Identification of anti-inflammatory components of raw and steamed Panax notoginseng root by analyses of spectrum-effect relationship

Farfarae Flos (FF) is the dried flower bud of Tussilago farfara L, which has antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, little research on the main active composition of FF has been reported. The purpose of this study is to find the main active compounds responsible for the three pharmacological effects (i.e., antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects) of Farfarae Flos, based on the spectrum–effect relationship combined with chemometrics. First, this study uses the UPLC-QDA method to establish the chromatography fingerprint of Farfarae Flos, which is combined with chemometrics to analyze 18 batches of samples. Then, we study the antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects of Farfarae Flos. Finally, the spectrum–effect relationship between the fingerprint and the three pharmacological effects are studied by grey correlation analysis and partial least squares regression. The results show that four, four, and three main active constituents were found for the antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological effects, respectively. In conclusion, we found the main active compounds corresponding to the main pharmacodynamic effects of Farfarae Flos. To our knowledge, this is the first time that spectrum–effect relationships in FF have been established using both raw and processed samples, which provides an experimental basis for further studies on the pharmacodynamic material basis of Farfarae Flos, as well as providing reference for the comprehensive evaluation of Farfarae Flos quality and the development of substitute resources.

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Spectrum–effect relationship of antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activities of Laportea bulbifera based on multivariate statistical analysis

Biomedical Chromatography ◽

10.1002/bmc.4734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yinrui Chen ◽

Shuhan Zou ◽

Wenfen Xu ◽

Qingwen Sun ◽

Li Yun

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Effect Relationship ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Spectrum Effect

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Spectrum–effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints and anti-inflammatory activities of Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv.

Journal of Chromatography B ◽

10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1104 ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yue Zhao ◽

Xian-Min You ◽

Hong Jiang ◽

Gui-Xin Zou ◽

Bing Wang

Keyword(s):

High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Liquid Chromatography ◽

High Performance ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Spectrum Effect

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Protective effects of Panax notoginseng saponins in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis occur through regulation of inflammatory pathway signaling by upregulation of miR-181b

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/2058738418818630 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 205873841881863

Author(s):

Ming-wei Liu ◽

Yun-qiao Huang ◽

Ya-ping Qu ◽

Dong-mei Wang ◽

Deng-yun Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Rat Model ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Sodium Taurocholate ◽

Panax Notoginseng ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Panax Notoginseng Saponins ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Panax notoginseng saponins are extracted from Chinese ginseng— Panax notoginseng Ledeb—and are known to have therapeutic anti-inflammatory effects. However, the precise mechanism behind their anti-inflammatory effects remains relatively unknown. To better understand how Panax notoginseng saponins exert their therapeutic benefit, we tested them in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Rats received a tail vein injection of Panax notoginseng saponins and were administered 5% sodium taurocholate 2 h later. Pancreatic tissue was then harvested and levels of miR-181b, FSTL1, TREM1, TLR4, TRAF6, IRAK1, p-Akt, p-p38MAPK, NF-κBp65, and p-IκB-α were determined using Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), TREM1, interleukin (IL)-6, ACAM-1, IL-8, and IL-12 and DNA-bound levels of NF-KB65 and TLR4 in pancreatic and ileum tissue. Serum levels of lipase and amylase, pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and pancreatic water content were also measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for all histological analyses. Results indicated upregulation of miR-181b, but negligible levels of FSTL1, p-p38MAPK, TLR4, TRAF6, p-Akt, IRAK1, TREM1, p-NF-κBp65, and p-IκB-α, as well as negligible DNA-bound levels of NF-KB65 and TLR4. We also observed lower levels of IL-8, IL-6, ACAM-1, TNF-α, MPO, and IL-12 in the Panax notoginseng saponin–treated group when compared with controls. In addition, Panax notoginseng saponin–treated rats had significantly reduced serum levels of lipase and amylase. Histological analyses confirmed that Panax notoginseng saponin treatment significantly reduced taurocholate-induced pancreatic inflammation. Collectively, our results suggest that Panax notoginseng saponin treatment attenuated acute pancreatitis and pancreatic inflammation by increasing miR-181b signaling. These findings suggest that Panax notoginseng saponins have therapeutic potential in the treatment of taurocholate-induced SAP.

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The RIG-I Signal Pathway Mediated Panax notoginseng Saponin Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Ischemia Stroke

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/8878428 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Chujun Zhang ◽

Sai Zhang ◽

Lanxiang Wang ◽

Soyeon Kang ◽

Jiabao Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Chinese Herb ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Panax Notoginseng ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the main bioactive constituents of a traditional Chinese herb Panax notoginseng, were commonly used for ischemic stroke in China. However, the associated cellular and molecular mechanisms of PNS have not been well examined. This study aimed to decipher the underlying molecular target of PNS in the treatment of cerebral ischemia. The oxygen-glucose-deprived (OGD) model of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) was used in this study. The alteration of gene expression in rat BMECs after PNS treatment was measured by microarray and indicated that there were 38 signaling pathways regulated by PNS. Among them, RIG-I receptor and related signaling molecules TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (Traf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were significantly suppressed by PNS, which was verified again in OGD-induced BMECs measured by FQ-PCR and western blotting and in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats measured by immunohistochemistry. The levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and the downstream cytokines regulated by RIG-I receptor pathway were also decreased by PNS. Meanwhile, the neurological evaluation, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and Evans blue staining were conducted to evaluate the effect of PNS in MCAO rats. Results showed PNS significantly improved functional outcome and cerebral vascular leakage. Flow cytometry showed the number of the inflammatory cells infiltrated in brain tissue was decreased in PNS treatment. Our results identified that RIG-I signaling pathway mediated anti-inflammatory properties of PNS in cerebral ischemia, which provided the novel insights of PNS application in clinics.

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Multivariate Statistical Analysis Uncovers Spectrum–Effect Relationship between HPLC Fingerprints and Antioxidant Activity of Saffron

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2021/7352938 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Ya You ◽

Zijin Xu ◽

Qingrou Zhong ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Susu Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Quality Control ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Control Method ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Effect Relationship ◽

Spectrum Effect

Crocus sativus L. is commonly used as functional food and medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, the spectrum–effect relationship was established between HPLC fingerprints and in vitro antioxidant activity of saffron to improve the quality evaluation method of saffron. The fingerprints of 21 batches of saffron collected from different regions were assessed, and the data were further analyzed by chemometric methods, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The spectrum–effect relationship between fingerprints and antioxidant effect of saffron was analyzed by grey relational analysis and partial least square methods to figure out the antioxidant component of saffron. Thirteen common peaks of 21 batches of saffron were included in the analysis, and peak 3 (picrocrocin), peak 7 (crocin I), and peak 10 (crocin II) were identified as the main active components responsible for antioxidant efficacy. Besides, a multi-index quality control method was developed for simultaneous determination of these three antioxidant components in saffron. Taken together, this study provided new strategies for the quality control and the development of new bioactive products of saffron in the future.

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