scholarly journals Cluster Analysis of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Based Upon Response to Terminal Heat Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Poudel ◽  
Dhruba Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Manoj Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Thousand Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Terminal Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Heat Susceptibility Index

High temperature stress adversely affects plant physiological processes; limiting plant growth and reducing grain yield. Heat stress is often encountered due to late sowing of wheat in winter. Fifty wheat genotypes were studied for days to maturity, thousand kernel weight, grain filling duration, grain filling rate, and SPAD reading in alpha lattice design at Agriculture and Forestry University at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal with the objective to identify superior heat stress tolerant varieties after clustering them based on their response to heat stress. All the genotypes were clustered using reduction in thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for grain filling duration, area under SPAD retreat curve, maturity duration under normal condition, maturity duration at late sown condition, grain filling rate under normal condition and grain filling rate at late sown condition as variables and dendogram was prepared. UPGMA revealed that these genotypes formed five distinct clusters. The resistant genotypes and susceptible genotypes formed different clusters. The member of cluster 3 was found to be tolerant to terminal heat stress where as members of cluster 2 were found most susceptible to terminal heat stress. From this study genotype BAJ #1/SUP152 was found most tolerant to terminal heat stress. The genotypes belonging to superior cluster could be considered very useful in developing heat tolerant variety and other breeding activities.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 188-193

Evaluation of cellular thermotolerance and associated heat tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under late sown condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chubasenla Aochen ◽  
Pravin Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Heat Susceptibility Index ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Fifty wheat genotypes were evaluated at the seedling stage of growth, for genetic variation in cellular thermotolerance by cell membrane thermostability (CMS) and Triphenyl tetrazolium choride (TTC) assays. A subset of eight genotypes was also evaluated at the anthesis stage using the same assays. Large and significant differences existed among wheat genotypes for TTC and CMS at the seedling and anthesis stages. Average thermotolerance declined from seedling to anthesis stage. Thermotolerance was well-correlated between growth stages among the eight genotypes for both CMS (r=0.95; p= 0.01) and TTC (r=0.92; p= 0.01). The correlation between TTC and CMS among the eight genotypes at seedling and anthesis stages was significant (r=0.95; p=0.01 and r =0.93; p= 0.01, respectively). The effect of heat stress on wheat genotypes selected on the basis of TTC and CMS thermotolerance ratings were evaluated. 1000-grain weight, grain filling duration (GFD) and grain filling rate (GFR) reduced under heat stress. The heat susceptibility index (S) revealed K-65 and Yangmai6 to be susceptible and NW-1014 and DBW-14 to be moderately tolerant to heat stress. GFR and 1000-grain weight were found to have highly significant positive correlation with CMS and TTC ratings at both seedling and anthesis stages.

scholarly journals Molecular investigations on grain filling rate under terminal heat stress in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (28) ◽  
pp. 4439-4445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Girish ◽  
P ra ◽  
ey ◽  
Rane Jagadish ◽  
Sareen Sindhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Terminal Heat Stress

scholarly journals Regulation of subsoiling tillage on the grain filling characteristics of maize varieties from different eras

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-qing Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fang Yu ◽  
Ju-Lin Gao ◽  
Da-Ling Ma ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Filling Characteristics

AbstractGrain filling is the key stage for achieving high grain yield. Subsoiling tillage, as an effective conservation tillage, has been widely used in the maize planting region of China. This study was conducted to explore the effects of subsoiling on the grain filling characteristics of maize varieties of different eras. Five typical maize varieties from different eras (1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s) were used as experimental materials with two tillage modalities (rotation tillage and subsoiling tillage). The characteristic parameters (Tmax: the time when the maximum grouting rate was reached, Wmax: the grain weight at the maximum filling rate, Rmax: the maximum grouting rate, P: the active grouting stage, Gmean: the average grouting rate; A: the ultimate growth mass) and rate parameters (T1: the grain filling duration of the gradually increasing stage, V1: the average grain filling rate of the gradually increasing stage, T2: he grain filling duration of the rapidly increasing stage, V2: the average grain filling rate of the rapidly increasing stage, T3: the grain filling duration of the slowly increasing stage, V3: the average grain filling rate of the slowly increasing stage) of grain filling of two tillage modalities were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the filling parameters closely correlated with the 100-kernel weight were significantly different among varieties from different eras, and the grain filling parameters of the 2010s variety were better than those of the other varieties, the P and Tmax prolonged by 4.06–19.25%, 5.88–27.53% respectively, the Rmax and Gmean improved by 5.68–14.81%, 4.76–12.82% and the Wmax increased by 10.14–32.58%. Moreover, the 2010s variety helped the V2 and V3 increase by 6.49–13.89%, 4.55–15.00%. In compared with rotation tillage, the grain yield of maize varieties from different eras increased by 4.28–7.15% under the subsoiling condition, while the 100-kernel weight increased by 3.53–5.06%. Under the same contrast conditions, subsoiling improved the Rmax, Wmax and Gmean by 1.23–4.86%, 4.01–5.96%, 0.25–2.50% respectively, delayed the Tmax by 4.04–5.80% and extended the P by 1.19–4.03%. These differences were major reasons for the significant increases in 100-kernel dry weight under the subsoiling condition. Moreover, subsoiling enhanced the V2 and V3 by 0.70–4.29%, 0.00–2.44%. The duration of each filling stage and filling rate of maize varieties from different eras showed different responses to subsoiling. Under the subsoiling condition, the average filling rate of the 1970–2010s varieties were improved by 1.18%, 0.34%, 0.57%, 1.57% and 2.69%. In the rapidly increasing period, the grain filling rate parameters of the 2010s variety were more sensitive to subsoiling than those of the other varieties. The rapidly increasing and slowly increasing period are the key period of grain filling. Since the 2010s variety and subsoiling all improve the grain filling rate parameters of two periods, we suggest that should select the variety with higher grain filling rate in the rapidly increasing and slowly increasing period, and combine subsoiling measures to improve the grain filling characteristic parameters of maize in production, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing 100 grain weight and yield.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR EARLINESS AND SOME VEGETATIVE TRAITS IN SOME HULLESS BARLEY GENOTYPES UNDER NORMAL AND WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Maamoun Ahmed Abdel-Moneam ◽  
Sally E El-Wakeel ◽  
M. S. Sultan ◽  
A. A. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Combined Data

This investigation was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Egypt during the two growing seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). Seven lines and three testers were used to develop barley hybrids for earliness and vegetative traits under normal and water stress conditions. Data revealed that most of the variances due to genotypes, parents, crosses, parents x crosses, lines, testers and line x testers were highly significant for most studied traits under both conditions and their combined data. The water stress treatment decreased the mean of days to heading for parents and their hybrids. The parental Line-1, Tester-1 under all conditions and top cross no. 7 under normal and combined and cross no. 1 under stress were the earliest parents and crosses for days to heading. The stressed genotypes for water, matured earlier than genotypes grown under normal condition. The ratios of GCA/SCA were lesser than unity for all studied traits under all conditions, which mean that non-additive gene effects played an important role in the inheritance of these traits. In such cases, a bulk method would be fruitful to eliminate the effect of dominance in the advanced generation. Desirable significant GCA effects were showed by Line-1 under water stress and Tester-1 under all conditions for days to heading; Tester-1 under normal and combined for days to maturity; Line-2 under stress and Line-7 under normal condition for grain filling period; Line-4, Line-6 under both conditions and combined, Line-3 under normal, Line-7 under water stress, Tester-3 under both conditions and combined data for grain filling rate; Line-4 under both conditions and their combined data, Line-7 under water stress and combined data, Tester-2 under stress and combined data for flag leaf area; and Line-3 under normal, Line-2 and Line-7 under water stress for total chlorophyll content. Moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were obtained for grain filling rate and total chlorophyll content, and high for flag leaf area. Small differences between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability were found for all studied traits under all conditions, indicating the presence of sufficient genetic variability for these traits, which may facilitate selection. Broad sense heritability percentages ranged from moderate to high with percentages ranged from 10.82% for days to maturity at combined data to 97.30% for grain filling rate under normal condition. These results indicate that genotypic variances played the major part of phenotypic variances. Narrow sense heritability percentages varied from low to moderate with percentages ranged from 0.92 % for grain filling period at combined data to 18.92% for grain filling rate under normal condition. The expected genetic advance (Δg) ranged from 0.02 for grain filling period at combined data to 0.36 for total chlorophyll conten under normal condition. While, the estimates of predicted genetic advance (Δg %) ranged from 0.04% for grain filling period at combined data to 7.41% for grain filling rate under stress condition. Generally, traits that showed high values of narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance from selection should be used in breeding program where selection in the early segregating generations will be useful because additive gene action is more important than non-additive genetic components.

scholarly journals Exploiting Grain-Filling Rate and Effective Grain-Filling Duration to Improve Grain Yield of Early-Maturing Maize

Crop Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 2295-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Peter Setimela ◽  
Richard Edema ◽  
Paul T. Gibson ◽  
Patrick Okori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

scholarly journals Evaluation of Spring Wheat Genotypes (Triticum Aestivum L.) for Heat Stress Tolerance Using Different Stress Tolerance Indices

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Khan ◽  
M.R. Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Twenty five spring wheat genotypes were evaluated for terminal heat stress tolerance in field environments in the Agro Ecological Zone-11 of Bangladesh, during 2009-2010 cropping season. The experiments were conducted at Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, using randomized block design with three replicates under non-stress (optimum sowing) and stress (late sowing) conditions. Seven selection indices for stress tolerance including mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), tolerance (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on grain yield of wheat under optimum and late sowing conditions. The results revealed significant variations due to genotypes for all characters in two sowing conditions. Principal component analysis revealed that the first PCA explained 0.64 of the variation with MP, GMP, YI and STI. Using MP, GMP, YI and STI, the genotypes G-05 and G-22 were found to be the best genotypes with relatively high yield and suitable for both optimum and late heat stressed conditions. The indices SSI, YSI and TOL could be useful parameters in discriminating the tolerant genotypes (G-12, G-13, and G-14) that might be recommended for heat stressed conditions. It is also concluded from the present studies that biomass, grain filling rate and spikes number m-2 are suitable for selecting the best genotypes under optimum and late sowing conditions because these parameters are highly correlated with MP, GMP, YI and STI. However, high ground cover with long pre heading stage and having high grain filling rate would made a genotype tolerant to late heat to attain a high grain yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Inheritance Pattern of Earliness and Yield Related-Traits in Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
A. Elakhdar ◽  
T. Kumamaru ◽  
M. Abd El-Aty ◽  
Kh. Amer ◽  
I. Eldegwy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Additive Variance ◽  
Grain Filling Rate

To understand the genetic patterns of the physio-morphological traits for barley grain yield, six-generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2) were used to determine the type of gene action in the four barley crosses. Grain yield showed a strong positive association (r = 0.83 and 1) with Grain Filling Rate in Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 crosses, respectively. The relationship between yield and earliness was not consistent with crosses and positive (r) values were quite low. It should be possible to select early-maturing and high-yielding segregates with high 100- kernel weight. The results indicated that the dominance effect [dd] was more important and greater than the additive effect [aa] and [ad] for most traits. Positive heterosis over the mid- and better- parent was quite similar for the most traits, except for heading and maturity dates, that showed negative heterotic effects. The inbreeding depression was high significant and positive for Grain Filling Rate, chlorophyll contents, Flag Leaf area and 100- kernel weight. On the other hand, it was a negatively significant for the earliness trait (HD, MD, and GFP). The lack of uniformity for estimates of inbreeding depression can be explained by environmental variation and to its influence on the type of gene action. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 13.3% for Grain Filling Period in Giza12/RIL1 to 66.6% for heading dates in Giza121/RIL2 crosses. Genetic advance estimates were low due to lack of additive variance. The crosses Giza121/RIL1 and Giza126/RIL2 would be of interest in a breeding program, for improving characteristics of earliness, yield, and its components.

scholarly journals Cell membrane stability- an important criterion for selection of heat tolerant genotypes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1894-1900
Author(s):  
Anzer Ul Islam ◽  
Ashok K. Chhabra ◽  
Satyaveer S. Dhanda ◽  
Renu Munjal
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Cell membrane stability, grain filling rate, grain filling duration, canopy temperature and grain yield were used to evaluate performance of 100 diverse bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under timely sown and late sown heat stress conditions for two cropping season. The genotypes differed significantly for all the traits show-ing considerable variation for improvement of characters. The genotypes WH1165 had significant high grain yield (14.6* g and 11.4g) and (11.3* g and 11.4* g) followed by cell membrane stability under timely sown and heat stress conditions, respectively indicating potential tolerance against heat stress. Correlation coefficients revealed that cell membrane stability (0.451**) and (0.639**) in timely sown and in late sown conditions, respectively were the most important trait followed by grain filling rate (0.882** and 0.744**) under timely sown and late sown conditions respec-tively. Results revealed that bread wheat genotypes which had high value of cell membrane stability had high grain yield showed potential photorespiration and high grain filling rate under heat stress condition. Twenty two genotypes WH1021, WH1155, VL803, WH787, NW1014, Raj3765, HD1869, 2042, WH1124, HD2285, WH1133, HUW234, 4066, Sonak, UP2425, UP2473, PBW503, PBW373, PBW533, SGP13, HD2643 and WH789 were identified as heat tolerant genotypes based on their relative performance in yield components, grain yield and heat susceptibility indi-ces. These genotypes were found to be ideal candidates to be used in developing heat tolerant wheat varieties. Canopy temperature, membrane thermostability and grain filling rate have also shown strong correlation with grain yield. Because of this association, these traits constitute the best available ‘tool’ for genetic improvement of wheat suitable for cultivation under heat stressed environments. Thus, these could be used as indirect selection criteria for developing heat tolerant wheat genotypes that would provide sufficient yields to meet the ever increasing wheat demand.

scholarly journals Identification of genotypes and marker validation for grain filling rate and grain filling duration in wheat under conservation agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajbir Yadav ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Soma Gupta ◽  
K. B. Gaikwad ◽  
Neelu Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Increase in ambient temperature beyond threshold level as predicted by global climate models may impact wheat production severely in India if it happens during grain filling stage. Grain filling rate (GFR) and grain filling duration (GFD) are critical determinant for final grain yield realization in wheat. GFR in wheat follow a slow-fast-slow pattern, however, wheat genotypes may have quantitative differences in this pattern. Ninty six diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated for GFR in two phases i.e. during first 20 days after anthesis and thereafter up to physiological maturity and grain filling duration. Out of 96 genotypes, six namely, G958, G1203, G1219, G1275, HD2985 and HDCSW18 were having high GFR during initial phase while seven genotypes viz., G949, G1081, G1124, G1159, G1204, HD3059 and HD2380 exhibited high GFR at terminal phase of grain development. Genotypes, G1263, G1207, G1423 along with some of the released varieties, HD2285, WH1105 and HD2864 were having higher GFD. Correlation between the two traits were not significant (r = -0.17959). ANOVA for GFR and GFD indicated highly significant variability among the genotypes. QTLs identified for GFR and GFD elsewhere were validated in Indian breeding material under conservation agriculture. Two SSR markers viz., XCfd42 and Xwmc500 explained about 6% and 1% variation for GFR, respectively. Similarly, already reported marker Xwmc382 was able to explain about 8% of variation for GFD in the Indian breeding material. It has been postulated from the study that by crossing the genotypes with high GFR in different grain growth stages like HD CSW 18 and HD 3059, genotypes with consistently high grain filling rate throughout the grain growth stage can be developed. The markers XCfd42 and Xwmc 382 can be further explored for fine mapping to integrate in the breeding programme for selection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document