Effects of eco-environmental damage compensation system with multi-stakeholder engagements: a DSGE perspective from China

We present and estimate a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for an eco-environmental damage compensation system (EDCS) with multi-stakeholder engagements. Then we explore the dynamic effect under different shocks such as household and government supervision, environmental damage compensation ratio, pollution emission threshold, and pollution control efforts. The household and government supervision show the positive effect of environmental regulation on conserving energy, abating emission, reducing damage compensation, and increasing economic output. The environmental damage compensation ratio can also contribute to energy conservation and emission reduction, but there are no significant regulation effects of pollutant emission and damage compensation. The pollutant emission threshold and the pollution control efforts have significant environmental regulation effects, but the latter does not significantly restrain high energy consumption. All the shocks mentioned above can effectively improve the green development level.

Honda Tiger 2000 Bike Engine Modification Test against Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

This study aims to determine the effect of modification of the Honda Tiger 2000 on exhaust emissions of CO and HC. The method used is to modify the carburettor venturi piston and replace the rocker arm with a roller rocker arm. The exhaust emission test used a gas analyzer type SUKYOUNG SY-GA 401. The object of the study was a Honda Tiger 2000 motorcycle. The results showed that modification of the Honda Tiger 2000 motorcycle at idle, 1000 rpm, 1500 rpm, and 2000 rpm increased CO emissions but reduced HC emissions. Based on comparing the motorcycle emission threshold values for manufacture ≤ 2010, namely CO emissions exceeding 5.5% and HC emissions less than 2400 ppm. Pertamax Turbo fuel consumption is more efficient than Pertalite with a distance ratio of 45 km requiring 1L Pertamax Turbo and 1.4L Petalite.

Hydrogen Plasma Treatment of Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Improvement of Field Emission Properties

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays show potential for the development of planar low-voltage emission cathodes. The characteristics of cathodes can be improved by modifying their surface, e.g., by hydrogen plasma treatment, as was performed in this work. The surface of multi-walled CNT arrays grown on silicon substrates from toluene and ferrocene using catalytic chemical vapor deposition was treated in a high-pressure (~104 Pa) microwave reactor. The structure, composition, and current-voltage characteristics of the arrays were studied before and after hydrogen plasma treatment at various power values and durations. CNT tips were destroyed and catalytic iron was released from the CNT channels. The etching rate was influenced by iron particles that formed on the array surface. The lower emission threshold in the plasma-treated arrays than in the initial sample is explained by the amplification factor of the local electric field increasing due to graphene structures of unfolded nanotube layers that formed at the CNT tips.

Dust Emission Thresholds in Loess Soil Under Different Saltation Fluxes

Soil-derived dust particles produced by aeolian (wind) processes have significant impacts on humans and the Earth’s systems. The soil particle size distribution is a major soil characteristic in dust emission models. Yet empirical information on the dependence of dust emission thresholds on soil particle size distribution is still lacking. The main goal of this study was to explore the dust emission threshold from semi-arid loess soil samples by a targeted wind-tunnel experiment. The results clearly show that the dust emission threshold is associated with the saltation threshold with no distinct direct aerodynamic lifting of the loose dust particle. The dust flux depends on the amount of the clay-silt fraction in the soil, the shear velocity, and the saltation flux under certain shear velocity. The study aimed to advance our understating of the dust emission processes, and to provide empirical information for parametrization in dust emission models and for management strategy of soils in preventing dust emission.