Amphiphilic polymer therapeutics: an alternative platform in the fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria

Radical-doped coordination compounds—generated as a result of lone pair–π interactions and having a long-lived charge-separated state—display photochromism and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, even against multi-drug-resistant bacteria.

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Exogenous Citrulline and Glutamine Contribute to Reverse the Resistance of Salmonella to Apramycin

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.759170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Yong ◽

Yanhong Zhou ◽

Kexin Liu ◽

Guochang Liu ◽

Liqin Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Animal Health ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern for human and animal health worldwide. Recently, the concept of reverting bacterial resistance by changing the metabolic state of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has emerged. In this study, we investigated the reversal of Apramycin resistance in Salmonella. First, non-targeted metabonomics were used to identify key differential metabolites of drug-resistant bacteria. Then, the reversal effect of exogenous substances was verified in vivo and in vitro. Finally, the underlying mechanism was studied. The results showed that the metabolites citrulline and glutamine were significantly reduced in Apramycin-resistant Salmonella. When citrulline and glutamine were added to the culture medium of drug-resistant Salmonella, the killing effect of Apramycin was restored markedly. Mechanistic studies showed that citrulline and glutamine promoted the Tricarboxylic acid cycle, produced more NADH in the bacteria, and increased the proton-motive force, thus promoting Apramycin entry into the bacterial cells, and killing the drug-resistant bacteria. This study provides a useful method to manage infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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A Degradation Product from Hydrolysate of Imipenem with Imis Broad-Spectrum Inhibits Metallo-β-Lactamases

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5812/jjm.108141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Ying Ge ◽

Li-Wei Xu ◽

Jian-Bin Zhen ◽

Cheng Chen ◽

Miao Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broad Spectrum ◽

Degradation Product ◽

Substrate Inhibition ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Leaving Group ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Background: Infections caused by metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs)-producing antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a severe threat to public health. The synergistic use of current antibiotics in combination with MβL inhibitors is a promising therapeutic mode against these antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Objectives: The study aimed to probe the inhibition of MβLs and obtain the active component, P1, in the degradation product after imipenem was hydrolyzed by ImiS. Methods: The hydrolysis of two carbapenems with MβL ImiS was monitored by UV-Vis in real-time, and the degradation product from the leaving group produced after imipenem was hydrolyzed (but not for faropenem) was purified by HPLC to give one component, P1. Results: Kinetic assays revealed that P1 exhibited a broad-spectrum inhibition against VIM-2, NDM-1, ImiS, and L1, from three sub-classes of MβLs, with IC50 values of 8 - 32, 13.8 - 29.3, and 14.2 - 19.2 µM, using imipenem, cefazolin, and nitrocefin as substrates, respectively. Also, P1 showed synergistic antibacterial efficacy against drug-resistant Escherichia coli producing VIM-2, NDM-1, ImiS, and L1, in combination with antibiotics, restoring 16 to 32-fold and 32 to 128-fold efficacies of imipenem and cefazolin, respectively. Spectroscopic and Ellman's reagent analyses suggested that P1, a mercaptoethyl-form imidamide, is a mechanism-based inhibitor, while faropenem has no substrate inhibition, due to the lack of a leaving group. Conclusions: This work reveals that the hydrolysate of imipenem, a carbapenem with a good leaving group, can be used in screening for broad-spectrum inhibitors of MβLs.

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Nanoparticles Functionalized with Ampicillin Destroy Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.06513-11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

pp. 2768-2774 ◽

Cited By ~ 187

Author(s):

Ashley N. Brown ◽

Kathryn Smith ◽

Tova A. Samuels ◽

Jiangrui Lu ◽

Sherine O. Obare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Multiple Drug Resistant

ABSTRACTWe show here that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. Both AuNP and AgNP functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most importantly, when AuNP and AgNP were functionalized with ampicillin they became potent bactericidal agents with unique properties that subverted antibiotic resistance mechanisms of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.

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Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with foods and drinks in Nigeria (2015-2020): A systematic review

Italian Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.4081/ijfs.2021.9417 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Iyanuoluwa Mola ◽

Adeola Onibokun ◽

Solomon Oranusi

Keyword(s):

Human Exposure ◽

Health Personnel ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Safety Concern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Data Synthesis ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Comprehensive Literature Search

Foods are essential vehicles in human exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria which serve as reservoirs for resistance genes and a rising food safety concern. Antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR), is an increasing problem globally and poses a serious concern to human health. This study was designed to synthesize data regarding the prevalence of MDR bacteria associated with foods and drinks sold within Nigeria in order to contribute to the existing findings in this area. A comprehensive literature search on the prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria associated with foods and drinks in Nigeria from 2015 to 2020 was conducted using three databases; PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. After screening and selection, 26 out of 82 articles were used for the qualitative data synthesis. Of the total of one thousand three hundred and twenty-six MDR bacteria reportedly isolated in all twenty-six articles, the highest prevalence (660) was observed in drinks, including water, while the lowest (20) was observed in the article which combined results for both protein and vegetable-based foods. Escherichia sp. had the most frequency of occurrence, appearing as MDR bacteria in ten out of the twenty-six articles. Salmonella sp. appeared as MDR in seven out of the twenty-six articles included in this study, in all seven articles where it was reported, it had the highest percentage (85.4%) prevalence as MDR bacteria. Public health personnel need to ensure critical control during the production and handling of foods and drinks, as well as create more awareness on proper hygienic practices to combat the spread of MDR bacteria.

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Tea: An anti-bacterial agent against drug resistant bacteria

10.53350/pjmhs2115102506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2506-2511

Author(s):

Nayyab Sultan ◽

Sabahat Javaid Butt ◽

Wajeeha Mehak ◽

Samreen Qureshi ◽

Syed Hamza Abbas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Bacterial Agent ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽

Scientific World

Antibiotics have played a crucial role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Past few decades are marked with advancement of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, which have endangered antibiotic’s therapeutic efficacy. Scientific world is now struggling with the crisis of MDR pathogens. This supreme matter demands careful attention or otherwise it would jeopardize clinical management of infectious diseases. Implication of alternative approaches can pave a new way in the treatment of these troublesome bacteria. Tea leaves are known to pose antibacterial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms. This review has summarized the antibacterial potential of tea leave’s extracts against resistant bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Acenitobacter spp, Campylobacter spp. Consumption of natural products such as tea may very well replace, minimize or obliterate this complicated situation. Keywords: Anti-bacterial, Tea, Camellia sinensis, Drug resistant bacteria, Antibiotic resistant bacteria, Synergism, Polyphenols.

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Lysophosphatidylcholine Potentiates Antibacterial Activity of Polymyxin B

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01337-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 64 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Jitender Yadav ◽

Sana Ismaeel ◽

Ayub Qadri

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Polymyxin B ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Membrane ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Drug Resistant Bacteria

ABSTRACT Polymyxin B, used to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, produces nephrotoxicity at its current dosage. We show that a combination of nonbactericidal concentration of this drug and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) potently inhibits growth of Salmonella and at least two other Gram-negative bacteria in vitro. This combination makes bacterial membrane porous and causes degradation of DnaK, the regulator of protein folding. Polymyxin B-LPC combination may be an effective and safer regimen against drug-resistant bacteria.

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Occurrence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Aquatic Environments in Central Minnesota

American Journal of Undergraduate Research ◽

10.33697/ajur.2015.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Megan Bollin ◽

Ellen Jensen ◽

David Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Density Values ◽

Resistance Coefficients

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility that antibiotic resistant bacteria could be isolated and identified in aquatic ecosystems in the lakes on the campus of Saint John’s University and the nearby Sauk and Watab Rivers. A total of 125 isolates were collected. Seventy-nine percent of the isolates were gram negative rods. Twenty-six isolates that were resistant to seven or more antibiotics were selected for further investigation. The 26 isolates were all gram negative and members of seven different genera with Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter being the most common. Resistance coefficients were calculated based on optical density values relative to cells grown without antibiotics. Multi-drug resistant, gram negative bacteria were shown to be common in aquatic environments in central Minnesota.

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1420. A One Health Approach Examining the Potential Linkage between Agricultural Livestock and Human Antibiotic Resistance at the Watershed Level

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1602 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S716-S717

Author(s):

Linsey M Donner ◽

Xu Li ◽

Daniel D Snow ◽

Jodi L Sangster ◽

Zachery R Staley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

One Health ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Gene ◽

Agricultural Watershed ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant

Abstract Background Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health threat and widespread use of antibiotics in agriculture is increasing the concern about agricultural contributions to the dissemination of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Of concern is the level of exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the watershed. Consequently, adopting a One Health approach to measure antibiotic levels and identify antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transfer at the human, animal and environmental interfaces is essential to better understand how antibiotic resistance is spread. Methods In this project, antibiotic levels were measured using passive organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) for 30-day periods from August – November 2018 from Elkhorn River and Shell Creek watersheds in Nebraska (Figure 1). In addition, whole genome sequences of bacterial isolates cultured from the watersheds were assessed to identify ARGs present on mobile genetic elements (MGE) that had >95% similarity to mobile ARG present in isolates recorded in the NCBI GenBank database was identified using ResFinder. Figure 1. Sampling locations within the two watersheds. Results The study demonstrated significant antibiotic levels present throughout the watershed, with five of them associated with human usage (Table 1). In addition, seasonally based drug-resistant bacterial species was associated with specific antibiotic levels in the watershed (Figure 2). Mobile ARGs were detected in 87.5% of isolates collected from the Elkhorn River and 80.0% within Shell Creek (Figure 3). Table 1. Pharmaceutical levels in the watershed Figure 2. Antibiotic levels and drug-resistant bacteria in the watershed Figure 3. Antibiotic resistance observed from each isolate at every sampling date and site. A colored bar denotes that resistance to that antibiotic was observed. Conclusion These results present evidence of transfer of highly mobile ARGs between environment, clinical, and animal-associated bacteria and highlight the need for a One Health perspective in assessing the spread of antibiotic resistance. The presence of significant levels of antibiotics persisting in this agricultural watershed points out the need for ongoing monitoring of compliance with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommendation of veterinarian oversight of the use of antibiotics in the use of veterinary feed directive applications. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Discovery of Antibacterial Dietary Spices That Target Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7060157 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 157 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dan Zhang ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Arakkaveettil Kabeer Farha ◽

Gowoon Kim ◽

Qiong-Qiong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Dietary Spices

Although spice extracts are well known to exhibit antibacterial properties, there is lack of a comprehensive evaluation of the antibacterial effect of spices against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In the present study, ethanolic extracts from a total of 67 spices were comprehensively investigated for their in vitro antibacterial activities by agar well diffusion against two common food-borne bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis, with multi-drug resistance. Results showed that S. aureus was generally more sensitive to spice extracts than S. enteritidis. Of the 67 spice extracts, 38 exhibited antibacterial activity against drug-resistant S. aureus, while only four samples were effective on drug-resistant S. enteritidis. In addition, 11 spice extracts with inhibition zones greater than 15 mm were further verified for their broad-spectrum antibacterial properties using another 10 drug-resistant S. aureus strains. It was found that five spice extracts, including galangal, fructus galangae, cinnamon, yellow mustard seed, and rosemary, exhibited the highest antibacterial capacity. Further cytotoxicity of these 11 spices was determined and LC50 values were found to be more than 100 μg/mL except for galangal, rosemary, and sage, whose LC50 values were 9.32 ± 0.83, 19.77 ± 2.17, and 50.54 ± 2.57, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activities (ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values) and total phenolic content (TPC) of spice extracts were determined to establish possible correlations with the antibacterial activity. Although the antibacterial effect was positively correlated with the antioxidant activities and TPC, the correlation was weak (r < 0.5), indicating that the antibacterial activity could also be attributed to other components besides antioxidant polyphenols in the tested spice extracts. In conclusion, dietary spices are good natural sources of antibacterial agents to fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, with potential applications as natural food preservatives and natural alternatives to antibiotics in animal feeding.

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