scholarly journals Wound-inducible ANAC071 and ANAC096 transcription factors promote cambial cell formation in incised Arabidopsis flowering stems

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita Matsuoka ◽  
Ryosuke Sato ◽  
Yuki Matsukura ◽  
Yoshiki Kawajiri ◽  
Hiromi Iino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Cell Induction ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Wound Tissue

AbstractANAC071 and its homolog ANAC096 are plant-specific transcription factors required for the initiation of cell division during wound healing in incised Arabidopsis flowering stems and Arabidopsis hypocotyl grafts; however, the mechanism remains mostly unknown. In this study, we showed that wound-induced cambium formation involved cell proliferation and the promoter activity of TDR/PXY (cambium-related gene) in the incised stem. Prior to the wound-induced cambium formation, both ANAC071 and ANAC096 were expressed at these sites. anac-multiple mutants significantly decreased wound-induced cambium formation in the incised stems and suppressed the conversion from mesophyll cells to cambial cells in an ectopic vascular cell induction culture system (VISUAL). Our results suggest that ANAC071 and ANAC096 are redundantly involved in the process of “cambialization”, the conversion from differentiated cells to cambial cells, and these cambium-like cells proliferate and provide cells in wound tissue during the tissue-reunion process.

Regulation of Pax-3 expression in the dermomyotome and its role in muscle development

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 957-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Goulding ◽  
A. Lumsden ◽  
A.J. Paquette
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Paired Domain ◽  
Trunk Musculature ◽  
Somitic Mesoderm

The segmented mesoderm in vertebrates gives rise to a variety of cell types in the embryo including the axial skeleton and muscle. A number of transcription factors containing a paired domain (Pax proteins) are expressed in the segmented mesoderm during embryogenesis. These include Pax-3 and a closely related gene, Pax-7, both of which are expressed in the segmental plate and in the dermomyotome. In this paper, we show that signals from the notochord pattern the expression of Pax-3, Pax-7 and Pax-9 in somites and the subsequent differentiation of cell types that arise from the somitic mesoderm. We directly assess the role of the Pax-3 gene in the differentiation of cell types derived from the dermomyotome by analyzing the development of muscle in splotch mouse embryos which lack a functional Pax-3 gene. A population of Pax-3-expressing cells derived from the dermomyotome that normally migrate into the limb are absent in homozygous splotch embryos and, as a result, limb muscles are lost. No abnormalities were detected in the trunk musculature of splotch embryos indicating that Pax-3 is necessary for the development of the limb but not trunk muscle.

Pax-2 is required for mesenchyme-to-epithelium conversion during kidney development

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. W. Rothenpieler ◽  
G. R. Dressler
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Development ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Metanephric Mesenchyme ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells

The conversion of mesenchyme to epithelium during the embryonic development of the mammalian kidney requires reciprocal inductive interactions between the ureter and the responding metanephric mesenchyme. The Pax-2 gene is activated in the mesenchyme in response to induction and is subsequently down-regulated in more differentiated cells derived from the mesenchyme. Pax-2 belongs to a family of genes, at least three of which encode morphogenetic regulatory transcription factors. In order to determine the role of Pax-2 during kidney development, we have generated a loss- of-function phenotype using antisense oligonucleotides in mouse kidney organ cultures. These oligonucleotides can specifically inhibit Pax-2 protein accumulation in kidney mesenchyme cells, where the intracellular concentrations are maximal. The kidney organ cultures were stained with uvomurulin and laminin antibodies as markers for epithelium formation. With significantly reduced Pax-2 protein levels, kidney mesenchyme cells fail to aggregate and do not undergo the sequential morphological changes characteristic of epithelial cell formation. The data demonstrate that Pax-2 function is required for the earliest phase of mesenchyme-to-epithelium conversion.

The Florey Lecture, 1988 - From egg to embryo: the initiation of cell differentiation in Amphibia

1989 ◽  
Vol 237 (1286) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Embryonic Induction ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Muscle Genes

Some of the principles by which different cell types first arise at the beginning of animal development are illustrated by muscle cell formation in Amphibia. If the nucleus of a differentiated muscle cell is transplanted to an enucleated egg, some of the resulting embryos develop into tadpoles with a wide range of normally differentiated cells. These experiments show that genes undergo major changes in activity as a response to components of egg cytoplasm. Two fundamental mechanisms account for the regional activation of genes in early embryos. One involves the effect of localized ‘determinants’ in egg cytoplasm, and the other concerns cell interactions or embryonic induction. Both these mechanisms seem to be responsible for muscle cell formation in amphibian development. The old problem of embryonic induction has recently become accessible to analysis at the molecular level, especially in the case of the mesoderm or muscle-forming induction. This has been greatly facilitated by using a sensitive and quantitative assay to detect the first transcripts of muscle genes a few hours after the start of induction. The role of early events and of interactions among like cells during response to induction is discussed. In analysing specific gene activation following induction, DNA injection into fertilized eggs has shown that a very small part of the cardiac actin gene promoter is sufficient to enable it to respond to induction. Although the experimental work summarized here has been done on amphibian embryos, which are more suitable than other embryos for embryological manipulation, the conclusions reached are believed to be generally applicable to the development of other organisms.

scholarly journals The Most Important Transcriptional Factors of Osteoblastogenesis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Witkowska-Zimny ◽  
Edyta Wrobel ◽  
Jacek Przybylski
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Factors ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Genetic Level

SummaryOne of the key issues of organogenesis is the understanding of mechanisms underlying the differentiation of progenitor cells into more specialized cells of individual tissues. Recent transcriptomic and proteomic approaches of molecular biology have led to the identification of several factors and mechanisms regulating morphogenesis at the genetic level which affect the function of already differentiated cells. In the last few years, several reports about osteoblastogenesis have been published. This review presents recent findings on the role of the most important transcription factors supporting bone formation.

scholarly journals CD4+T Cells: Differentiation and Functions

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishi Vishal Luckheeram ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Asha Devi Verma ◽  
Bing Xia
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 1 ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Follicular Helper ◽  
Follicular Helper T Cell

CD4+T cells are crucial in achieving a regulated effective immune response to pathogens. Naive CD4+T cells are activated after interaction with antigen-MHC complex and differentiate into specific subtypes depending mainly on the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment. Besides the classical T-helper 1 and T-helper 2, other subsets have been identified, including T-helper 17, regulatory T cell, follicular helper T cell, and T-helper 9, each with a characteristic cytokine profile. For a particular phenotype to be differentiated, a set of cytokine signaling pathways coupled with activation of lineage-specific transcription factors and epigenetic modifications at appropriate genes are required. The effector functions of these cells are mediated by the cytokines secreted by the differentiated cells. This paper will focus on the cytokine-signaling and the network of transcription factors responsible for the differentiation of naive CD4+T cells.

Role of TNF- α in sunburn cell formation in a skin organ culture system

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S230
Author(s):  
Kenta Tsuru ◽  
Fumio Washio ◽  
Koichi Nakagawa ◽  
Tatsuya Horikawa ◽  
Masato Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Organ Culture System ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Sunburn Cell ◽  
Skin Organ Culture

Insect–fungus blister galls on Solidago graminifolia and S. rugosa. I. A macroscopic and light microscopic study of the host–parasite relationship

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2466-2477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell R. Camp
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Host Parasite Relationship ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Black Region

The host–parasite relations of an insect–fungus blister gall on Solidago graminifolia and a related gall on S. rugosa were studied. The midge, Asteromyia carbonifera, and fungus, Sclerotium asteris, were associated with both gall types.Externally, young galls of both types had a black center surrounded by a yellow halo. During growth in diameter the external coloration did not change in S. graminifolia; however, in S. rugosa a beige – ashy grey area developed in the center of the black region and expanded outward. In both species the leading edge of intercellular fungal hyphae was present in the halo region. Behind this front, hyphae sequestered to form an undifferentiated subepidermal stroma. The stroma differentiated into a black cortex and underlying white medulla at the margin of the black region. Differentiated cells remained subepidermal in both species except for the cortex that became subcuticular in S. graminifolia. During cortical proliferation in S. graminifolia the cuticle remained intact; however, epidermal cells became isolated and collapsed. In S. rugosa the epidermis separated extensively from the mesophyll but remained intact. Mesophyll cells within the halo and black region exhibited a reduction in number and size of chloroplasts and starch grains in both species.

GATA transcription factors and fat cell formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Tong ◽  
J. Tsai ◽  
G.S. Hotamisligil
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Gata Transcription Factors

RAY CONTACTS AND RATE OF ANTICLINAL DIVISION IN FUSIFORM CAMBIAL CELLS OF SOME PINACEAE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Bannan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Cambial Cell ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Ray Parenchyma ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Anticlinal Division ◽  
Fusiform Initials ◽  
Ray Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Cambial Cells ◽  
Resin Canals

The frequency of pseudotransverse divisions involved in cambial cell multiplication was found to be slightly higher in fusiform initials bordering on fusiform rays than in other cambial cells. The extent of difference was greater in Pinus than in Pseudotsuga or Picea. Because of the larger size of fusiform rays as compared to uniseriate rays, cambial cells adjoining the former were in contact with more ray cells per millimeter of cell length than cambial cells touching only uniseriate rays. As with the frequency of pseudotransverse division, the margin of difference in extent of ray contact was greater in Pinus than in Pseudotsuga or Picea. The evidence therefore indicates that the higher rate of pseudotransverse division in cambial cells adjoining fusiform rays was correlated with the greater area of ray contact, or more specifically, the increased contact with ray parenchyma cells. The higher rate of anticlinal division was apparently the consequence of an increase in ratio of survival of daughter initials arising in pseudotransverse division, some of the smaller newly formed initials persisting in contrast to the usual failure of similar initials situated elsewhere in the cambium. Mean height of uniseriate rays tended to increase with widening of the annual rings, but the size of fusiform rays was influenced to a much smaller degree. The frequency of fusiform rays, and horizontal resin canals, showed no consistent relationship with growth rate, but appeared to be determined by intrinsic factors.

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