scholarly journals Evaluation of novel cell cycle inhibitors in mantle cell lymphoma

Oncogene ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
pp. 5635-5642 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-W Park ◽  
M V R Reddy ◽  
E P Reddy ◽  
J E Groopman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Inhibitors

Evaluation of Novel Cell Cycle Inhibitors in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4748-4748
Author(s):  
In-Woo Park ◽  
M.V. Ramana Reddy ◽  
E. Premkumar Reddy ◽  
Jerome E. Groopman
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Inhibitors ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Cell Cycle Status

Abstract Signature abnormalities in the cell cycle and apoptotic pathway have been identified in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), affording the opportunity to develop targeted therapies. Here, we report on a novel class of kinase inhibitors, styryl sulfones, that differ from prior cell cycle inhibitors in that they are not related to purines or pyrimidines. We observed that two closely related compounds, ON013100 and ON01370, altered the growth and cell cycle status of MCL lines and potently inhibited the expression of several important molecules, including CDK4, p53, MDM2, cyclin D, and cyclin B. Using both TUNEL and PARP assays, we found that these compounds caused apoptosis in MCL cells. In addition, using molecular analyses, we observed the modulation of caspase-3 activity but not the expression of Bcl family molecules in these cells. Next, we investigated the cytotoxicity of the MCL lines upon treatment with styryl sulfone compounds in combination with other currently used chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin (DOX) or vincristine (VCR). We found that the combination of DOX plus styryl sulfone or VCR plus styryl sulfone increased cytotoxicity by one log scale, compared with the single styryl sulfone compound. Thus styryl sulfones alone, or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, present attractive opportunities for new drug development in MCL.

Truncations in CCND1 mRNA 3′ UTR Alters microRNA Regulation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3184-3184
Author(s):  
Robert W. Chen ◽  
Lynne Bemis ◽  
Carol Amato ◽  
Birks Diane ◽  
Myint Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulator ◽  
Mantle Cell

Abstract Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) represents only 5–10% of all non-Hodgkins lymphomas, making it an uncommon but difficult form of lymphoma to treat. It has a poor prognosis among the B cell lymphomas with median survival of three years. The genetic hallmark of MCL is the t(11,14) translocation causing amplification of cyclin D1 (CCND1), a known cell cycle regulator which is overexpressed in many other cancers. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a new class of abundant small RNAs that play important regulatory roles at the post transcriptional level. They act by binding to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of mRNAs and block either their translation or initiate their degradation. Recent reports have shown truncations in the CCND1 3′ UTR occur in MCL and indicate a worse prognosis. We hypothesized that truncations in 3′ UTR of CCND1 alter it’s regulation by microRNAs. Based on bioinformatics, we identified microRNA 16 with putative docking sites in the 3′UTR of CCND1. Mir-16 has been implicated as a cell cycle regulator. We identified 2 cell lines (Jeko-1 and Z138) with truncations in CCND1 3′ UTR and demonstrated increased CCND1 mRNA expression by qRT-PCR, increased protein expression by western blot, and higher proliferative potential by cell cycle. We prepared a reporter construct by ligating the full length 3′ UTR of CCND1 to GFP. We then co-transfected this construct with mimics of mir-16 into a cancer cell line and demonstrated downregulation of CCND1 protein expression by flow cytometry. In the MCL cell line Granta-519 with non-truncated CCND1, transfection with mimics of mir-16 deminstrated decreased expression of CCND1 mRNA. These studies suggest that the overexpression of CCDN1 In MCL may result from altered regulation of gene expression from loss of a miRNA regulatory site and may give new clues into the patho-biology of this disease and insights into possible new therapies.

Cell Cycle Regulation by Iron: Novel Approaches to Mantle Cell Lymphoma Therapy.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 2515-2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Gilbert ◽  
John Cumming ◽  
Josef T. Prchal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Lymphoma Cell ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Mantle Cell

Abstract Abstract 2515 Poster Board II-492 Mantle cell lymphoma is a well defined subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by a translocation that juxtaposes the BCL1 gene on chromosome 11q13 (which encodes cyclin D1) next to the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene promoter on chromosome 14q32. The result is constitutive overexpression of cyclin D1 (CD1) resulting in deregulation of the cell cycle and activation of cell survival mechanisms. There are no “standard” treatments for MCL. Despite response rates to many chemotherapy regimens of 50% to 70%, the disease typically progresses after treatment, with a median survival time of approximately 3-4 years. Mantle cell lymphoma represents a small portion of malignant lymphomas, but it accounts for a disproportionately large percentage of lymphoma-related mortality. Novel therapeutic approaches are needed. In 2007, Nurtjaha-Tjendraputra described how iron chelation causes post-translational degradation of cyclin D1 via von Hippel Lindau protein-independent ubiquitinization and subsequent proteasomal degradation (1). Nurtjaha-Tjendraputra demonstrated that iron chelation inhibits cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis via proteosomal degradation of cyclin D1 in various cell lines, including breast cancer, renal carcinoma, neuroepithelioma and melanoma. Our preliminary data show similar findings in mantle cell lymphoma. To establish whether iron chelation can selectively inhibit and promote apoptosis in mantle cell derived cell lines, the human MCL cell lines Jeko-1, Mino, Granta and Hb-12; the Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma line SUDHL-6; and the Burkitt's Lymphoma lines BL-41 and DG75 were grown with media only, with two different iron chelators (deferoxamine (DFO) and deferasirox) at various concentrations (10, 20, 40, 100 and 250 μM), and with DMSO as an appropriate vehicle control. Cells were harvested at 24, 48 and 72 hours. For detection of apoptotic cells, cell-surface staining was performed with FITC-labeled anti–Annexin V antibody and PI (BD Pharmingen, San Diego, CA). Cell growth was analyzed using the Promega MTS cytotoxicity assay. CD1 protein levels were assessed using standard Western blot techniques. At 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation with iron chelators, the mantle cell lymphoma cell lines showed significantly increased rates of apoptosis compared to the non-mantle cell lymphoma cell lines (p<0.0001 for all time points). DFO and deferasirox inhibted cell growth with an IC50 of 18 and 12 μM respectively. All of the mantle cell lines had measurable cyclin D1 levels at baseline. None of the non-mantle cell lines expressed baseline measurable cyclin D1. In the mantle cell lines, cyclin D1 protein levels were no longer apparent on western blot after 24 hours of incubation with chelation. We then added ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) to DFO in a 1:1 molarity ratio and to deferasirox in a 2:1 ratio, and then treated the same lymphoma cell lines with the FAS/chelator mixture and with FAS alone for 72 hours. Adding iron to the chelators completely negated all the pro-apoptotic effects that were seen with iron chelation treatment. Treating with FAS alone had no effect on cell growth or apoptosis. Iron chelation therapy with both DFO and deferasirox results in decreased cell growth, increased cellular apoptosis, and decreased cyclin D1 protein levels in vitro in mantle cell lymphoma. The cytotoxic effects are prevented by coincubation with ferrous ammonium citrate, confirming that the effects are due to iron depletion. Proposed future research includes further defining the molecular basis of iron chelation effects; studying these therapies in combination with other cancer treatments both in vitro and in vivo; and studying iron chelation therapy in mantle cell lymphoma patients. 1. Nurtjahja-Tjendraputra, E., D. Fu, et al. (2007). “Iron chelation regulates cyclin D1 expression via the proteasome: a link to iron deficiency-mediated growth suppression.” Blood109(9): 4045–54. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

FTY720 Demonstrates Promising in-Vitro and in-Vivo Pre-Clinical Activity by Down-Modulation of Cyclin D1 and Pakt in Mantle Cell Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3728-3728
Author(s):  
Lapo Alinari ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Ching-Shih Chen ◽  
Fengting Yan ◽  
James T Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cyclin D1 ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mantle Cell

Abstract Abstract 3728 Poster Board III-664 Over-expression of Cyclin D1 and constitutive phosphorylation of Akt has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here we describe FTY720 (fingolimod), an immunosuppressive agent currently being explored in phase III studies in renal transplantation and multiple sclerosis patients, to mediate time- and dose-dependent cell death in primary MCL cells (6 patients) and MCL cell lines, Jeko and Mino. FTY720-induced apoptosis was associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Bax up-regulation but not associated with caspase 3 activation in MCL. FTY720 treatment resulted in time-dependent down-modulation of Cyclin D1 and phospho Akt (p-Akt) protein level, two critical disease-relevant molecules in the pathogenesis of MCL. Consistent with the modulation of Cyclin D1, FTY720-induced cell cycle arrest with accumulation of cells in G0/G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle with concomitant decrease in S phase entry. Importantly, FTY720 treatment was also associated with a time-dependent phospho Erk (p-Erk) induction in Mino and Jeko cells. To determine the in vivo efficacy of FTY720, we developed a preclinical, in vivo xenograft model of human MCL where MCL cell lines (Jeko, Mino and SP53) were engrafted into severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. Cell dose titration trials identified 4 × 107 Mino or Jeko cells injected intravenously via tail vein to result in consistent engraftment and fatal tumor burden in all mice. All mice engrafted with 4 × 107 Jeko cells developed a disseminated disease within 3 weeks and had a median survival of 28 days (compared to 43 days for Mino and 51 days for SP53). Because the Jeko cell line was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with blastic variant MCL and demonstrated a more resistant phenotype to several immuno-chemoterapeutic compounds, this cell line was chosen to create a more stringent in vivo preclinical model. SCID mice were treated with the monoclonal antibody TMβ1 to deplete murine NK cells, engrafted with 4 × 107 Jeko cells and observed daily for signs of tumor burden. Ten mice/group were treated starting at day 15 post-engraftment with intraperitoneal injection of 100 μl of saline or FTY720 (5 mg/kg resuspended in 100 μl of saline), every day, for two weeks. The median survival for FTY720-treated mice (N=10) was 38 days (95% CI:30-39) compared to 26.5 days (95% CI: 26-27 days) for the control group mice (N=10). The results from the log-rank test indicated an overall statistical significant difference in survival functions between the FTY720 treatment and the control group (p=0.001). These results provide the first evidence for a potential use of FTY720 in targeting key pathways that are operable in the pathogenesis of MCL and warrant the further investigation of FTY720 in combination with other agents in clinical trials treating patients with MCL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Enzastaurin Treatment Affects Multiple Regulatory Pathways at Transcriptome and Cellular Proteome Level of Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 2893-2893
Author(s):  
Marc Weinkauf ◽  
Grit Hutter ◽  
Yvonne Zimmermann ◽  
Malte Rieken ◽  
Alessandro Pastore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Mantle Cell ◽  
Canonical Pathways

Abstract Abstract 2893 Background: The protein kinase C beta inhibitor enzastaurin is one of the promising molecular targeted approaches currently investigated in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a disease still characterized by a dismal long term prognosis. Methods: Four well characterized MCL cell lines (Granta 519, HBL-2, Jeko-1 and Rec-1) as well as three patient samples were exposed to enzastaurin at a previously defined dose (10 μM). Cell viability as well as cell cycle activity were analyzed by tryphan blue exclusion test and flow cytometry, respectively, after 24 and 48 hours. To dissect the regulatory processes targeted by enzastaurin, the panel of MCL cell lines was screened on both protein and RNA expression levels (2D-gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric peptide fingerprint analysis and Affymetrix microarray) after 4h enzastaurin treatment. Results: Enzastaurin in vitro resulted in a reduced viability and cell proliferation by 15–20% after 24h in cell lines and 9–20% in primary patient samples after 48h. This effect was related to a G2/M block of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis. Based on the proteome and transcriptome analysis of early alterations, only HSPD1 was affected on both regulation levels. Nonetheless, combined analysis of alterations on both, protein and RNA expression levels, resulted in identification of common signal pathways characterizing a more comprehensive network of affected molecular interactions mapping to distinct canonical pathways and defined cellular functions. Indicated canonical pathways included ‘calcium signalling', (CAMKK2, HDAC5, HDAC9, TP63) ‘calcium induced T-lymphocyte apoptosis' (MEF2D, NR4A1, PRKCG, TRA@), ‘NFkB signalling' (KRAS, MAP3K8, TNFAIP3, TNFRS17) and ‘molecular mechanisms of cancer' (APAF1, CDKN2D, FOS, PAK6), whereas the top ranking cellular functions were ‘cellular growth and proliferation' (CCNG2, EIF4E, PDIA3, TOP1, TPM1,), ‘cell death' (BCL6, EEF1D, PAK6, RAD50), ‘cell cycle'(AKAP9, BMF, CUL5, GADD45B, PDIA3), ‘cellular development' (APAF1, GAS7, ID1, PAX8) and ‘gene expression' (ABCG1, HOXB4, LMO4, PIM1). Alterations of these pathways were confirmed by Western Blot analysis of selected candidate proteins marker proteins of the regulated pathways. Conclusion: In summary, the combined approach of RNA and protein analysis revealed the targeted signal pathways after Enzastaurin exposure. These data will allow a more rationally designed combination of biologicals to finally improve the clinical outcome of MCL. Disclosures: Dreyling: Eli Lilly: Support of in vitro studies of Enzostaurin in MCL.

The HDACi Romidepsin Markedly Synergizes With Inhibition Of ATM By KU60019 In Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 3066-3066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Scotto ◽  
Kelly Zullo ◽  
Xavier Jirau Serrano ◽  
Laura K Fogli ◽  
Owen A. O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cdk Inhibitor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Mantle Cell

Abstract Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a disease characterized by gross cell cycle dysregulation driven by the constitutive overexpression of cyclin D1. The identification of a “proliferation signature” in MCL, underscores the necessity of new therapeutic approaches aimed at lowering the proliferative signature of the disease, theoretically shifting the prognostic features of the disease. Romidepsin, an HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) approved for the treatment of relapsed T-cell lymphoma, is thought to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Central to the block of cell proliferation is the up-regulation of the cdk inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1. However up-regulation of p21Cip1/Waf1 has also been shown to reduce sensitivity to romidepsin. HDACi activates p21Cip1/Waf1 expression via ATM and KU60019, a specific ATM inhibitor, has been shown to decrease the p21Cip1/Waf1 protein levels in a concentration dependent manner. We sought to explore the effect of the combination of romidepsin and KU60019 in inducing cell death in MCL. Analysis of romidepsin treated Jeko-1 cell extracts showed a marked effect on the expression of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation. Decrease expression of Emi1, a mitotic regulator required for the accumulation of the APC/C substrates was observed. Emi1 is also responsible for the stability of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Skp2 that specifically recognizes and promotes the degradation of phosphorylated cdk inhibitor p27. However, decrease in Emi1 protein levels, upon addition of romidepsin, was not followed by an increased expression of the cdk inhibitor p27. On the other end, increased expression of the cdk inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1, was a common feature of all romidepsin treated MCL lines analyzed. Cell cycle analysis via Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) of romidepsin treated Jeko-1 cells showed an accumulation of romidepsin treated cells in the G2/M phase when compared to the control suggesting a p21Cip1/Waf1 induced cell cycle arrest. For all cytotoxicity assays, luminescent cell viability was performed using CellTiter-GloTM followed by acquisition on a Biotek Synergy HT and IC50s calculated using the Calcusyn software. Drug: drug interactions were analyzed using the calculation of the relative risk ratios (RRR). Synergy analyses were performed using Jeko-1, Maver-1 and Z-138 cells treated with different concentrations of romidepsin corresponding to IC10-20 in combination with KU60019 at a concentration of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 15 umol/L for 24, 48 and 72 hours. A synergistic cytotoxic effect was observed in all MCL cell lines when the HDACi was combined with KU60019 throughout the range of all concentrations. The RRR analysis showed a strong synergism at 48 and 72 hours in virtually all combinations of HDACi and KU60019 in all three cell lines. The results of drug:drug combination in two of the three cell lines are shown below. Protein expression analysis of Jeko-1 and Maver-1cells treated with single agents or combinations for 48 hours revealed changes in a host of proteins known to be involved in cell cycle control and apoptosis. The increased p21 protein expression upon addition of romidepsin, was not observed when the romidepsin treatment was combined with the KU60019. Increased activation of the programmed cell death proteins Caspase 8, induced by Fas, and Caspase 3 was observed upon combinations of the single agents in all three cell lines, resulting in an increased cleavage of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). Finally, the abundance of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-XL and BCL-2 showed a significant decrease after treatment with romidepsin plus increase concentrations of KU60019 when compared with their abundance in the presence of the single agents. Cell cycle analysis of Jeko-1 cells treated for 24 hours with single agents and combination suggests that the increased apoptosis is the result of inhibition of the p21Cip1/Waf1 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest by KU60019. Overall, these data demonstrated that the combination of romidepsin and KU60019 was synergistically effective in inhibiting the in vitro growth of the mantle cell lymphoma lines. Jeko-1 Maver-1 Disclosures: O'Connor: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.

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