A review of electrode materials based on core–shell nanostructures for electrochemical supercapacitors

This review article outlines the most commonly used methods for making the core/shell structures as the active materials for supercapacitors over the past decade (2007–2018), and points out the most efficient combination of the material categories and morphologies for the core/shell structure.

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A SERS Study of Charge Transfer Process in Au Nanorod–MBA@Cu2O Assemblies: Effect of Length to Diameter Ratio of Au Nanorods

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11040867 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 867

Author(s):

Lin Guo ◽

Zhu Mao ◽

Sila Jin ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Junqi Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Charge Transfer ◽

Shell Structure ◽

Shell Structures ◽

Core Shell ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Au Nanorods ◽

The Core ◽

Band Position ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Core Shell Structure

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful tool in charge transfer (CT) process research. By analyzing the relative intensity of the characteristic bands in the bridging molecules, one can obtain detailed information about the CT between two materials. Herein, we synthesized a series of Au nanorods (NRs) with different length-to-diameter ratios (L/Ds) and used these Au NRs to prepare a series of core–shell structures with the same Cu2O thicknesses to form Au NR–4-mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA)@Cu2O core–shell structures. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption bands were adjusted by tuning the L/Ds of Au NR cores in these assemblies. SERS spectra of the core-shell structure were obtained under 633 and 785 nm laser excitations, and on the basis of the differences in the relative band strengths of these SERS spectra detected with the as-synthesized assemblies, we calculated the CT degree of the core–shell structure. We explored whether the Cu2O conduction band and valence band position and the SPR absorption band position together affect the CT process in the core–shell structure. In this work, we found that the specific surface area of the Au NRs could influence the CT process in Au NR–MBA@Cu2O core–shell structures, which has rarely been discussed before.

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Formation of bismuth iron oxide based core–shell structures and their dielectric, ferroelectric and magnetic properties

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/c8tc04908d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 1280-1291 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alaka Panda ◽

R. Govindaraj ◽

R. Mythili ◽

G. Amarendra

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Magnetic Properties ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Shell Structures ◽

Core Shell ◽

Bismuth Iron Oxide ◽

The Core ◽

Shell Nanostructures ◽

Transmission Electron

Bismuth and iron oxides subjected to ball milling followed by controlled annealing treatments showed the formation of core–shell nanostructures with Bi2Fe4O9 as the core and a shell of BiFeO3 and Bi25FeO40 phases as deduced based on the analysis of transmission electron microscopy results.

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Formation of Core–Shell Structures in Emulsion Electrospun Fibres: A Comparative Study

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch14214 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 1403 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Chong Wang ◽

Min Wang

Keyword(s):

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ◽

Shell Structure ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Water Phase ◽

Shell Structures ◽

Ionic Surfactant ◽

Core Shell ◽

The Core ◽

Core Shell Structure ◽

Span 80

Electrospinning has attracted great attention in recent years from different industries including biomedical engineering. Owing to the relative ease of fabricating ultrafine fibres with core–shell structures, emulsion electrospinning has been investigated intensively for making nanofibrous delivery vehicles for local and sustained release of bioactive or therapeutic substances, especially biomolecules such as growth factors. In preparing emulsions for electrospinning, different surfactants, ionic or non-ionic, can be used, which may subsequently influence the evolution of the core–shell structure in the electrospun emulsion jet or fibre. In this investigation, emulsions consisting of deionized water or phosphate buffer saline as the water phase, a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) solution as the oil phase and Span 80 (a non-ionic surfactant) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (an ionic surfactant) were electrospun into fibres for studying the core–shell structure and its evolution in emulsion electrospun fibres. Different microscopies were employed to study the morphological changes of the water phase in fibre samples collected at different locations along the jet (or fibre) trajectory during emulsion electrospinning. It was found that the evolution of the fibre core–shell structure was significantly different when different surfactants were used. If Span 80 was the surfactant, the water phase within the thick emulsion jet (or fibre) close to the Taylor cone existed in a discrete state whereas in ultrafine fibres collected beyond a certain distance from the Taylor cone, a mostly continuous water-phase core was observed. If sodium dodecyl sulfate was the surfactant, the core–shell structure in the thick jet (or fibre) was irregular but relatively continuous. A single core core–shell structure was eventually developed in ultrafine fibres. The core–shell structure in electrospun fibres and its evolution were also affected by the emulsion composition (e.g. polymer solution concentration, water-phase volume, and ion addition in the water phase).

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Acetylene hydrogenation over structured Au–Pd catalysts

Faraday Discussions ◽

10.1039/c5fd00188a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 188 ◽

pp. 499-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Alan J. McCue ◽

Richard T. Baker ◽

James A. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Shell Morphology ◽

Shell Structures ◽

Core Shell ◽

Shell Layer ◽

Pd Catalysts ◽

Acetylene Hydrogenation ◽

The Core ◽

Selective Hydrogenation Of Acetylene ◽

Core Shell Structure ◽

Improved Performance

AuPd nanoparticles were prepared following a methodology designed to produce core–shell structures (an Au core and a Pd shell). Characterisation suggested that slow addition of the shell metal favoured deposition onto the pre-formed core, whereas more rapid addition favoured the formation of a monometallic Pd phase in addition to some nanoparticles with the core–shell morphology. When used for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene, samples that possessed monometallic Pd particles favoured over-hydrogenation to form ethane. A sample prepared by the slow addition of a small amount of Pd resulted in the formation of a core–shell structure but with an incomplete Pd shell layer. This material exhibited a completely different product selectivity with ethylene and oligomers forming as the major products as opposed to ethane. The improved performance was thought to be as a result of the absence of Pd particles, which are capable of forming a Pd-hydride phase, with enhanced oligomer selectivity associated with reaction on uncovered Au atoms.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Co3O4/ZnCo2O4 Core-Shell Nanostructures for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Journal of The Electrochemical Society ◽

10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a27 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

En-Syuan Lin ◽

Feng-Sheng Chao ◽

Chen-Jui Liang ◽

Chi-Jung Chang ◽

Alex Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shell Structure ◽

High Performance ◽

Nickel Foam ◽

Core Shell ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Active Materials ◽

Structural Support ◽

Shell Nanostructures ◽

Core Shell Structure ◽

Co3o4 Nanorods

Abstract Supercapacitive properties of Co/ZnCo oxide composite with a core-shell nanostructure (Co3O4/ZnCo2O4) prepared directly onto a nickel foam substrate by a two-step hydrothermal method were investigated. The synthesized core-shell structure consisted of some ~40-100 nm in thick flaky ZnCo2O4 deposits coated onto the surface of Co3O4 nanorods measuring ~150 nm in diameter. The specific capacitance value of the Co3O4/ZnCo2O4 core-shell nanostructure synthesized by hydrothermal at 130°C for a ZnCo2O4 deposition time of 2 h can attain 1804 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s. Furthermore, the core-shell structured electrode still exhibited a relatively good capacitance retention of more than 93% after 3000 CV cycles due to the superior structural support of Co3O4 scaffolds. The Co3O4/ZnCo2O4 core-shell structure exhibits excellent electrochemical performances and, as such, is one of the more promising active materials in pseudocapacitor applications.

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Iron Based Core-Shell Structures as Versatile Materials: Magnetic Support and Solid Catalyst

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11010072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Christian Zambrzycki ◽

Runbang Shao ◽

Archismita Misra ◽

Carsten Streb ◽

Ulrich Herr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Purification ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Core Material ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Core Shell ◽

Shell Nanoparticles ◽

The Core ◽

Shell Nanostructures ◽

Sio2 Shell ◽

Iron Based

Core-shell materials are promising functional materials for fundamental research and industrial application, as their properties can be adapted for specific applications. In particular, particles featuring iron or iron oxide as core material are relevant since they combine magnetic and catalytic properties. The addition of an SiO2 shell around the core particles introduces additional design aspects, such as a pore structure and surface functionalization. Herein, we describe the synthesis and application of iron-based core-shell nanoparticles for two different fields of research that is heterogeneous catalysis and water purification. The iron-based core shell materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, as well as N2-physisorption, X-ray diffraction, and vibrating-sample magnetometer measurements in order to correlate their properties with the performance in the target applications. Investigations of these materials in CO2 hydrogenation and water purification show their versatility and applicability in different fields of research and application, after suitable individual functionalization of the core-shell precursor. For design and application of magnetically separable particles, the SiO2 shell is surface-functionalized with an ionic liquid in order to bind water pollutants selectively. The core requires no functionalization, as it provides suitable magnetic properties in the as-made state. For catalytic application in synthesis gas reactions, the SiO2-stabilized core nanoparticles are reductively functionalized to provide the catalytically active metallic iron sites. Therefore, Fe@SiO2 core-shell nanostructures are shown to provide platform materials for various fields of application, after a specific functionalization.

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Construction of MOFs-Shell Porous Materials and Performance Study in Selective Adsorption and Separation of Benzene Pollutants

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/d1dt01205c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yu Qiao ◽

Na Lv ◽

Dong Li ◽

Hongji Li ◽

Xiangxin Xue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Porous Materials ◽

Shell Structure ◽

Selective Adsorption ◽

Core Shell ◽

Architecture Design ◽

Performance Study ◽

The Core ◽

Core Shell Structure ◽

And Performance ◽

Sacrificial Agent

Metastable Cu2O is an attractive material for the architecture design of integrated nanomaterials. In this context, Cu2O was used as the sacrificial agent to form the core-shell structure of Cu2O@HKUST-1...

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Preparation of polyacrylamide microspheres with core–shell structure via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra22615a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (94) ◽

pp. 91463-91467 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peng Zhang ◽

Shixun Bai ◽

Shilan Chen ◽

Dandan Li ◽

Zhenfu Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽

Radical Polymerization ◽

Shell Structure ◽

Core Shell ◽

Atom Transfer ◽

The Core ◽

Core Shell Structure

Well defined core–shell microspheres were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization with pre-crosslinked polyacrylamide as the core and non-crosslinked polyacrylamide as the shell.

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MnO2-Coated Porous Pt@CeO2 Core-Shell Nanostructures for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Tri-modal Cancer Therapy

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d1nr03246a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qing Xu ◽

Danyang Li ◽

Haijun Zhou ◽

Biaoqi Chen ◽

Junlei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Therapy ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Photoacoustic Imaging ◽

Core Shell ◽

Photothermal Conversion ◽

The Core ◽

Shell Nanostructures

We describe the synthesis of MnO2-coated porous Pt@CeO2 core–shell nanostructures (Pt@CeO2@MnO2) as a new theranostic nano-platform. The porous Pt cores endow the core–shell nanostructures with high photothermal conversion efficiency (80%)...

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Applications of magnetic and multiferroic core/shell nanostructures and their physical properties

DYNA ◽

10.15446/dyna.v85n207.69203 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (207) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Claudia Milena Bedoya-Hincapié ◽

Elisabeth Restrepo-Parra ◽

Luis Demetrio López-Carreño

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Magnetic Behavior ◽

Core Shell ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Shell Nanostructures ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Core Shell Structure ◽

Significant Attention ◽

Stimulation Of

The potential of nanotechnology in the biomedical field has been crucial for contributing to the possibility of efficiently meeting present necessities with novel materials. Over the last few decades, nanostructures with a core/shell structure have attracted significant attention because of the possibility of changing their physical properties by varying their chemistry and geometry. These structures have become relevant in targeted therapy (drug delivery and treatments to complement chemotherapy and radiotherapy), imaging and in the stimulation of cellular functions. Thus in this paper the current development of core/shell nanostructures is reviewed, emphasizing the physical properties of those that have been proposed as potentially having biomedical applications, which are based in a magnetic behavior or in a mixture of magnetic and electric (multiferroic) phenomena.

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