scholarly journals Photoinduced processes in nucleic acids and proteins: concluding remarks

2018 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
Rienk van Grondelle
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Dna Photodamage ◽  
Induced Charge ◽  
Photoinduced Processes

Light induced charge and energy transport in nucleic acids and proteins is the basis of fundamental biological processes such as photosynthesis, vision, DNA-photostability, DNA-photodamage and photosensing.

scholarly journals Light induced charge and energy transport in nucleic acids and proteins: general discussion

2018 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Amitabha Chattopadhyay ◽  
Richard Cogdell ◽  
Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández ◽  
Ankona Datta ◽  
Arijit De ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Induced Charge

scholarly journals Silencing Antibiotic Resistance with Antisense Oligonucleotides

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Saumya Jani ◽  
Maria Soledad Ramirez ◽  
Marcelo E. Tolmasky
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Rnase H ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acids

Antisense technologies consist of the utilization of oligonucleotides or oligonucleotide analogs to interfere with undesirable biological processes, commonly through inhibition of expression of selected genes. This field holds a lot of promise for the treatment of a very diverse group of diseases including viral and bacterial infections, genetic disorders, and cancer. To date, drugs approved for utilization in clinics or in clinical trials target diseases other than bacterial infections. Although several groups and companies are working on different strategies, the application of antisense technologies to prokaryotes still lags with respect to those that target other human diseases. In those cases where the focus is on bacterial pathogens, a subset of the research is dedicated to produce antisense compounds that silence or reduce expression of antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, these compounds will be adjuvants administered with the antibiotic to which they reduce resistance levels. A varied group of oligonucleotide analogs like phosphorothioate or phosphorodiamidate morpholino residues, as well as peptide nucleic acids, locked nucleic acids and bridge nucleic acids, the latter two in gapmer configuration, have been utilized to reduce resistance levels. The major mechanisms of inhibition include eliciting cleavage of the target mRNA by the host’s RNase H or RNase P, and steric hindrance. The different approaches targeting resistance to β-lactams include carbapenems, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones. The purpose of this short review is to summarize the attempts to develop antisense compounds that inhibit expression of resistance to antibiotics.

scholarly journals Platelet Extracellular Vesicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Puhm ◽  
Eric Boilard ◽  
Kellie R. Machlus
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Broad Array

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a means of cell-to-cell communication and can facilitate the exchange of a broad array of molecules between adjacent or distant cells. Platelets are anucleate cells derived from megakaryocytes and are primarily known for their role in maintaining hemostasis and vascular integrity. Upon activation by a variety of agonists, platelets readily generate EVs, which were initially identified as procoagulant particles. However, as both platelets and their EVs are abundant in blood, the role of platelet EVs in hemostasis may be redundant. Moreover, findings have challenged the significance of platelet-derived EVs in coagulation. Looking beyond hemostasis, platelet EV cargo is incredibly diverse and can include lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and organelles involved in numerous other biological processes. Furthermore, while platelets cannot cross tissue barriers, their EVs can enter lymph, bone marrow, and synovial fluid. This allows for the transfer of platelet-derived content to cellular recipients and organs inaccessible to platelets. This review highlights the importance of platelet-derived EVs in physiological and pathological conditions beyond hemostasis.

Highlights from the Faraday discussion on photoinduced processes in nucleic acids and proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (34) ◽  
pp. 4207-4215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Segarra-Martí ◽  
Remya Ramakrishnan ◽  
Javier Vinals ◽  
Ashley J. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Photoinduced Processes

The Faraday meeting on photoinduced processes in nucleic acids and proteins was held in Thiruvananthapuram, India in January 2018, continuing the meetings initiated by the Royal Society over 110 years ago, with the first meeting taking place in London in 1907.

scholarly journals Spiers Memorial Lecture : Introductory lecture: the impact of structure on photoinduced processes in nucleic acids and proteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Tatiana Domratcheva ◽  
Ilme Schlichting
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Introductory Lecture ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Photoinduced Processes

This review gives an overview of the impact of structure on the understanding of photoinduced processes in macromolecules, focusing on systems presented at this Faraday Discussion meeting.

scholarly journals Labelling of DNA and RNA in the cellular environment by means of bioorthogonal cycloaddition chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothée Ganz ◽  
Dennis Harijan ◽  
Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Cellular Environment ◽  
Cellular Components

Labelling of nucleic acids as biologically important cellular components is a crucial prerequisite for the visualization and understanding of biological processes.

scholarly journals Advanced Nanoscale Approaches to Single-(Bio)entity Sensing and Imaging

Biosensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Neves ◽  
Daniel Martín-Yerga
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Stochastic Events ◽  
Conventional Detection

Individual (bio)chemical entities could show a very heterogeneous behaviour under the same conditions that could be relevant in many biological processes of significance in the life sciences. Conventional detection approaches are only able to detect the average response of an ensemble of entities and assume that all entities are identical. From this perspective, important information about the heterogeneities or rare (stochastic) events happening in individual entities would remain unseen. Some nanoscale tools present interesting physicochemical properties that enable the possibility to detect systems at the single-entity level, acquiring richer information than conventional methods. In this review, we introduce the foundations and the latest advances of several nanoscale approaches to sensing and imaging individual (bio)entities using nanoprobes, nanopores, nanoimpacts, nanoplasmonics and nanomachines. Several (bio)entities such as cells, proteins, nucleic acids, vesicles and viruses are specifically considered. These nanoscale approaches provide a wide and complete toolbox for the study of many biological systems at the single-entity level.

The mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic novel nucleic acids for hepatocellular carcinoma emerging in past score years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Zhengwen Wang ◽  
Qitao Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circulating Tumor Dna ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Tumor Dna

Abstract Despite The Central Dogma states the destiny of gene as ‘DNA makes RNA and RNA makes protein’, the nucleic acids not only store and transmit genetic information but also, surprisingly, join in intracellular vital movement as a regulator of gene expression. Bioinformatics has contributed to knowledge for a series of emerging novel nucleic acids molecules. For typical cases, microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) exert crucial role in regulating vital biological processes, especially in malignant diseases. Due to extraordinarily heterogeneity among all malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has emerged enormous limitation in diagnosis and therapy. Mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic nucleic acids for HCC emerging in past score years have been systematically reviewed. Particularly, we have organized recent advances on nucleic acids of HCC into three facets: (i) summarizing diverse nucleic acids and their modification (miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, circulating tumor DNA and DNA methylation) acting as potential biomarkers in HCC diagnosis; (ii) concluding different patterns of three key noncoding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA) in gene regulation and (iii) outlining the progress of these novel nucleic acids for HCC diagnosis and therapy in clinical trials, and discuss their possibility for clinical applications. All in all, this review takes a detailed look at the advances of novel nucleic acids from potential of biomarkers and elaboration of mechanism to early clinical application in past 20 years.

scholarly journals Structure-mechanics statistical learning unravels the linkage between local rigidity and global flexibility in nucleic acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 4969-4979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Tsao Chen ◽  
Haw Yang ◽  
Jhih-Wei Chu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Genome Packaging ◽  
Local Rigidity ◽  
Statistical Learning Method ◽  
Molecular Origin

The mechanical properties of nucleic acids underlie biological processes ranging from genome packaging to gene expression. We devise structural mechanics statistical learning method to reveal their molecular origin in terms of chemical interactions.

scholarly journals Novel Approaches in Biomolecule Labeling

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Cyrille Sabot ◽  
Péter Kele
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Selective Functionalization ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Biology Research ◽  
Insight Into

The selective functionalization of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids or carbohydrates is a focus of persistent interest due to their widespread use, ranging from basic chemical biology research to gain insight into biological processes to the most promising biomedical applications, including the development of diagnostics or targeted therapies [...]

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