Muscle strength and electrical activity, heart rate and energy cost during isometric contractions in disabled and non-disabled

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of a Pilates protocol on respiratory muscle strength and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: A randomized clinical trial (RBR-2gc2qj) was conducted with a type 2 diabetic target population. Patients practiced the Pilates protocol for 8 weeks, with two visits per week. The variables tested were maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and HRV (time and frequency domains). All variables were tested for normal distribution. Using SPSS 21.0, analysis of variance was performed for variables with normal distribution, and the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests were used for variables that did not show a normal distribution, with a 5% significance level. Results: Forty-four participants were included in the study (intervention group: 22; control group: 22; mean age: 61.23 ± 8.49 years), most of whom were female (77.3%), married or in a consensual union (59.1%), had complete literacy (31.8%), and had an average body mass index of 26.96 ± 4.35 kg/m2. There were no significant differences in MIP and MEP before and after the protocol between the intervention and control groups. Regarding HRV, there were significant differences in autonomic modulation, especially between the moments before and during exercise and between the moments during and after exercise; however, it was not possible to determine which system (sympathetic or parasympathetic) is most involved in these changes. Conclusion: The exercise protocol based on the Pilates method did not alter respiratory muscle strength but promoted changes in HRV, especially between the moments before and during exercise and during and after exercise.

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Abstract 150: Impact of Epinephrine on ECG Changes During Resuscitation From Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Initial Pulseless Electrical Activity

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.138.suppl_2.150 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Gunnar W Skjeflo ◽

Eirik Skogvoll ◽

Jan Pål Loennechen ◽

Theresa M Olasveengen ◽

Lars Wik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Life Support ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Pulseless Electrical Activity ◽

Qrs Complex ◽

Epinephrine Administration ◽

Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Presence of electrocardiographic rhythm, documented by the electrocardiogram (ECG), in the absence of palpable pulses defines pulseless electrical activity (PEA). Our aims were to examine the development of ECG characteristics during advanced life support (ALS) from Out-of-Hospital-Cardiac-Arrest (OHCA) with initial PEA, and to explore the effects of epinephrine on these characteristics. Methods: Patients with OHCA and initial PEA in a randomized controlled trial of ALS with or without intravenous access and medications were included. QRS widths and heart-rates were measured in recorded ECG signals during pauses in compressions. Statistical analysis was carried out by multivariate regression (MANOVA). Results: Defibrillator recordings from 170 episodes of cardiac arrest were analyzed, 4840 combined measurements of QRS complex width and heart rate were made. By the multivariate regression model both whether epinephrine was administered and whether return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was obtained were significantly associated with changes in QRS width and heart rate. For both control and epinephrine groups, ROSC was preceded by decreasing QRS width and increasing rate, but in the epinephrine group an increase in rate without a decrease in QRS width was associated with poor outcome (fig). Conclusion: The QRS complex characteristics are affected by epinephrine administration during ALS, but still yields valuable prognostic information.

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Validity of heart rate, pedometry, and accelerometry for predicting the energy cost of children’s activities

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.362 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 362-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 349

Author(s):

Roger G. Eston ◽

Ann V. Rowlands ◽

David K. Ingledew

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Standard Error ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Population Studies ◽

Large Population ◽

Multiple Regression Equation ◽

Heart Rate Monitoring ◽

Children's Activities ◽

Better Than

Eston, Roger G., Ann V. Rowlands, and David K. Ingledew.Validity of heart rate, pedometry, and accelerometry for predicting the energy cost of children’s activities. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(1): 362–371, 1998.—Heart rate telemetry is frequently used to estimate daily activity in children and to validate other methods. This study compared the accuracy of heart rate monitoring, pedometry, triaxial accelerometry, and uniaxial accelerometry for estimating oxygen consumption during typical children’s activities. Thirty Welsh children (mean age 9.2 ± 0.8 yr) walked (4 and 6 km/h) and ran (8 and 10 km/h) on a treadmill, played catch, played hopscotch, and sat and crayoned. Heart rate, body accelerations in three axes, pedometry counts, and oxygen uptake were measured continuously during each 4-min activity. Oxygen uptake was expressed as a ratio of body mass raised to the power of 0.75 [scaled oxygen uptake (sV˙o 2)]. All measures correlated significantly ( P < 0.001) with sV˙o 2. A multiple-regression equation that included triaxial accelerometry counts and heart rate predicted sV˙o 2 better than any measure alone ( R 2 = 0.85, standard error of the estimate = 9.7 ml ⋅ kg−0.75 ⋅ min−1). The best of the single measures was triaxial accelerometry ( R 2 = 0.83, standard error of the estimate = 10.3 ml ⋅ kg−0.75 ⋅ min−1). It is concluded that a triaxial accelerometer provides the best assessment of activity. Pedometry offers potential for large population studies.

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Effects of water ingestion on gastric electrical activity and heart-rate variability in healthy human subjects

Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System ◽

10.1016/0165-1838(95)00110-7 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 58 (1-2) ◽

pp. 44-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Michio Watanabe ◽

Yutaka Shimada ◽

Shinya Sakai ◽

Naotoshi Shibahara ◽

Harumi Matsuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Gastric Electrical Activity ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Water Ingestion ◽

Healthy Human Subjects

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Comparison of different volumes of high intensity interval training on cardiac autonomic function in sedentary young women

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2017-0073 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pooja Bhati ◽

Vishal Bansal ◽

Jamal Ali Moiz

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Young Women ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Frequency ◽

Interval Training ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

High Intensity Interval

Abstract Purpose The present study was conducted to compare the effects of low volume of high intensity interval training (LVHIIT) and high volume of high intensity interval training (HVHIIT) on heart rate variability (HRV) as a primary outcome measure, and on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), body composition, and lower limb muscle strength as secondary outcome measures, in sedentary young women. Methods Thirty-six participants were recruited in this study. The LVHIIT group (n = 17) performed one 4-min bout of treadmill running at 85%–95% maximum heart rate (HRmax), followed by 3 min of recovery by running at 70% HRmax, three times per week for 6 weeks. The HVHIIT group (n = 15) performed four times 4-min bouts of treadmill running at 85%–95% HRmax, interspersed with 3-min of recovery by running at 70% HRmax, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. All criterion measures were measured before and after training in both the groups. Results Due to attrition of four cases, data of 32 participants was used for analysis. A significant increase in high frequency (HF) power (p < 0.001) and decrease in the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power (LF/HF) ratio (p < 0.001) in HRV parameters, was observed post-HVHIIT, whereas, these variables did not change significantly (HF: p = 0.92, LF/HF ratio: p = 0.52) in LVHIIT group. Nevertheless, both the interventions proved equally effective in improving aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition, and muscle strength. Conclusion The study results suggest that both LVHIIT and HVHIIT are equally effective in improving VO2max, body composition, and muscle strength, in sedentary young women. However, HVHIIT induces parasympathetic dominance as well, as measured by HRV.

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WHICH IS THE BEST WAY TO PERFORM THE PHYSIOLOGICAL COST INDEX IN ACTIVE INDIVIDUALS WITH UNILATERAL TRANS-TIBIAL AMPUTATION?

Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal ◽

10.33137/cpoj.v2i1.32953 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Brunelli ◽

Andrea Sancesario ◽

Marco Iosa ◽

Anna Sofia Delussu ◽

Noemi Gentileschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Limb Amputation ◽

Alternative Measure ◽

Cost Index ◽

Physiological Cost ◽

Fitness Training ◽

Energy Cost Of Walking

BACKGROUND: Physiological Cost Index (PCI) is a simple method used to estimate energy expenditure during walking. It is based on a ratio between heart rate and self-selected walking speed. Previous studies reported that PCI is reliable in individuals with lower limb amputation but only if there is an important walking impairment. No previous studies have investigated the correlation of PCI with the Energy Cost Walking (ECW) in active individuals with traumatic unilateral trans-tibial amputation, considering that this particular category of amputees has an ECW quite similar to healthy individual without lower limb amputation. Moreover, it is important to determine if PCI is also correlated to ECW in the treadmill test so as to have an alternative to over-ground test. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between PCI and ECW in active individuals with traumatic trans-tibial amputation in different walking conditions. The secondary aim was to evaluate if this correlation permits to determine ECW from PCI values. METHODOLOGY: Ninety traumatic amputees were enrolled. Metabolic data, heart rate and walking speed for the calculation of ECW and for PCI were computed over-ground and on a treadmill with 0% and 12% slopes during a 6-minute walking test. FINDINGS: There is a significant correlation between ECW and PCI walking over-ground (p=0.003; R2=0.10) and on treadmill with 12% slopes (p=0.001; R2=0.11) but there is only a poor to moderate correlation around the trendline. No significant correlation was found walking on treadmill with 0% slope. The Bland-Altman plot analysis suggests that is not possible to evaluate ECW directly from PCI. CONCLUSIONS: PCI is a reliable alternative measure of energy expenditure during walking in active individuals with trans-tibial amputation when performing over-ground or at high intensity effort on treadmill. PCI is therefore useful only for monitoring a within subject assessment. LAYMAN’S ABSTRACT The knowledge of the energy cost of walking in disabled people is important to improve strategies of rehabilitation or fitness training and to develop new prosthetic and orthotic components. The “gold standard” for the evaluation of the energy cost of walking is the oxygen consumption measurement with a metabolimeter, but the testing procedure is expensive and time consuming, hardly practicable in many rehabilitation centers. The Physiological Cost Index (PCI) is an indirect tool that evaluates the oxygen consumption during walking. PCI considers heart rate during walking, in relation to the speed, as an indicator of energy expenditure. The formula is “walking heart rate – resting heart rate /speed”. PCI is widely used in literature but there is not a solid evidence of a direct correlation between PCI and energy cost of walking. In particular, for individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation without comorbidities, no previous studies have been conducted about this correlation. It has to be noticed that individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation have an energy cost of walking quite similar to healthy people. Previous studies reported that in healthy people such correlation does not exist. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate if and in which walking condition a linear correlation exists between PCI and Energy Cost Walking in individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation. Oxygen consumption measurement with a metabolimeter and PCI were computed over-ground and on a treadmill with 0% and 12% slopes during a 6-minute walking test in 90 participants. We have found that PCI is an alternative measure of energy cost of walking when performing over-ground or with high intensity effort on treadmill (12% slope). These findings could be useful when PCI is used for monitoring a fitness training or for evaluation tests. Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32953/25717 How to Cite: Brunelli S, Sancesario A, Iosa M, Delussu A.S, Gentileschi N, Bonanni C, Foti C, Traballesi M. Which is the best way to perform the Physiological Cost Index in active individuals with unilateral trans-tibial amputation? Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. Volume2, Issue1, No.5, 2019. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v2i1.32953. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Dr. Stefano Brunelli,Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-1564Tel. +39 0651501844; Fax +39 0651501919E-MAIL: [email protected]

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Energy cost of cows' grazing activity: Use of the heart rate method and the Global Positioning System for direct field estimation1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2005-315 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 84 (7) ◽

pp. 1951-1967 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

A. Brosh ◽

Z. Henkin ◽

E. D. Ungar ◽

A. Dolev ◽

A. Orlov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Global Positioning System ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Positioning System ◽

Global Positioning ◽

Rate Method

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Energy expenditure of trans-tibial amputees during ambulation at self-selected pace

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.3109/03093649409164389 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 84-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

R. S. Gailey ◽

M. A. Wenger ◽

M. Raya ◽

N. Kirk ◽

K. Erbs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Steady State ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Metabolic Cost ◽

The Self ◽

Healthy Male ◽

Subject Pool

The purpose of this investigation was two-fold: 1) to compare the metabolic cost (VO2), heart rate (HR), and self-selected speed of ambulation of trans-tibial amputees (TTAs) with those of non-amputee subjects; and 2) to determine whether a correlation exists between either stump length or prosthesis mass and the energy cost of ambulation at the self-selected ambulation pace of TTAs. Subjects were thirty-nine healthy male non-vascular TTAs between the ages of 22 and 75 years (mean ± sd = 47 ± 16). All had regularly used their prosthesis for longer than six months and were independent of assistive ambulation devices. Twenty-one healthy non-amputee males aged 27–47 years (31 ± 6) served as controls. Subjects ambulated at a self-selected pace over an indoor course, with steady-state VO2, HR, and ambulation speed averaged across minutes seven, eight and nine of walking. Results showed that HR and VO2 for TTAs were 16% greater, and the ambulation pace 11% slower than the non-amputee controls. Significant correlations were not observed between stump length or prosthesis mass and the energy cost of ambulation. However, when the TTA subject pool was stratified on the basis of long and short stump length, the former sustained significantly lower steady-state VO2 and HR than the latter while walking at comparable pace. These data indicate that stump length may influence the metabolic cost of ambulation in TTAs.

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Exercise Physiology at “Conversational Level” is not Impaired under Wearing Masks or Respirators: Disproving False Myths (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.31915 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Davinia Vicente-Campos ◽

Violeta Sanchez-Migallón ◽

César Calvo-Lobo ◽

Sandra Sanchez-Jorge ◽

Mónica Arce-Palomares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Exercise Physiology ◽

Inspiratory Muscle ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Recreational Physical Activity ◽

Surgical Masks ◽

Before And After ◽

Inspiratory Muscle Strength

UNSTRUCTURED The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the use of both surgical masks and FFP2 respirators on the inspiratory muscle strength, metabolic parameters, heart rate, subjective perceived exertion and dyspnea perception, before and during 30 minutes stable load exercise at “conversational level”. A randomized cross-over study was carried out. Nineteen healthy adults completed 3 conditions (without mask, with surgical mask or FFP2 respirator) during a 30-minute steady-state-test at the lactate threshold intensity. Inspiratory muscle strength was measured before and after the test, and metabolic parameters, heart rate, subjective perceived exertion and dyspnea perception were collected at baseline, during and after the test. There was a significant reduction in inspiratory muscle strength after the 30-minutes-test in all conditions (control:-6.26 mmHg, p<0.5; surgical mask:-8.55mmHg, p<0.01; FFP2respirator:-12.42 mmHg, p<0.001), but without significant differences between them (p=0.283). Data showed a statistically significant effect for time, but did not show a statistically significant interaction between condition and time for heart rate (p=0.674), oxygen saturation (p=0.297), blood lactate level (p=0.991), rating perceived exertion (p=0.734) and dyspnea (p=0.532) comparisons. The present study findings suggested that inspiratory muscle strength and physiological parameters during “conversational level” exercise were not impaired under wearing masks in healthy, non-smoking young adults, who participated in regular recreational physical activity for at least 3 days per week.

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