Renewable thermoset polymers based on lignin and carbohydrate derived monomers

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Duanchen Ding ◽  
Shou Zhao ◽  
Hanyu Zhu ◽  
Hilkka I. Kenttämaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Biomass Utilization ◽  
Limited Current ◽  
Thermoset Polymers

With limited current biomass utilization as a renewable resource, it is important to develop a method to convert biomass into materials to replace fossil fuel products.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Self-Healable Copolymers of Styrene and Eugenol Terminated Polyurethane Prepolymer

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Yu Liang ◽  
Se-Ra Shin ◽  
Soo-Hyoung Lee ◽  
Dai-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Healing Property ◽  
Polyurethane Prepolymer ◽  
Reversible Nature

With limited biomass that can be currently utilized as a renewable resource, it is important to develop a method to convert biomass into materials that can replace fossil fuel product. In this paper, eugenol, a bio-based allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, was used to synthesize self-healable copolymers. Eugenol terminated polyurethane prepolymer (ETPU) was synthesized from eugenol and polyurethane prepolymers terminated with isocyanate groups. ETPU contained two allyl groups. Self-healing copolymer networks were obtained by copolymerization of ETPU and styrene monomer via free radical polymerization. Effects of ETPU content on the properties of copolymers were then studied. These copolymers containing ETPU exhibited good thermal stability and mechanical properties. These copolymers showed higher tensile strength and elongation at break than PS. Their maximum tensile strength reached 19 MPa. In addition, these copolymers showed self-healing property at elevated temperature due to the reversible nature of urethane units in ETPU.

scholarly journals Environment and Economic Assessment of Hydrogen Production from Methane and Ethanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rizza Othman ◽  
Umarul Imran Amran ◽  
Arshad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Operating Expenditure ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Lca Results

Hydrogen is an interesting energy source alternative to fossil fuel which commonly produced from a non-renewable resource such as methane. Alternatively, ethanol is an attractive resource option for producing hydrogen because of its renewability. Assessing both alternatives is important for selection of better and sustainable option. In this work, we perform an environmental and economic assessment of both hydrogen production pathways and compare its performance. In doing that, both processes were modelled and simulated in Aspen Plus V8.6. Sensitivity analysis were performed as well. Life cycle assessment (LCA) ReciPe method was performed to evaluate the environmental performance using GaBi sotware. Overall, 16 categories impact assessment were evaluated. Economic assessment was based on capital expenditure (CAPEX) of all main equipment and operating expenditure (OPEX) of utilities. From LCA results, three categories were identified as highly significant namely climate change, fossil depletion and water depletion. Methane shows a higher impact on climate change. In contrary, ethanol shows a higher impact on fossil fuel resource depletion and water resources. Economic assessment shows that in term of capital expenditure (CAPEX) methane is 5.2% less compared to ethanol. Whereas, for operating expenditure (OPEX) methane is 12.8% less compared to ethanol. Overall, our findings show that methane outwit ethanol despite the latter uses a renewable source for hydrogen production.

Natural, artificial or imported? Ice supplies for the German distant-water fisheries as an example of renewable vs. fossil-fuel based supplies

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-862
Author(s):  
Ingo Heidbrink
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Fishing Fleets ◽  
Ice Production ◽  
Distant Water Fishing

From the early decades of the twentieth century the distant-water fishing fleets relied more or less completely on the use of artificially manufactured ice for the preservation of their catches. Large-scale fossil-fuel powered ice factories in the main European fishing ports provided the ice taken onboard trawlers before they left port for the fishing trip. When the fishing grounds of the Barents Sea and the Svalbard region were developed in the 1930s, bunker capacities of trawlers were no longer sufficient for a journey without re-bunkering coal or ice. Northern Norwegian ports therefore became regularly used as bunker stations for coal and ice, with huge natural ice factories being developed in northern Norway for the supply of trawlers. Those with interests in artificial ice production in continental Europe, particularly in Bremerhaven/Geestemünde, started a campaign against the use of natural ice based on the argument that natural ice was unsanitary and would cause bacterial contamination of the fish. Several authorities became involved and finally an expedition by the Reichskuratorium für Technik in der Landwirtschaft was organized to investigate the issue of bacterial contamination of ice manufactured in northern Norway. With the findings of this expedition clearly showing that there was no contamination issue with the natural ice, it became obvious that the whole campaign against natural ice was not guided by quality concerns, but by the commercial interests of German artificial ice producers. In the end, the whole story can be understood as a key example of how a fossil-fuel powered industry tried to push a competitor using a renewable resource (natural ice) out of the market, and how certain authorities were complicit in this attempt.

DOWNDRAFT GASIFIER INDUSTRIAL EXPERIMENT

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Karklina ◽  
Vladimirs Kirsanovs ◽  
Ivars Veidenbergs ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga ◽  
Dainius Paliulis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Industrial Experiment ◽  
Combustible Gas ◽  
Solid Biomass

Economic and environmental considerations of fossil fuel use, such as its shortage and impact on the air quality, as well as contribution to the climate change process, has lead to the necessity to develop biomass-based energy supply systems. Biomass is a renewable resource, which is an alternative for the fossil fuel. However, use of solid biomass is limited by the applicable technologies – it is not possible to use it in gas turbines or internal combustion engines, which are applied for the efficient combined heat and power generation. Therefore, biomass gasification is considered as a means of perspective energy conversion. In gasification, the intrinsic chemical energy of solid biomass is converted into the energy of combustible gas that can be used in gas-consuming engines. Tar is a by-product of gasification; it mainly consists of organic substances heavier than benzene and leads to clogging of pipes and downstream equipment because of its condensation on the inner surfaces. Determination of tar mass concentration and composition depending on the gasifier operational mode is the first step for process optimization aiming to get the maximal yield of useful syngas. An industrial experiment is examined in the paper, the gasifier model is compared with the results of practical measurements, and the method for tar determination is tested? on a real object. The predicted tar value in the model was 58 g/mn3, practical measurements showed that gravimetric tar mass concentration is in the range of 0.54…5.64 g/mn3.

scholarly journals Biotechnological tools to improve ethanol production from plant biomass

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Juraj Faragó
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Bioethanol Production

Increasing concerns for security of the fossil fuel supply emphasizes the need to complement fossil fuel-based energy sources with renewable energy sources. Plant biomass represents an abundant renewable resource for the production of bioenergy and biomaterials. This review summarizes the last advancements in the use of biotechnological tools to improve bioethanol production from plant biomass through genetic engineering the starch content and composition and lignocellulosic matter characteristics, and increasing the capacity of plants to produce harvestable yield and ameliorating the negative abiotic stresses on plants so as to increase yield.

Houghton calls for fossil fuel cuts

Nature ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 379 (6567) ◽  
pp. 671-671
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel

Fossil fuel without the fossils

Nature ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel

Alkohol im Tank – Bio-Kraftstoffe und die Grenzen moderner Mobilität

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Hartwig Berger
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World

The article discusses the future of mobility in the light of energy resources. Fossil fuel will not be available for a long time - not to mention its growing environmental and political conflicts. In analysing the potential of biofuel it is argued that the high demands of modern mobility can hardly be fulfilled in the future. Furthermore, the change into using biofuel will probably lead to increasing conflicts between the fuel market and the food market, as well as to conflicts with regional agricultural networks in the third world. Petrol imperialism might be replaced by bio imperialism. Therefore, mobility on a solar base pursues a double strategy of raising efficiency on the one hand and strongly reducing mobility itself on the other.

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