scholarly journals One-step direct oxidation of fullerene-fused alkoxy ethers to ketones for evaporable fullerene derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Sheng Lin ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Rong Xiang ◽  
Sergei Manzhos ◽  
Il Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Alkoxy Group ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Copper Bromide ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

AbstractKetones are widely applied moieties in designing functional materials and are commonly obtained by oxidation of alcohols. However, when alcohols are protected/functionalized, the direct oxidation strategies are substantially curbed. Here we show a highly efficient copper bromide promoted one-step direct oxidation of benzylic ethers to ketones with the aid of a fullerene pendant. Mechanistic studies unveil that fullerene can serve as an electron pool proceeding the one-step oxidation of alkoxy group to ketone. In the absence of the fullerene pendant, the unreachable activation energy threshold hampers the direct oxidation of the alkoxy group. In the presence of the fullerene pendant, generated fullerene radical cation can activate the neighbour C–H bond of the alkoxy moiety, allowing a favourable energy barrier for initiating the direct oxidation. The produced fullerene-fused ketone possesses high thermal stability, affording the pin-hole free and amorphous electron-transport layer with a high electron-transport mobility.

scholarly journals One-Step Direct Oxidation of Alkoxy to Ketone for Evaporable Fullerene-Fused Ketone as Efficient Electron-Transport Materials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Sheng Lin ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
Rong Xiang ◽  
Sergei Manzhos ◽  
Il Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Alkoxy Group ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Copper Bromide ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One

Abstract Ketones, one of widely applied moieties in designing electrical and medical materials, commonly converted from the alcohols through the oxidation reactions. However, when alcohols are protected/functionalized, the direct oxidation strategies are substantially curbed. Here we show a highly efficient copper bromide promoted one-step direct oxidation of alkoxy to ketone with the aid of a fullerene pendant. Mechanistic studies unveil that fullerene can serve as an electron poor proceeding the one-step oxidation of alkoxy group to ketone. In the absence of fullerene pendant, the unreachable activation energy threshold hampers the direct oxidation of alkoxy group. In the presence of fullerene pendant, copper bromide oxidized fullerene radical cation can activate neighboring C–H bond of alkoxy moieties, allowing a favorable energy barrier for initiating the direct oxidation of alkoxy group. Produced fullerene-fused ketone indicates high thermal stability, affording the pin-hole free and amorphous electron-transport layer with high electron-transport mobility.

scholarly journals Fabrication of SnO2 by RF magnetron sputtering for electron transport layer of planar perovskite solar cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2145 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
R Thanimkan ◽  
B Namnuan ◽  
S Chatraphorn
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Electron Mobility ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
High Electron ◽  
High Electron Mobility

Abstract The requirements of electron transport layer (ETL) for high efficiency Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are, for example, appropriate band energy alignment, high electron mobility, high optical transmittance, high stability, and easy processing. SnO2 has attracted more attention as ETL for PSCs because it has diverse advantages, e.g., wide bandgap energy, excellent optical and chemical stability, high transparency, high electron mobility, and easy preparation. The SnO2 ETL was fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering technique to ensure the chemical composition and uniform layer thickness when compared to the use of chemical solution via spin-coating method. The RF power was varied from 60 - 150 W. The Ar sputtering gas pressure was varied from 1 × 10−3 - 6 × 10−3 mbar while keeping O2 partial pressure at 1 × 10−4 mbar. The thickness of SnO2 layer decreases as the Ar gas pressure increases resulting in the increase of sheet resistance. The surface morphology and optical transmission of the SnO2 ETL were investigated. It was found that the optimum thickness of SnO2 layer was approximately 35 - 40 nm. The best device shows Jsc = 27.4 mA/cm2, Voc = 1.03 V, fill factor = 0.63, and efficiency = 17.7%.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Incorporation in Electron Transport Layer on Photovoltaic Properties of Perovskite Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Bo-Tau Liu ◽  
Bo-Wei Guo ◽  
Rathinam Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Photovoltaic Properties

Due to the characteristics of high electron mobility, ambient stability, proper energy level, and low processing temperature, zinc oxide (ZnO) has become a very promising electron transport material for photovoltaics. However, perovskite solar cells fabricated with ZnO reveal low efficiency because perovskite crystals may decompose thermally on the surface of ZnO as a result of proton transfer reactions. In this study, we are the first to incorporate an inexpensive, non-toxic polyethylene glycol (PEG) into ZnO and explore the passivation effect on the electron transport layer of perovskite solar cells. Suspension stability, surface roughness, electrical conductivity, crystal size, and photovoltaic properties with respect to the PEG incorporation are analyzed. The experimental results revealed that PEG incorporation effectively passivated the surface defects of ZnO, increased the electrical conductivity, and suppressed the charge recombination. The photocurrent density could increase from 15.2 to 19.2 mA/cm2, an increase of 27%.

scholarly journals Surface Passivation Using N-Type Organic Semiconductor by One-Step Method in Two-Dimensional Perovskite Solar Cells

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Helong Wang ◽  
Guanchen Liu ◽  
Chongyang Xu ◽  
Fanming Zeng ◽  
Xiaoyin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Charge Recombination ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Step

Surface passivation, which has been intensively studied recently, is essential for the perovskite solar cells (PSCs), due to the intrinsic defects in perovskite crystal. A series of chemical or physical methods have been published for passivating the defects of perovskites, which effectively suppressed the charge recombination and enhanced the photovoltaic performance. In this study, the n-type semiconductor of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is dissolved in chlorobenzene (CB) for the surface passivation during the spin-coating process for depositing the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite film. This approach simplifies the fabrication process of 2D PSCs and benefits the film quality. As a result, the defects of perovskite film are effectively passivated by this method. A better perovskite/PCBM heterojunction is generated, exhibiting an increased film coverage and improved film morphology of PCBM. It is found that this technology results in an improved electron transporting performance as well as suppressed charge recombination for electron transport layer. As a result, PSCs based on the one-step formed perovskite/PCBM heterojunctions exhibit the optimized power conversion efficiency of 15.69% which is about 37% higher than that of regular perovskite devices. The device environmental stability is also enhanced due to the quality improved electron transport layer.

An Er-doped TiO2 phase junction as an electron transport layer for efficient perovskite solar cells fabricated in air

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (31) ◽  
pp. 15348-15358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqiu Ren ◽  
Jinde Wu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
One Step ◽  
Er Doped ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tio2 Phase

Herein, for the first time, we report the Er-doped nano-crystalline mixed-phase TiO2 synthesized through one-step hydrothermal method as electron transport layer for PSCs.

Enhancement in electron transport and exciton confinement in OLEDs: role of n-type doping and electron blocking layers

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 10201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjaly Soman ◽  
K.N. Narayanan Unni
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
The One

Doped transport layers are essential for achieving high efficiency in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). We have studied the effect of doping the electron transport layer (ETL), tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) with different percentages of lithium fluoride (LiF). We have also studied the effect of different electron blocking layers (EBLs) such as Tris (4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA), N,N'-Bis (naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine(NPB), and Di-[4-(N,N-di-p-tolyl-amino)-phenyl]cyclohexane (TAPC) in an Alq3:2,3,6,7-Tetrahydro-1,1,7,7,-tetramethyl-1H, 5H, 11H −10-(2-benzothiazolyl)quinolizino[9,9a, 1gh] coumarin (C545T) based organic light emitting diode (OLED) with optimized ETL doping. TCTA was found to effectively block the electrons and influence the recombination region in the process. At a brightness of 1000 cd/m2, an improvement of 27.8% was observed in external quantum efficiency (EQE) for the device with TCTA as the EBL and doped Alq3 as the ETL, compared to the one with just NPB as both EBL and HTL.

Efficient perovskite solar cells employing a simply-processed CdS electron transport layer

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (38) ◽  
pp. 10023-10028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Dong ◽  
Jihuai Wu ◽  
Jinbiao Jia ◽  
Leqing Fan ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Solvothermal Reaction ◽  
Organometal Halide Perovskite ◽  
One Step ◽  
Halide Perovskite

In this report, redispersable CdS nanoparticles are synthesized via a specific one-step solvothermal reaction and are employed as electron-selective materials for organometal halide perovskite solar cells.

Perovskite solar cells with an MoS2 electron transport layer

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 7151-7158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranbir Singh ◽  
Anupam Giri ◽  
Monalisa Pal ◽  
Kaliannan Thiyagarajan ◽  
Junghyeok Kwak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Step Process ◽  
One Step ◽  
Fto Glass

MoS2 thin films are directly synthesized over FTO/glass substrate in a one-step process and used as an efficient electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs).

scholarly journals Fabrication of planar heterojunction CsPbBr2I perovskite solar cells using ZnO as an electron transport layer and improved solar energy conversion efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (17) ◽  
pp. 14104-14110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Tham Adhikari ◽  
Muhammad Sher ◽  
Neerish Revaprasadu ◽  
Waqas Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
One Step ◽  
Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Planar Heterojunction

Inorganic cesium lead bromoiodide based planar perovskite solar cells with ZnO electron transport layers are deposited using one step spin coating.

scholarly journals Development of SnO2 Composites as Electron Transport Layer in Unencapsulated CH3NH3PbI3 Solar Cells

Solids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-419
Author(s):  
Gennaro V. Sannino ◽  
Antonella De Maria ◽  
Vera La Ferrara ◽  
Gabriella Rametta ◽  
Lucia V. Mercaldo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Tin Dioxide ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
High Electron

Improving morphological and electronic properties of the electron transport layer (ETL) is a critical issue to fabricate highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Tin dioxide is used as an ETL for its peculiarities such as low-temperature solution-process and high electron mobility and several handlings have been tested to increase its performances. Herein, SnO2:ZnO and SnO2:In2O3 composites are studied as ETL in planar n-i-p CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells fabricated in ambient air, starting from glass/ITO substrates. Morphological, electrical and optical properties of zinc- and indium-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are investigated. First-principle calculations are also reported and help to further explain the experimental evidences. Photovoltaic performances of full devices show an improvement in efficiency for SnO2:In2O3–based solar cells with respect to pristine SnO2, probably due to a suppression of interfacial charge recombination between ITO/ETL and ETL/perovskite. Moreover, a better homogeneity of SnO2:In2O3 deposition with respect to SnO2:ZnO composites, conducts an increase in perovskite grain size and, consequently, the device performances.

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