Geochemical and isotope analysis of produced water from the Utica/Point Pleasant Shale, Appalachian Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1224-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Tasker ◽  
N. R. Warner ◽  
W. D. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Appalachian Basin ◽  
Isotopic Ratios

Elemental and isotopic ratios can be used to identify environmental contamination form the increasing development of the Utica/Point Pleasant Shale.

scholarly journals Provenance analysis of human cremations by 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios: migration into an Iron Age mining region in North-Rhine Westphalia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney V. Sebald ◽  
Manuel Zeiler ◽  
Gisela Grupe
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Provenance Analysis ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Non Local

The Siegerland (North-Rhine Westphalia, FRG) is famous for its early mining industry and ore exploitation. The archaeological context of cremated burials as well as grave goods indicate parallels to today's Wetterau (Hesse), suggesting migration into the Siegerland. After morphological examination of the cremations augmented by a histological age-at-death determination, provenance analysis by use of stable strontium isotope analysis was carried out. 60 individuals from the burial mound at Netphen-Deuz in the Siegerland were available for anthropological examination. The 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratio was measured in 29 dentine and 15 bone samples. At least 19 individuals exhibited a non-local isotopic signal which was compatible with a provenance from the Wetterau region. Since 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios in the bioapatite are thermally stable, provenance analysis of cremated finds is thus possible, whereby a testable archaeological hypothesis is prerequisite. Histological examination of cremated bones proved indispensable for the age-at-death estimation.

scholarly journals Trophic Relations of the Red-Necked Grebe on Lakes in the Western Boreal Forest: A Stable-Isotope Analysis

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia A. Paszkowski ◽  
Beverly A. Gingras ◽  
Kayedon Wilcox ◽  
Paul H. Klatt ◽  
William M. Tonn
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Trophic Relations ◽  
Podiceps Grisegena

Abstract We compared trophic ecology of grebes inferred from stable-isotope analysis to that from gut contents, and compared isotopic ratios of Red-necked Grebes (Podiceps grisegena) from lakes differing in their food webs. Analyses of different grebe tissues (egg yolk and albumen, pectoral and leg muscle, breast and primary feathers) also allowed us to assess the effectiveness of these tissues at representing grebe trophic relations. Isotopic ratios from pectoral and leg muscles were similar, based on comparisons within individual birds. Enriched values of δ15N and δ13C suggested that breast and primary feathers were molted over winter, and therefore reflected a marine food web. Albumen and yolk of grebe eggs and muscle tissues from downy chicks, however, matched isotopic characteristics of the local food web, indicating that female Red-necked Grebes use nutrients from the breeding lake for egg formation. Eggs, therefore, can provide excellent material for isotopic analysis aimed at assessing trophic relations of Red-necked Grebes on breeding lakes. Gut contents and stable isotopes both indicated that grebes from lakes with fish consumed a mixed diet of fish and macroinvertebrates and occupied the highest trophic level, at or above the level of piscivorous fishes. In contrast, grebes from lakes lacking fish occupied a lower trophic position. Relaciones Tróficas de Podiceps grisegena en Lagos del Bosque Boreal del Oeste: Un Análisis de Isótopos Estables Resumen. Comparamos la ecología trófica de Podiceps inferida a partir de análisis de isótopos estables con la de contenidos estomacales y comparamos las relaciones isotópicas de P. grisegena entre lagos que difieren en sus redes tróficas. Los análisis de diferentes tejidos de P. grisegena (yema y albumen del huevo, músculo pectoral y de la pierna, plumas del pecho y primarias) también nos permitieron evaluar la efectividad de estos tejidos para representar las relaciones tróficas de P. grisegena. Las relaciones isotópicas de los músculos pectorales y de las piernas basadas en comparaciones realizadas para cada ave individual fueron similares. Valores enriquecidos de δ15N y δ13C sugirieron que las aves mudaron las plumas del pecho y las primarias durante el invierno, y por lo tanto reflejaron una red trófica marina. El albumen y la yema del huevo de P. grisegena y los tejidos musculares de pichones emplumados, sin embargo, coincidieron con las características isotópicas de la red alimenticia local, indicando que las hembras de P. grisegena usan nutrientes del lago donde nidifican para la formación de los huevos. Los huevos, por lo tanto, pueden constituir un material excelente para análisis isotópicos centrados en evaluar las relaciones tróficas de P. grisegena en los lagos donde se reproducen. Los contenidos estomacales y los isótopos estables indicaron que los individuos de P. grisegena provenientes de lagos con peces consumieron una dieta mixta de peces y macroinvertebrados y ocuparon la posición trófica más alta, al mismo nivel o por arriba de los peces piscívoros. En contraste, los individuos provenientes de lagos sin peces ocuparon una posición trófica menor.

Elimination of the boron memory effect for rapid and accurate boron isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS using NaF

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1026-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Yong He ◽  
Li Deng ◽  
Hai Lu ◽  
Zhang-Dong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Memory Effect ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Boron Isotope ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Icp Ms

Boron isotope is a useful tracer for fluid–rock interactions and subduction processes, as well as a proxy for paleo-ocean pH. However, the strong B memory effect presents a great challenge in precisely measuring B isotopic ratios and accurately using MC-ICP-MS.

scholarly journals Review of the Hydrogeological Controls on Coalbed Methane (CBM) and Development Trends

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Dangliang Wang ◽  
Wenjie Cao ◽  
Guofu Li ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Fracture Development

Hydrogeological conditions can control the generation, preservation, enrichment, and production of coalbed methane (CBM) in the field; however, research on these impacts is insufficient, resulting in the limitation of the development of coalbed methane. This paper summarizes the current research status and development trends of the effect of hydrogeology on CBM using methods such as mathematical statistics, literature analysis, well logging, and hydrochemical analysis. The results indicate that it is beneficial for the generation of secondary biogenic gases in low-rank coal seams under the situations like active hydrodynamic conditions with a salinity less than 1000 mg/L, a pH range from 5.9 to 8.8, or a range of oxidation-reduction potential from -540 mV to -590 mV. The abnormally high temperature due to the magmatic-hydrothermal fluids accelerates the metamorphism of coal rocks, leading to the promotion of the generation of thermogenic gases. When the coalbed structural conditions of one area are similar to the depositional conditions in that area, the CBM is accumulated if the conditions of that area meet the following criteria: the water type is NaHCO3, the salinity is greater than 1500 mg/L, the desulfurization coefficient is less than 1, and the sodium-chloride coefficient is less than 10. The stable isotope analysis of CBM well-produced water shows that the δD values in the groundwater shift to the left of the global meteoric water line, indicating that the produced water comes from atmospheric precipitation. In the CBM enrichment zone, the area with a relatively high salinity and a low sodium-chloride coefficient is the high-production area. Based on our study, three high CBM-production patterns are summarized: coalbed structure-hydraulic trapping, fold limb-fracture development, and syncline core-water stagnation. Additionally, four development trends of the control of hydrogeology on CBM are proposed: transformation from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation, from a singular evaluation standard to multiple evaluation standards, from static evaluation to dynamic evaluation, and from pure theoretical research to theoretical guidance on production practices.

In situ measurement of Os isotopic ratios in sulfides calibrated against ultra-fine particle standards using LA-MC-ICP-MS

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lüyun Zhu ◽  
Yongsheng Liu ◽  
Tingting Ma ◽  
Jie Lin ◽  
Zhaochu Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
In Situ Measurement ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Ultra Fine Particle ◽  
Os Isotope

The spiked in-house standards provide a new approach for in situ Os isotope analysis of sulfides.

scholarly journals The Isotopic Signature of Lead Emanations during the Fire at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5420
Author(s):  
Philippe Glorennec ◽  
Aurélia Azema ◽  
Séverine Durand ◽  
Sophie Ayrault ◽  
Barbara Le Bot
Keyword(s):  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Icp Ms

When Notre Dame de Paris cathedral caught fire on 15 April 2019, lead particles were deposited in its surroundings. Our objective was to determine whether the lead plume had a homogeneous isotopic signature (i.e., a set of homogenous isotopic ratios), and whether, if so, this was different from common sources. In January 2020, dust samples were collected from six areas inside the cathedral, downwind of the fire, as well as from eight roof debris fragments. These samples were mineralized and analyzed using ICP-MS. Their isotopic ratios (207Pb/206Pb and 206Pb/204Pb) were determined and then compared both to each other and to previous published ratios measured in home dusts and blood samples collected in France. The isotopic ratios of dust samples collected inside the cathedral were compatible with each other and with the roof fragments. These isotopic ratios are common and differ neither from those of many other dusts collected in France during the period 2008–2009, nor from those of blood samples collected from children in France during the same period. Moreover, the fire’s isotopic signature is close to the overall signature for Paris. Indeed, it would be difficult to attribute the fire at the cathedral to either lead poisoning or environmental contamination.

Morphologically similar, coexisting hard corals (Porites lobata and P. solida) display similar trophic isotopic ratios across reefs and depths

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah G. Plass-Johnson ◽  
Christopher D. McQuaid ◽  
Jaclyn M. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Coral Host ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Species Specific

Recent studies using stable isotope analysis in scleractinian corals have highlighted strong inter- and intra-specific variability in isotopic ratios, but few have excluded the effects of morphology, which affects resource acquisition, potentially confounding this with metabolic differences among species. Differences in the stable isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) ratios of the coral host tissue and photosymbionts of two co-existing, morphologically similar Porites corals (P. lobata and P. solida) were examined across nested spatial scales (inter-reefs and intra-reef) and across depths in Zanzibar, Tanzania. There were few differences between species in either coral host or photosymbiont isotopic ratios, but the two tissues showed different spatial patterns. Photosymbionts showed variation only in their δ13C ratios, which differed among reefs, but not by depth. In contrast, the coral hosts differed in δ13C and δ15N values among reefs and also by depth. Within-reef differences among sites occurred only for photosymbionts at one reef. The absence of differences in isotopic ratios between the two Porites species across reefs and depths, confirms that highly related and morphologically similar scleractinian corals may occupy similar ecosystem niches, metabolising resources in a similar fashion. This suggests that resource partitioning among corals, and subsequent isotopic variability, is most likely driven by resource acquisition, rather than being inherently species-specific.

scholarly journals Detection of exogenous sugars in pineapple juice using compound-specific stable hydrogen isotope analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D. Kelly ◽  
Aiman Abrahim ◽  
Peter Rinke ◽  
Andrew Cannavan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
C4 Plant ◽  
Pineapple Juice ◽  
Exchangeable Hydrogen ◽  
Isotopic Methods ◽  
Stable Hydrogen Isotope

AbstractAn improved procedure for determining 2H/1H isotope ratios, using gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry, has been used to detect the addition of exogenous C4-plant-derived sugars to pineapple juice. Isotopic techniques are commonly used to identify the addition of low-cost sugars to fruit juices and are difficult to subvert as it is not economically viable to change the isotopic ratios of the sugars. However, the addition of cane sugar to pineapple juice has presented a significant challenge that is only detected by site-specific 13C analysis of the methyl and methylene positions of ethanol derived from pineapple sugars, measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. This new GC-IRMS-based procedure utilises the trifluoroacetate derivative of sucrose to allow direct measurement of the carbon-bound non-exchangeable hydrogen. This provides advantages over alternative isotopic methods in terms of analysis time and sensitivity. This feasibility study has demonstrated the potential to reliably differentiate between authentic pineapple juices and those adulterated with commercial beet and cane sucrose.

Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes in the Appalachian Basin: Washington, D.C., July 20–24, 1989

10.1029/ft354 ◽  
1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dennison ◽  
Edwin J. Anderson ◽  
Jack D. Beuthin ◽  
Edward Cotter ◽  
Richard J. Diecchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Appalachian Basin ◽  
Sea Level Changes
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