Remarkable Progress in War Surgery

No Web technology has undergone such an impressive evolution as Web search engines did and still do. Starting with the promise of "Bringing order to the Web" 1 by compiling information sources matching a query, retrieval technology has been evolving to a kind of "oracle machinery", being able to recommend a single source, and even to provide direct answers extracted from that source. Notwithstanding the remarkable progress made and the apparent user preferences for direct answers, this paradigm shift comes at a price which is higher than one might expect at first sight, affecting both users and search engine developers in their own way. We call this tradeoff "the dilemma of the direct answer"; it deserves an analysis which has to go beyond system-oriented aspects but scrutinize the way our society deals with both their information needs and means to information access. The paper in hand contributes to this analysis by putting the evolution of retrieval technology and the expectations at it in the context of information retrieval history. Moreover, we discuss the trade offs in information behavior and information system design that users and developers may face in the future.

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Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Liver Fibrosis by microRNA

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22158139 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (15) ◽

pp. 8139

Author(s):

Tomoko Tadokoro ◽

Asahiro Morishita ◽

Tsutomu Masaki

Keyword(s):

Liver Fibrosis ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽

Medical Need ◽

Key Factor ◽

Complications Of Cirrhosis ◽

And Control ◽

Functional Rnas ◽

Remarkable Progress ◽

Made In

Remarkable progress has been made in the treatment and control of hepatitis B and C viral infections. However, fundamental treatments for diseases in which liver fibrosis is a key factor, such as cirrhosis, alcoholic/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, are still under development and remain an unmet medical need. To solve this problem, it is essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in detail from a molecular and cellular perspective and to develop targeted therapeutic agents based on this information. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), functional RNAs of 22 nucleotides, have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. In addition, extracellular vesicles called “exosomes” have been attracting attention, and research is being conducted to establish noninvasive and extremely sensitive biomarkers using miRNAs in exosomes. In this review, we summarize miRNAs directly involved in liver fibrosis, miRNAs associated with diseases leading to liver fibrosis, and miRNAs related to complications of cirrhosis. We will also discuss the efficacy of each miRNA as a biomarker of liver fibrosis and pathology, and its potential application as a therapeutic agent.

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Quantum teleportation with imperfect quantum dots

npj Quantum Information ◽

10.1038/s41534-020-00356-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Basso Basset ◽

F. Salusti ◽

L. Schweickert ◽

M. B. Rota ◽

D. Tedeschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Quantum Teleportation ◽

Bell State ◽

Spectral Filtering ◽

State Measurement ◽

Communication Architectures ◽

The One ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

Photon Source ◽

Remarkable Progress

AbstractEfficient all-photonic quantum teleportation requires fast and deterministic sources of highly indistinguishable and entangled photons. Solid-state-based quantum emitters—notably semiconductor quantum dots—are a promising candidate for the role. However, despite the remarkable progress in nanofabrication, proof-of-concept demonstrations of quantum teleportation have highlighted that imperfections of the emitter still place a major roadblock in the way of applications. Here, rather than focusing on source optimization strategies, we deal with imperfections and study different teleportation protocols with the goal of identifying the one with maximal teleportation fidelity. Using a quantum dot with sub-par values of entanglement and photon indistinguishability, we show that the average teleportation fidelity can be raised from below the classical limit to 0.842(14), adopting a polarization-selective Bell state measurement and moderate spectral filtering. Our results, which are backed by a theoretical model that quantitatively explains the experimental findings, loosen the very stringent requirements set on the ideal entangled-photon source and highlight that imperfect quantum dots can still have a say in teleportation-based quantum communication architectures.

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ADDRESS TO WAR SURGERY SEMINAR

The Medical Journal of Australia ◽

10.5694/j.1326-5377.1980.tb135042.x ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 1 (10) ◽

pp. 474-474

Author(s):

Donald Dunstan

Keyword(s):

War Surgery

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Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy ◽

10.1038/s41392-021-00646-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xudong Zhu ◽

Zhiyang Chen ◽

Weiyan Shen ◽

Gang Huang ◽

John M. Sedivy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Cellular Response ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Cell Senescence ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Cell Fate Decision ◽

The Past ◽

Fate Decision ◽

The Individual ◽

Remarkable Progress

AbstractRemarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.

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Implantable Thin Film Devices as Brain-Computer Interfaces: Recent Advances in Design and Fabrication Approaches

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11020204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Yuhao Zhou ◽

Bowen Ji ◽

Minghao Wang ◽

Kai Zhang ◽

Shuaiqi Huangfu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

High Resolution ◽

Future Research ◽

Nano Fabrication ◽

Computer Interfaces ◽

Continuous Progress ◽

Open Mesh ◽

Remarkable Progress ◽

Thin Film Devices ◽

Made In

Remarkable progress has been made in the high resolution, biocompatibility, durability and stretchability for the implantable brain-computer interface (BCI) in the last decades. Due to the inevitable damage of brain tissue caused by traditional rigid devices, the thin film devices are developing rapidly and attracting considerable attention, with continuous progress in flexible materials and non-silicon micro/nano fabrication methods. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically summarize the recent development of implantable thin film devices for acquiring brain information. This brief review subdivides the flexible thin film devices into the following four categories: planar, open-mesh, probe, and micro-wire layouts. In addition, an overview of the fabrication approaches is also presented. Traditional lithography and state-of-the-art processing methods are discussed for the key issue of high-resolution. Special substrates and interconnects are also highlighted with varied materials and fabrication routines. In conclusion, a discussion of the remaining obstacles and directions for future research is provided.

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