scholarly journals Effect of novel triazole–amino acid hybrids on growth and virulence of Candida species: in vitro and in vivo studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (45) ◽  
pp. 10599-10619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babita Aneja ◽  
Mohammad Irfan ◽  
Charu Kapil ◽  
Mohamad Aman Jairajpuri ◽  
Ronan Maguire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Anticandidal Activity

Twenty four triazole–amino acid hybrids have been designed and synthesized, among which compounds68and70exhibited most potentin vitroandin vivoanticandidal activity.

scholarly journals Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Cruzat ◽  
Marcelo Macedo Rogero ◽  
Kevin Noel Keane ◽  
Rui Curi ◽  
Philip Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Nutrition Supplementation ◽  
Wide Range

Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease, the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For instance, in vitro and in vivo studies have determined that glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytic plus secretory activities and neutrophil bacterial killing. Glutamine release to the circulation and availability is mainly controlled by key metabolic organs, such as the gut, liver and skeletal muscles. During catabolic/hypercatabolic situations glutamine can become essential for metabolic function, but its availability may be compromised due to impairment of homeostasis in the inter-tissue metabolism of amino acids. For this reason, glutamine is currently part of clinical nutrition supplementation protocols and/or recommended for immune suppressed individuals. However, in a wide range of catabolic/hypercatabolic situations (e.g. ill/critically ill, post-trauma, sepsis, exhausted athletes) it is currently difficult to determine whether glutamine parenteral or enteral supplementation should be recommended based on the amino acid plasma concentration (glutaminemia). Although the beneficial immune based effects of glutamine supplementation is already established, many questions and evidence for positive in vivo outcomes still remain to be presented. Therefore, this paper provides an integrated review on how glutamine metabolism in key organs is important to cells of the immune system. We also discuss glutamine metabolism, action and important issues related to the effects of glutamine supplementation in catabolic situations.

scholarly journals In Vitro, in Situ and in Vivo Studies on the Anticandidal Activity of Cassia fistula Seed Extract

Molecules ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 6997-7009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanion L. Jothy ◽  
Zuraini Zakariah ◽  
Yeng Chen ◽  
Sreenivasan Sasidharan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Extract ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Anticandidal Activity

scholarly journals Assessment of Ceragenins in Prevention of Damage to Voice Prostheses Caused by Candida Biofilm Formation

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1371
Author(s):  
Jakub Spałek ◽  
Tamara Daniluk ◽  
Adrian Godlewski ◽  
Piotr Deptuła ◽  
Urszula Wnorowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Species ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Voice Prostheses

This study aimed to investigate the potential application of ceragenins (CSAs) as new candidacidal agents to prevent biofilm formation on voice prostheses (VPs). The deterioration of the silicone material of VPs is caused by biofilm growth on the device which leads to frequent replacement procedures and sometimes serious complications. A significant proportion of these failures is caused by Candida species. We found that CSAs have significant candidacidal activities in vitro (MIC; MFC; MBIC), and they effectively eradicate species of yeast responsible for VP failure. Additionally, in our in vitro experimental setting, when different Candida species were subjected to CSA-13 and CSA-131 during 25 passages, no tested Candida strain showed the significant development of resistance. Using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we found that VP immersion in an ethanol solution containing CSA-131 results in silicon impregnation with CSA-131 molecules, and in vitro testing revealed that fungal biofilm formation on such VP surfaces was inhibited by embedded ceragenins. Future in vivo studies will validate the use of ceragenin-coated VP for improvement in the life quality and safety of patients after a total laryngectomy.

Amino Acid Degrading Enzymes and their Application in Cancer Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim S. Pokrovsky ◽  
Olga E. Chepikova ◽  
Denis Zh. Davydov ◽  
Andrey A. Zamyatnin Jr ◽  
Alexander N. Lukashev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Essential Components

Background:Amino acids are essential components in various biochemical pathways. The deprivation of certain amino acids is an antimetabolite strategy for the treatment of amino acid-dependent cancers which exploits the compromised metabolism of malignant cells. Several studies have focused on the development and preclinical and clinical evaluation of amino acid degrading enzymes, namely L-asparaginase, L-methionine γ-lyase, L-arginine deiminase, L-lysine α-oxidase. Further research into cancer cell metabolism may therefore define possible targets for controlling tumor growth.Objective:The purpose of this review was to summarize recent progress in the relationship between amino acids metabolism and cancer therapy, with a particular focus on Lasparagine, L-methionine, L-arginine and L-lysine degrading enzymes and their formulations, which have been successfully used in the treatment of several types of cancer.Methods:We carried out a structured search among literature regarding to amino acid degrading enzymes. The main aspects of search were in vitro and in vivo studies, clinical trials concerning application of these enzymes in oncology.Results:Most published research are on the subject of L-asparaginase properties and it’s use for cancer treatment. L-arginine deiminase has shown promising results in a phase II trial in advanced melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Other enzymes, in particular Lmethionine γ-lyase and L-lysine α-oxidase, were effective in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion:The findings of this review revealed that therapy based on amino acid depletion may have the potential application for cancer treatment but further clinical investigations are required to provide the efficacy and safety of these agents.

scholarly journals Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy with the novel amino acid-porphyrin conjugate 4I: In vitro and in vivo studies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0176529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Yuan ◽  
Zi-Quan Liu ◽  
Heng Jin ◽  
Shi Sun ◽  
Tian-Jun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Biodegradation of amino-acid-based poly(ester amide)s: in vitro weight loss and preliminary in vivo studies

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tsitlanadze ◽  
M. Machaidze ◽  
T. Kviria ◽  
N. Djavakhishvili ◽  
C. C. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
In Vivo Studies

scholarly journals Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius Cruzat ◽  
Marcelo Macedo Rogero ◽  
Kevin Noel Keane ◽  
Rui Curi ◽  
Philip Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Nutrition Supplementation ◽  
Wide Range

Glutamine is the most abundant and versatile amino acid in the body. In health and disease, the rate of glutamine consumption by immune cells is similar or greater than glucose. For instance, in vitro and in vivo studies have determined that glutamine is an essential nutrient for lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production, macrophage phagocytic plus secretory activities, and neutrophil bacterial killing. Glutamine release to the circulation and availability is mainly controlled by key metabolic organs, such as the gut, liver, and skeletal muscles. During catabolic/hypercatabolic situations glutamine can become essential for metabolic function, but its availability may be compromised due to the impairment of homeostasis in the inter-tissue metabolism of amino acids. For this reason, glutamine is currently part of clinical nutrition supplementation protocols and/or recommended for immune suppressed individuals. However, in a wide range of catabolic/hypercatabolic situations (e.g., ill/critically ill, post-trauma, sepsis, exhausted athletes), it is currently difficult to determine whether glutamine supplementation (oral/enteral or parenteral) should be recommended based on the amino acid plasma/bloodstream concentration (also known as glutaminemia). Although the beneficial immune-based effects of glutamine supplementation are already established, many questions and evidence for positive in vivo outcomes still remain to be presented. Therefore, this paper provides an integrated review of how glutamine metabolism in key organs is important to cells of the immune system. We also discuss glutamine metabolism and action, and important issues related to the effects of glutamine supplementation in catabolic situations.

scholarly journals Versatile Nutraceutical Potentials of Watermelon—A Modest Fruit Loaded with Pharmaceutically Valuable Phytochemicals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5258
Author(s):  
Abinaya Manivannan ◽  
Eun-Su Lee ◽  
Koeun Han ◽  
Hye-Eun Lee ◽  
Do-Sun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Alpha Amino Acid

Watermelon (Citrulus lantus) is an important horticultural crop which belongs to the Curcubitaceae family. The nutraceutical potential of watermelon has been illustrated by several researchers, which makes it a better choice of functional food. Watermelon has been used to treat various ailments, such as cardio-vascular diseases, aging related ailments, obesity, diabetes, ulcers, and various types of cancers. The medicinal properties of watermelon are attributed by the presence of important phytochemicals with pharmaceutical values such as lycopene, citrulline, and other polyphenolic compounds. Watermelon acts as vital source of l-citrulline, a neutral-alpha amino acid which is the precursor of l-arginine, an essential amino acid necessary for protein synthesis. Supplementation of l-citrulline and lycopene displayed numerous health benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. Similarly, the dietary intake of watermelon has proven benefits as functional food in humans for weight management. Apart from the fruits, the extracts prepared from the seeds, sprouts, and leaves also evidenced medicinal properties. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of benefits of watermelon for the treatment of various ailments.

scholarly journals Analysis of L-leucine amino acid transporter species activity and gene expression by human blood brain barrier hCMEC/D3 model reveal potential LAT1, LAT4, B0AT2 and y+LAT1 functional cooperation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2110395
Author(s):  
Mehdi Taslimifar ◽  
Martin Faltys ◽  
Vartan Kurtcuoglu ◽  
François Verrey ◽  
Victoria Makrides
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Blood Brain

In the CNS, amino acid (AA) neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter precursors are subject to tight homeostatic control mediated by blood-brain barrier (BBB) solute carrier amino acid transporters (AATs). Since the BBB is composed of multiple closely apposed cell types and opportunities for human in vivo studies are limited, we used in vitro and computational approaches to investigate human BBB AAT activity and regulation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of the human BBB endothelial cell model hCMEC/D3 (D3) was used to determine expression of selected AAT, tight junction (TJ), and signal transduction (ST) genes under various culture conditions. L-leucine uptake data were interrogated with a computational model developed by our group for calculating AAT activity in complex cell cultures. This approach is potentially applicable to in vitro cell culture drug studies where multiple “receptors” may mediate observed responses. Of 7 Leu AAT genes expressed by D3 only the activity of SLC7A5-SLC3A2/LAT1-4F2HC (LAT1), SLC43A2/LAT4 (LAT4) and sodium-dependent AATs, SLC6A15/B0AT2 (B0AT2), and SLC7A7/y+LAT1 (y+LAT1) were calculated to be required for Leu uptake. Therefore, D3 Leu transport may be mediated by a potentially physiologically relevant functional cooperation between the known BBB AAT, LAT1 and obligatory exchange (y+LAT1), facilitative diffusion (LAT4), and sodium symporter (B0AT2) transporters.

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