rmax, Wmax and Gmean by 1.23–4.86%, 4.01–5.96%, 0.25–2.50% respectively, delayed the Tmax by 4.04–5.80% and extended the P by 1.19–4.03%. These differences were major reasons for the significant increases in 100-kernel dry weight under the subsoiling condition. Moreover, subsoiling enhanced the V2 and V3 by 0.70–4.29%, 0.00–2.44%. The duration of each filling stage and filling rate of maize varieties from different eras showed different responses to subsoiling. Under the subsoiling condition, the average filling rate of the 1970–2010s varieties were improved by 1.18%, 0.34%, 0.57%, 1.57% and 2.69%. In the rapidly increasing period, the grain filling rate parameters of the 2010s variety were more sensitive to subsoiling than those of the other varieties. The rapidly increasing and slowly increasing period are the key period of grain filling. Since the 2010s variety and subsoiling all improve the grain filling rate parameters of two periods, we suggest that should select the variety with higher grain filling rate in the rapidly increasing and slowly increasing period, and combine subsoiling measures to improve the grain filling characteristic parameters of maize in production, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing 100 grain weight and yield.

scholarly journals Regulation of Subsoiling Tillage on the Grain Filling Characteristics of Maize Varieties From Different Eras

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-qing WANG ◽  
Xiao-Fang YU ◽  
Ju-Lin GAO ◽  
Da-Ling MA ◽  
Liang LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Filling Characteristics

Abstract Grain filling is the key stage for achieving high grain yield. Subsoiling tillage has been widely used as a conservation tillage method in the maize planting region of China. This study was conducted to explore the effects of subsoiling on the grain filling characteristics of maize varieties of different eras. Five typical maize varieties from different eras (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s) were used as trial materials with two tillage modalities: rotation tillage and subsoiling tillage. The characteristic parameters and rate parameters of grain filling were compared and analyzed using the selected tillage modalities. The results showed that the grain filling parameters of the 2010s variety were better than those of the other varieties, and these differences mainly manifested in the filling rate parameters of the rapidly increasing and slowly increasing periods. In comparison with rotation tillage, subsoiling improved the maximum grain filling rate and the grain growth during the period of the maximum grain filling rate to different degrees. In addition, subsoiling delayed the appearance time of the maximum grain filling rate, extended the grain filling duration, and improved the mean filling rate. These differences are major reasons for the significant increase in 100-kernel dry weight at harvest for subsoiling in comparison with rotation tillage. Moreover, subsoiling enhanced the filling rate parameters during the rapidly increasing and slowly increasing periods. The filling stage filling duration and filling rate of maize varieties of different eras showed different responses to subsoiling. For example, the grain filling rate parameters of the 2010s variety during the rapidly increasing period were more sensitive to subsoiling in comparison with those of the other varieties.

scholarly journals Exploiting Grain-Filling Rate and Effective Grain-Filling Duration to Improve Grain Yield of Early-Maturing Maize

Crop Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Peter Setimela ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
Paul T. Gibson ◽  
Patrick Okori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

scholarly journals Inheritance Pattern of Earliness and Yield Related-Traits in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
A. Elakhdar ◽  
T. Kumamaru ◽  
M. Abd El-Aty ◽  
Kh. Amer ◽  
I. Eldegwy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Grain Filling Rate

To understand the genetic patterns of the physio-morphological traits for barley grain yield, six-generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were used to determine the type of gene action in the four barley crosses. Grain yield showed a strong positive association (r = 0.83 and 1) with Grain Filling Rate in Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 crosses, respectively. The relationship between yield and earliness was not consistent with crosses and positive (r) values were quite low. It should be possible to select early-maturing and high-yielding segregates with high 100- kernel weight. The results indicated that the dominance effect [dd] was more important and greater than the additive effect [aa] and [ad] for most traits. Positive heterosis over the mid- and better- parent was quite similar for the most traits, except for heading and maturity dates, that showed negative heterotic effects. The inbreeding depression was high significant and positive for Grain Filling Rate, chlorophyll contents, Flag Leaf area and 100- kernel weight. On the other hand, it was a negatively significant for the earliness trait (HD, MD, and GFP). The lack of uniformity for estimates of inbreeding depression can be explained by environmental variation and to its influence on the type of gene action. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 13.3% for Grain Filling Period in Giza12/RIL1 to 66.6% for heading dates in Giza121/RIL2 crosses. Genetic advance estimates were low due to lack of additive variance. The crosses Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 would be of interest in a breeding program, for improving characteristics of earliness, yield, and its components.

scholarly journals Cluster Analysis of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Based Upon Response to Terminal Heat Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Poudel ◽  
Dhruba Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Manoj Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Terminal Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Heat Susceptibility Index

High temperature stress adversely affects plant physiological processes; limiting plant growth and reducing grain yield. Heat stress is often encountered due to late sowing of wheat in winter. Fifty wheat genotypes were studied for days to maturity, thousand kernel weight, grain filling duration, grain filling rate, and SPAD reading in alpha lattice design at Agriculture and Forestry University at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal with the objective to identify superior heat stress tolerant varieties after clustering them based on their response to heat stress. All the genotypes were clustered using reduction in thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for grain filling duration, area under SPAD retreat curve, maturity duration under normal condition, maturity duration at late sown condition, grain filling rate under normal condition and grain filling rate at late sown condition as variables and dendogram was prepared. UPGMA revealed that these genotypes formed five distinct clusters. The resistant genotypes and susceptible genotypes formed different clusters. The member of cluster 3 was found to be tolerant to terminal heat stress where as members of cluster 2 were found most susceptible to terminal heat stress. From this study genotype BAJ #1/SUP152 was found most tolerant to terminal heat stress. The genotypes belonging to superior cluster could be considered very useful in developing heat tolerant variety and other breeding activities.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 188-193

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Khan ◽  
M.R. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Cell membrane stability- an important criterion for selection of heat tolerant genotypes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1894-1900
Author(s):  
Anzer Ul Islam ◽  
Ashok K. Chhabra ◽  
Satyaveer S. Dhanda ◽  
Renu Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Cell membrane stability, grain filling rate, grain filling duration, canopy temperature and grain yield were used to evaluate performance of 100 diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under timely sown and late sown heat stress conditions for two cropping season. The genotypes differed significantly for all the traits show-ing considerable variation for improvement of characters. The genotypes WH1165 had significant high grain yield (14.6* g and 11.4g) and (11.3* g and 11.4* g) followed by cell membrane stability under timely sown and heat stress conditions, respectively indicating potential tolerance against heat stress. Correlation coefficients revealed that cell membrane stability (0.451**) and (0.639**) in timely sown and in late sown conditions, respectively were the most important trait followed by grain filling rate (0.882** and 0.744**) under timely sown and late sown conditions respec-tively. Results revealed that bread wheat genotypes which had high value of cell membrane stability had high grain yield showed potential photorespiration and high grain filling rate under heat stress condition. Twenty two genotypes WH1021, WH1155, VL803, WH787, NW1014, Raj3765, HD1869, 2042, WH1124, HD2285, WH1133, HUW234, 4066, Sonak, UP2425, UP2473, PBW503, PBW373, PBW533, SGP13, HD2643 and WH789 were identified as heat tolerant genotypes based on their relative performance in yield components, grain yield and heat susceptibility indi-ces. These genotypes were found to be ideal candidates to be used in developing heat tolerant wheat varieties. Canopy temperature, membrane thermostability and grain filling rate have also shown strong correlation with grain yield. Because of this association, these traits constitute the best available ‘tool’ for genetic improvement of wheat suitable for cultivation under heat stressed environments. Thus, these could be used as indirect selection criteria for developing heat tolerant wheat genotypes that would provide sufficient yields to meet the ever increasing wheat demand.

scholarly journals Synthetic nitrogen coupled with seaweed extract and microbial inoculants improves rice (Oryza sativa L.) production under a dual cropping system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xie ◽  
Ke Wu ◽  
Anas Iqbal ◽  
Izhar Ali ◽  
Liang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

The over-reliance on synthetic nitrogen (N) in current farming is a major concern because of its adverse effects on soil quality, the environment, and crop production. Organic fertilizers such as seaweed extract (SE) and microbial inoculants (MI) provide alternatives to chemical fertilizers that could decrease the amount of synthetic N needing to be applied and improve crop growth productivity. This study evaluated the combined effect of SE and MI with reduced N rates on the growth, biomass accumulation, yield, and yield components of an N-efficient rice cultivar (Baixiang 139-A) and N-inefficient rice cultivar (Guiyu 9-B). Field experiments were conducted in the early and late growing seasons at different sites in Guangxi province, China, in 2019. A total of five treatments, such as T1: N 180 + SE 0 + MI 0 (kg ha-1) (control); T2: N 180 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha -1); T3: N 144 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1); T4: N 126 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1); and T5: N 108 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1) were used. The leaf area index (LAI), effective panicle number, grain per spike, grain filling rate, and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased in T2 and T3 compared with the control. T2and T3 enhanced the biomass accumulation and grain yield of rice compared with the control. Furthermore, differences in the growth, yield, and yield components among the different cultivars were significant; however, there were no significant differences among the different locations. T3 increased the LAI, grain filling rate, biomass accumulation, and grain yield of rice by 4.5%, 5.9%, 6.6%, and 5.2%, respectively, compared with the control. Improvements in grain yield were mainly attributed to the enhanced growth and yield components. The correlation analysis also confirmed that LAI, productive tillers, grain filling rate, and biomass accumulation were positively correlated with grain yield. In sum, T3 (N144 + SE 3 + MI 3 (kg ha-1)) could achieve higher grain yield despite a reduction in the usage of chemical N. Generally, this study provides a sustainable nutrient management plan that increases crop production while minimizing costs of chemical N fertilizer application.

scholarly journals Identification of genotypes and marker validation for grain filling rate and grain filling duration in wheat under conservation agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajbir Yadav ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Soma Gupta ◽  
K. B. Gaikwad ◽  
Neelu Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Increase in ambient temperature beyond threshold level as predicted by global climate models may impact wheat production severely in India if it happens during grain filling stage. Grain filling rate (GFR) and grain filling duration (GFD) are critical determinant for final grain yield realization in wheat. GFR in wheat follow a slow-fast-slow pattern, however, wheat genotypes may have quantitative differences in this pattern. Ninty six diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated for GFR in two phases i.e. during first 20 days after anthesis and thereafter up to physiological maturity and grain filling duration. Out of 96 genotypes, six namely, G958, G1203, G1219, G1275, HD2985 and HDCSW18 were having high GFR during initial phase while seven genotypes viz., G949, G1081, G1124, G1159, G1204, HD3059 and HD2380 exhibited high GFR at terminal phase of grain development. Genotypes, G1263, G1207, G1423 along with some of the released varieties, HD2285, WH1105 and HD2864 were having higher GFD. Correlation between the two traits were not significant (r = -0.17959). ANOVA for GFR and GFD indicated highly significant variability among the genotypes. QTLs identified for GFR and GFD elsewhere were validated in Indian breeding material under conservation agriculture. Two SSR markers viz., XCfd42 and Xwmc500 explained about 6% and 1% variation for GFR, respectively. Similarly, already reported marker Xwmc382 was able to explain about 8% of variation for GFD in the Indian breeding material. It has been postulated from the study that by crossing the genotypes with high GFR in different grain growth stages like HD CSW 18 and HD 3059, genotypes with consistently high grain filling rate throughout the grain growth stage can be developed. The markers XCfd42 and Xwmc 382 can be further explored for fine mapping to integrate in the breeding programme for selection.

scholarly journals Effects of Gibberellin (GA4+7) in Grain Filling, Hormonal Behavior, and Antioxidants in High-Density Maize (Zea mays L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Wenwen Cui ◽  
Quanhao Song ◽  
Bingyun Zuo ◽  
Qingfang Han ◽  
Zhikuan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Regulatory Effects

Dense plant cultivation is an efficient approach to improve maize production by maximizing the utilization of energy and nutrients. However, dense plant populations may aggravate the abortion rate of young grains, resulting in fewer kernels per ear. The rate and duration of grain-filling play decisive roles in maize grain yield. Therefore, to increase plant density, enhancing the grain-filling rate, extending the growth period of individual maize plants and regulating crop senescence would be the first priority. In this study, we examined the regulatory effects of GA4+7 under two application methods: shanks and silks were moistened by cotton full with GA4+7 solution at concentrations of 0, 10, 60, and 120 mg L−1. The results showed that GA4+7 improved the grain-filling rate by increasing the content of auxin, gibberellin, zeatin, and abscisic acid in grains compared to control plants. In addition, the auxin, gibberellin, and zeatin contents in the grains were positively and significantly correlated with the maximum grain weight and the maximum and mean grain-filling rates. Moreover, GA4+7 increased the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases and reduced the malondialdehyde content in leaves compared with untreated plants. At the concentration of 60 mg L−1, GA4+7 showed the greatest effect on shank and silk applications (Sh-60 and Si-60) followed by 10 mg L−1 (Sh-10) for shank treatment and 120 mg L−1 (Si-120) for silk treatment. Our results suggest that a concentration of 60 mg L−1 GA4+7 for shank and silk application may be efficiently used for changing the level of hormones in grains and antioxidant enzymes in ear leaves, which may be useful for enhancing grain-filling rate and delaying leaf senescence, resulting in an increase in maize grain yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document