Kinetic energy and spatial distribution of ions in high irradiance laser ionization source

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Lin ◽  
Ruibin Xu ◽  
Lingfeng Li ◽  
Wei Hang ◽  
Jian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Laser Ionization ◽  
Ionization Source

scholarly journals A small high-irradiance laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 780-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian He ◽  
Rongfu Huang ◽  
Quan Yu ◽  
Yiming Lin ◽  
Wei Hang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Laser Ionization ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometer

Applicability of Standardless Semiquantitative Analysis of Solids by High-Irradiance Laser Ionization Orthogonal Time-of-Fight Mass Spectrometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 4343-4348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Yu ◽  
Rongfu Huang ◽  
Lingfeng Li ◽  
Lin Lin ◽  
Wei Hang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Laser Ionization ◽  
Semiquantitative Analysis

scholarly journals Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Bolt Fishway

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Marta Puzdrowska ◽  
Tomasz Heese
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
3D Flow ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Biological Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Channel Development

The paper presents an analysis the spatial distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) for bolt fishways, including the impact of additional spillway slots and fixed channel development. The research was done for two models, each containing a different arrangement of slots. The presented results of research for bolt fishways were obtained as an effect of laboratory tests. The measurements were done for three components of instant flow velocity magnitude (speed). Analysis of the results was done for a 3D flow structure using Matlab software. In the case of bolt fishways, significant differences were noted for the method of velocity and TKE distribution, in reference to research comprising channels with biological development. It was stated that a reason for this is the flexible development of the channel. The occurrence of extreme TKE values in the chamber (pool) is strictly associated with the characteristics of interaction zones between various flow structures. It was also stated that the lower the parapet of the slot’s spillway shelf is in the fishway’s partition, the higher TKE could be expected just downstream of the section. These establishments may be important for the designing process in the case of fish passes of various types of construction.

scholarly journals Detailed Research on the Turbulent Kinetic Energy’s Distribution in Fishways in Reference to the Bolt Fishway

Fluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Puzdrowska ◽  
Tomasz Heese
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
Intensity Scale ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Low Efficiency

Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and its distribution and volume remain—with the exception of flow velocity—the most important cause of the low efficiency of fish passes. Thus, it is important to define the reasons and mechanisms that explain the distribution of characteristic features of this parameter, as presented in the paper. This publication presents the spatial distribution of TKE for two models of bolt-type fishways. The paper shows details related to characteristic features of TKE distribution and intensity scale in a bolt fishway. The presented research results for the bolt fishway were obtained from laboratory tests using a physical model. Measurements were taken of three temporary components of flow velocity in the indicated measurement sections. It was established that differences in the TKE volume and distribution are a consequence of the state of the stream that leaves the slot’s section or the orifice’s section. This state is defined by the determination of the stream’s potential. A low potential results in high TKE values in the area of the main flow. Thus, considering various structural features of fish passes, one can assert that the potential remains a characteristic feature attributable to a particular type of facility.

Kinetic Energy and Spatial Distribution of Ion Clouds in Paul Traps

1989 ◽  
pp. 453-454
Author(s):  
R. Blatt ◽  
I. Siemers ◽  
M. Schubert ◽  
T. Sauter ◽  
W. Neuhauser
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Kinetic Energy

Simultaneous Field Emission and Photoemission Characterization of N-Doped CVD Diamond

1998 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuichi Matsuda ◽  
Ken Okano ◽  
Bradford B. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Emission Current Density ◽  
Cvd Diamond ◽  
Valence Band Maximum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposited ◽  
Emission Threshold

AbstractThe kinetic energy and spatial distribution of field electron emission from nitrogen (urea) doped, chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films have been examined with simultaneous field emission and photoemission. A linear Fowler-Nordheim characteristic was measured over a wide range of currents. The field emission electrons originate from distinct areas of the flat sample. The dominant origin of field emission is due to electrons tunneling from near the valence band maximum. A time dependent fluctuation in the kinetic energy and spatial distribution of the emission is observed when the applied electric field (and hence emission current density) is increased well above the emission threshold.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Pressure Single Photon Laser Ionization (APSPLI) Mass Spectrometry Using a 157 Nm Fluorine Excimer Laser for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Non- to Semi-Polar Hydrocarbons

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rüger ◽  
Anika Neumann ◽  
Martin Sklorz ◽  
Ralf Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Laser Ionization ◽  
Ionization Source ◽  
Beam Position ◽  
Single Photon Ionization ◽  
Photon Ionization

In this study, atmospheric pressure single photon ionization (APSPLI) mass spectrometry utilizing a fluorine excimer laser operated at 157 nm (7.9 eV) is presented for the first time. For evaluation and optimization, PAH standard mixtures introduced by gas chromatography were used. Atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI) approaches with laser wavelengths above 200 nm induce a multiphoton process, and ionization yields are strongly dependent on the heteroatom-content and isomeric structure. The presented technique using VUV photons allowed for the selective ionization of semi- to non-polar compounds in a single photon ionization process. Consequently, molecular radical cations were found as base peak, whereas protonated species were almost absent. Even though the ionization chamber is flushed by a high flow of pure nitrogen, remaining oxygen and water traces caused several side-reactions, leading to unwanted oxidized ionization artifacts. Installation of a water and oxygen filter cartridge significantly reduced the abundance of those artifacts, whereas the laser beam position was found to have a substantially lower effect. For evaluating complex mixture analysis, APSPLI was applied to characterize a light crude oil subjected to the ionization source by thermogravimetry and gas chromatography hyphenation. In addition to aromatic hydrocarbons, APSPLI also allowed for the sensitive ionization of sulfur-containing aromatic constituents, and even species with two sulfur-atoms could be detected. A comparison of APSPLI to APLI conducted at 266 nm revealed the additional compositional space accessible by the single photon process. This novel ionization concept is envisioned to have a high analytical potential further explored in the future.<br>

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