Role of climate variability in the heatstroke death rates of Kanto region in Japan

In recent years, plants in sandy soils have been impacted by increased climate variability due to weak water holding and temperature buffering capacities of the parent material. The projected impact spreads all over the world, including New England, USA. Many regions of the world may experience an increase in frequency and severity of drought, which can be attributed to an increased variability in precipitation and enhanced water loss due to warming. The overall benefits of biochar in environmental management have been extensively investigated. This review aims to discuss the water holding capacity of biochar from the points of view of fluid mechanics and propose several prioritized future research topics. To understand the impacts of biochar on sandy soils in-depth, sandy soil properties (surface area, pore size, water properties, and characteristics) and how biochar could improve the soil quality as well as plant growth, development, and yield are reviewed. Incorporating biochar into sandy soils could result in a net increase in the surface area, a stronger hydrophobicity at a lower temperature, and an increase in the micropores to maximize gap spaces. The capability of biochar in reducing fertilizer drainage through increasing water retention can improve crop productivity and reduce the nutrient leaching rate in agricultural practices. To advance research in biochar products and address the impacts of increasing climate variability, future research may focus on the role of biochar in enhancing soil water retention, plant water use efficiency, crop resistance to drought, and crop productivity.

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A study on the role of land-atmosphere coupling on the south Asian monsoon climate variability using a regional climate model

Theoretical and Applied Climatology ◽

10.1007/s00704-015-1680-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 127 (3-4) ◽

pp. 949-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. K. Unnikrishnan ◽

M. Rajeevan ◽

S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Regional Climate Model ◽

South Asian ◽

Asian Monsoon ◽

Climate Model ◽

Regional Climate ◽

South Asian Monsoon ◽

Monsoon Climate ◽

The South

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Intra-interglacial climate variability: model simulations of Marine Isotope Stages 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-12-677-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 677-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rima Rachmayani ◽

Matthias Prange ◽

Michael Schulz

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

High Latitude ◽

West African ◽

Boreal Summer ◽

The West ◽

Temperature Anomalies ◽

Astronomical Forcing

Abstract. Using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) including a dynamic global vegetation model, a set of 13 time slice experiments was carried out to study global climate variability between and within the Quaternary interglacials of Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) 1, 5, 11, 13, and 15. The selection of interglacial time slices was based on different aspects of inter- and intra-interglacial variability and associated astronomical forcing. The different effects of obliquity, precession, and greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing on global surface temperature and precipitation fields are illuminated. In most regions seasonal surface temperature anomalies can largely be explained by local insolation anomalies induced by the astronomical forcing. Climate feedbacks, however, may modify the surface temperature response in specific regions, most pronounced in the monsoon domains and the polar oceans. GHG forcing may also play an important role for seasonal temperature anomalies, especially at high latitudes and early Brunhes interglacials (MIS 13 and 15) when GHG concentrations were much lower than during the later interglacials. High- versus low-obliquity climates are generally characterized by strong warming over the Northern Hemisphere extratropics and slight cooling in the tropics during boreal summer. During boreal winter, a moderate cooling over large portions of the Northern Hemisphere continents and a strong warming at high southern latitudes is found. Beside the well-known role of precession, a significant role of obliquity in forcing the West African monsoon is identified. Other regional monsoon systems are less sensitive or not sensitive at all to obliquity variations during interglacials. Moreover, based on two specific time slices (394 and 615 ka), it is explicitly shown that the West African and Indian monsoon systems do not always vary in concert, challenging the concept of a global monsoon system on astronomical timescales. High obliquity can also explain relatively warm Northern Hemisphere high-latitude summer temperatures despite maximum precession around 495 ka (MIS 13). It is hypothesized that this obliquity-induced high-latitude warming may have prevented a glacial inception at that time.

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Uncertainty in the future change of extreme precipitation over the Rhine basin: the role of internal climate variability

Climate Dynamics ◽

10.1007/s00382-014-2312-4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (7-8) ◽

pp. 1789-1800 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. C. van Pelt ◽

J. J. Beersma ◽

T. A. Buishand ◽

B. J. J. M. van den Hurk ◽

J. Schellekens

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Extreme Precipitation ◽

Future Change ◽

Internal Climate Variability ◽

Rhine Basin ◽

The Future

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Impact and uncertainty of climate projections on Alpine catchments using high-resolution models

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13443 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jorge Sebastian Moraga ◽

Nadav Peleg ◽

Simone Fatichi ◽

Peter Molnar ◽

Paolo Burlando

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

High Resolution ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Internal Climate Variability ◽

Mountainous Catchments ◽

Precipitation Decrease ◽

Alpine Catchments ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

<p>Hydrological processes in mountainous catchments will be subject to climate change on all scales, and their response is expected to vary considerably in space. Typical hydrological studies, which use coarse climate data inputs obtained from General Circulation Models (GCM) and Regional Climate Models (RCM), focus mostly on statistics at the outlet of the catchments, overlooking the effects within the catchments. Furthermore, the role of uncertainty, especially originated from natural climate variability, is rarely analyzed. In this work, we quantified the impacts of climate change on hydrological components and determined the sources of uncertainties in the projections for two mostly natural Swiss alpine catchments: Kleine Emme and Thur. Using a two-dimensional weather generator, AWE-GEN-2d, and based on nine different GCM-RCM model chains, we generated high-resolution (2 km, 1 hour) ensembles of gridded climate inputs until the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century. The simulated variables were subsequently used as inputs into the fully distributed hydrological model Topkapi-ETH to estimate the changes in hydrological statistics at 100-m and hourly resolutions. Increased temperatures (by 4&#176;C, on average) and changes in precipitation (decrease over high elevations by up to 10%, and increase at the lower elevation by up to 15%) results in increased evapotranspiration rates in the order of 10%, up to a 50% snowmelt, and drier soil conditions. These changes translate into important shifts in streamflow seasonality at the outlet of the catchments, with a significant increase during the winter months (up to 40%) and a reduction during the summer (up to 30%). Analysis at the sub-catchment scale reveals elevation-dependent hydrological responses: mean annual streamflow, as well as high and low flow extremes, are projected to decrease in the uppermost sub-catchments and increase in the lower ones. Furthermore, we computed the uncertainty of the estimations and compared them to the magnitude of the change signal. Although the signal-to-noise-ratio of extreme streamflow for most sub-catchments is low (below 0.5) there is a clear elevation dependency. In every case, internal climate variability (as opposed to climate model uncertainty) explains most of the uncertainty, averaging 85% for maximum and minimum flows, and 60% for mean flows. The results highlight the importance of modelling the distributed impacts of climate change on mountainous catchments, and of taking into account the role of internal climate variability in hydrological projections.</p>

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Resonant Forcing of the Climate System in Subharmonic Modes

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse8010060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jean-Louis Pinault

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽

Rossby Waves ◽

Thermohaline Circulation ◽

Climate System ◽

Ice Age ◽

Polar Ice ◽

Ice Caps ◽

Resonant Forcing

During recent decades observation of climate archives has raised several questions. Concerning the mid-Pleistocene transition problem, conflicting sets of hypotheses highlight either the role of ice sheets or atmospheric carbon dioxide in causing the increase in duration and severity of ice age cycles. The role of the solar irradiance modulations in climate variability is frequently referenced but the underlying physical justifications remain most mysterious. Here, we extend the key mechanisms involving the oceanic Rossby waves in climate variability, to very long-period, multi-frequency Rossby waves winding around the subtropical gyres. Our study demonstrates that the climate system responds resonantly to solar and orbital forcing in eleven subharmonic modes. We advocate new hypotheses on the evolution of the past climate, implicating the deviation between forcing periods and natural periods according to the subharmonic modes, and the polar ice caps while challenging the role of the thermohaline circulation.

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Exploring the Combined Effect of Urbanization and Climate Variability on Urban Vegetation: A Multi-Perspective Study Based on More than 3000 Cities in China

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12081328 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ze Liang ◽

Yueyao Wang ◽

Fuyue Sun ◽

Hong Jiang ◽

Jiao Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Variability ◽

Great Influence ◽

Yangtze River Delta ◽

Specific Humidity ◽

Urban Vegetation ◽

Key Factors ◽

Local Climate ◽

Nighttime Light ◽

The Yangtze River Delta

More than 3000 cities in China were used to study the effect of urbanization and local climate variability on urban vegetation across different geographical and urbanization conditions. The national scale estimation shows that China’s urban vegetation depicts a trend of degradation from 2000 to 2015, especially in developed areas such as the Yangtze River Delta. According to the panel models, the increase of precipitation (PREC), solar radiation (SRAD), air temperature (TEMP), and specific humidity (SHUM) all enhance urban vegetation, while nighttime light intensity (NLI), population density (POPDEN), and fractal dimension (FRAC) do the opposite. The effects change along the East–West gradient; the influences of PREC and SHUM become greater, while those of TEMP, SRAD, NLI, AREA, and FRAC become smaller. PREC, SHUM, and SRAD play the most important roles in Northeast, Central, and North China, respectively. The role of FRAC and NLI in East China is much greater than in other regions. POPDEN remains influential across all altitudes, while FRAC affects only low-altitude cities. NLI plays a greater role in larger cities, while FRAC and POPDEN are the opposite. In cities outside of the five major urban agglomerations, PREC has a great influence while the key factors are more diversified inside.

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