Vanadium: environmental hazard or environmental opportunity? A perspective on some key research needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-534
Author(s):  
David J. White ◽  
Leonard S. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Hazard ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Beneficial Uses ◽  
Harmful Effects

Limited information on the speciation of vanadium in the environment and anthropogenic emissions, coupled with toxicology heavily focused on V2O5 needs to be addressed to balance environmentally beneficial uses against potential harmful effects.

scholarly journals Health Implications of Electromagnetic Fields, Mechanisms of Action, and Research Needs

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarika Singh ◽  
Neeru Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiations

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been implicated to influence a range of bodily functions. Given their ubiquitous nature, widespread applications, and capability to produce deleterious effects, conclusive investigations of the health risks are critical. Accordingly, this paper has been constructed to weigh the bioeffects, possible biointeraction mechanisms, and research areas in bioelectromagnetics seeking immediate attention. The several gaps in the existing knowledge do not permit one to reach a concrete conclusion but possibility for harmful effects cannot be underestimated in absence of consistent findings and causal mechanisms. Several studies with appropriate methodologies reflect the capacity of electromagnetic radiations to cause adverse health effects and there are several credible mechanisms that can account for the observed effects. Hence, need of the hour is to activate comprehensive well-coordinated blind scientific investigations, overcoming all limitations and demerits of previous investigations especially replication studies to concretize the earlier findings. Furthermore, appropriate exposure assessment is crucial for identification of dose-response relation if any, and the elucidation of biological interaction mechanism. For the time being, the public should follow the precautionary principle and limit their exposure as much as possible.

scholarly journals Review on Cyanobacterial Studies in Portugal: Current Impacts and Research Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4355
Author(s):  
Cristiana Moreira ◽  
Alexandre Campos ◽  
José Carlos Martins ◽  
Vitor Vasconcelos ◽  
Agostinho Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Research Impacts

Cyanobacteria have long been associated with harmful effects on humans, animals and aquatic biota. Cyanotoxins are their most toxic metabolite. This review summarizes the current research, impacts and future needs in cyanobacterial studies undertaken in Portugal, the southernmost country of Europe, and with a recent multiplication of cyanotoxicity due to climate change events. Microcystins are still the most prevalent, studied and the only regulated cyanotoxins in Portuguese freshwater systems much like most European countries. With the development of some tools, particularly in molecular studies, the recent discovery of cylindrospermopsins, anatoxins and saxitoxins, both genes and toxins, in North and Center ecosystems of our country highlight current impacts that overall communities are facing with increased risks of exposure and uptake to cyanotoxins. Research needs encompass the expansion of studies at all aspects due to the uprising of these cyanotoxins and reinforces the urgent need of increasing the frequency of surveillance to achieve tangible effects of cyanotoxins in Portugal to ultimately implement regulations on cylindrospermopsins, anatoxins and saxitoxins worldwide.

scholarly journals Artikel PEMETAAN DAERAH PENANGKAPAN IKAN PERAIRAN MANGANITU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN GPSMAP 580/585 MILIK POLNUSTAR 05

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Stevani Daud ◽  
Joneidi Tamarol ◽  
Ishak Bawias
Keyword(s):  
Global Position System ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Position System ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Operating Data ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Fishing Area

Perairan Manganitu di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe merupakan daerah yang banyak terdapat alat pengumpul ikan. Alat pengumpul ikan jenis ini dikenal oleh masyarakat dengan nama bui dengan fungsi yang sama dengan rumpon atau ponton Keberadaan bui tersebut sangat penting untuk diketahui. Selain itu pemetaan bui dengan menggunakan Global Positioning System (GPS) di daerah tersebut sangat minim informasinya. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi kepada nelayan-nelayan. Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini yaitu memetakan daerah penangkapan ikan berdasarkan GPS (Global Position System) di Perairan Manganitu sedangkan tujuannya untuk memetakan daerah penangkapan ikan berdasarkan data pemetaan GPS Map580/585, untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut maka digunakan metode observasi dan partisipasi aktif. Hasil pemetaan berdasarkan data pengoperasian GPS, didapatkan hasil sebanyak 22 posisi geografis bui beserta kedalamnnya. Penelitian lanjutan perlu dilakukan untuk mendata semua bui yang ada di perairan Manganitu, karena belum semua bui terdata posisi geografisnya. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan sosialisasi kepada pemilik bui, berupa penyampaian informasi tentang aturan penempatan bui yang harus mengikuti peraturan berlaku, dimana jarak antar bui harus lebih dari 10 mil laut.   The waters of Manganitu in Sangihe Islands Regency are an area with many fishing buoy. The existence of this buoy is very important to know. In addition, buoy mapping using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the area has very limited information. The results of this study are expected to provide information to fishermen. The formulation of the problem of this research is mapping the fishing area based on the GPS (Global Position System) in Manganitu waters while the aim is to map the fishing area based on the GPS Map580/585 mapping data, to achieve this goal the observation and active participation methods are used. Mapping results based on GPS operating data, obtained 22 geographic positions of the prison and their depths. Further research needs to be carried out to record all fihing buoy in Manganitu waters, because not all buoy have recorded their geographic position. In addition, it is necessary to conduct outreach to buoy owners, in the form of submitting information about the rules for placing buoy that must comply with applicable regulations, where the distance between prisoners must be more than 10 nautical miles.

Climate Changes and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources: Challenges for Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Svetlana Roljević Nikolić ◽  
Predrag Vuković ◽  
Radojica Sarić
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Main Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Harmful Effects

During the last few decades, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased. Estimates are showing that the agriculture, forestry and other land use emits less than a quarter of the total anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases globally and in this way endangers resources. Observing from the point of the European Union, agriculture emits 436.7 million tons of CO2 equivalents, corresponding to 9.8% of total greenhouse gas emissions. On the other hand, agricultural production is accompanied by the creation of residues, whose amount often exceeds the weight of the main product, which can be used as a source of renewable energy. About 25% of the harvest residues can be used for energy purposes, without compromising the population food safety, nor adversely affecting the fertility of the land. The aim of this article is to point out on the consequences of the harmful effects of modern agriculture on the environment, but also on the fact that agriculture can offer solutions to the challenges of climate change.

Effect of a novel compound as dietary supplement on growth of decapod crustaceans

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (80) ◽  
pp. 65546-65553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajal Shrivastava ◽  
S. Adline Princy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Environmental Hazard ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Harmful Effects

The concern over water quality, environmental hazard, human health and food safety has led us to develop a novel alternative growth enhancer, CGE-1 which significantly improve the growth of decapod crustaceans without any harmful effects.

scholarly journals Lessons learned and questions raised during and post-COVID-19 anthropopause period in relation to the environment and climate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos S. Zerefos ◽  
Stavros Solomos ◽  
John Kapsomenakis ◽  
Anastasia Poupkou ◽  
Lida Dimitriadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
To Come ◽  
Pollution Concentrations

AbstractIn the first part, this work reports that during the global “anthropopause” period, that was imposed in March and April 2020 for limiting the spread of COVID-19, the concentrations of basic air pollutants over Europe were reduced by up to 70%. During May and June, the gradual lift of the stringent measures resulted in the recovery of these reductions with pollution concentrations approaching the levels before the lockdown by the end of June 2020. In the second part, this work examines the alleged correlations between the reported cases of COVID-19 and temperature, humidity and particulate matter for March and April 2020 in Europe. It was found that decreasing temperatures and relative humidity with increasing concentrations of particulate matter are correlated with an increase in the number of reported cases during these 2 months. However, when these calculations were repeated for May and June, we found a remarkable drop in the significance of the correlations which leads us to question the generally accepted inverse relation between pandemics and air temperature at least during the warmer months. Such a relationship could not be supported in our study for SARS-CoV-2 virus and the question remains open. In the third and last part of this work, we examine the question referring to the origin of pandemics. In this context we have examined the hypothesis that the observed climate warming in Siberia and the Arctic and the thawing of permafrost could result to the release of trapped in the permafrost pathogens in the atmosphere. We find that although such relations cannot be directly justified, they present a possible horrifying mechanism for the origin of viruses in the future during the developing global warming of our planet in the decades to come. Overall the findings of our study indicate that: (1) the reduction of anthropogenic emissions in Europe during the “anthropopause” period of March and April 2020 was significant, but when the lockdown measures were raised the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants quickly recovered to pre-pandemic levels and therefore any possible climatic feedbacks were negligible; (2) no robust relationship between atmospheric parameters and the spread of COVID-19 cases can be justified in the warmer part of the year and (3) more research needs to be done regarding the possible links between climate change and the release of new pathogens from thawing of permafrost areas.

Ultrastructural Changes in Tumor Cells During Human Peripheral Blood Monocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
K. E. Muse ◽  
D. G. Fischer ◽  
H. S. Koren
Keyword(s):  
Target Cell ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Tumoricidal Activity ◽  
Activated State

Mononuclear phagocytes, a pluripotential cell line, manifest an array of basic extracellular functions. Among these physiological regulatory functions is the expression of spontaneous cytolytic potential against tumor cell targets.The limited observations on human cells, almost exclusively blood monocytes, initially reported limited or a lack of tumoricidal activity in the absence of antibody. More recently, freshly obtained monocytes have been reported to spontaneously impair the biability of tumor target cells in vitro (Harowitz et al., 1979; Montavani et al., 1979; Hammerstrom, 1979). Although the mechanism by which effector cells express cytotoxicity is poorly understood, discrete steps can be distinguished in the process of cell mediated cytotoxicity: recognition and binding of effector to target cells,a lethal-hit stage, and subsequent lysis of the target cell. Other important parameters in monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity include, activated state of the monocyte, effector cell concentrations, and target cell suseptibility. However, limited information is available with regard to the ultrastructural changes accompanying monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.

SEM and TEM observations of sperm development in the testis of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Daryl A. Cornish ◽  
George L. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Sperm Development ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
The University

Oreochromis mossambicus is currently receiving much attention as a candidater species for aquaculture programs within Southern Africa. This has stimulated interest in its breeding cycle as well as the morphological characteristics of the gonads. Limited information is available on SEM and TEM observations of the male gonads. It is known that the testis of O. mossambicus is a paired, intra-abdominal structure of the lobular type, although further details of its characteristics are not known. Current investigations have shown that spermatids reach full maturity some two months after the female becomes gravid. Throughout the year, the testes contain spermatids at various stages of development although spermiogenesis appears to be maximal during November when spawning occurs. This paper describes the morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the testes and spermatids.Specimens of this fish were collected at Syferkuil Dam, 8 km north- west of the University of the North over a twelve month period, sacrificed and the testes excised.

Analysis of photographic emulsions for High-Voltage Electron Microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 452-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Kremer ◽  
Paul S. Furcinitti ◽  
Eileen O’Toole ◽  
J. Richard McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Range ◽  
Voltage Electron

Characteristics of electron microscope film emulsions, such as the speed, the modulation transfer function, and the exposure dependence of the noise power spectrum, have been studied for electron energies (80-100keV) used in conventional transmission microscopy. However, limited information is available for electron energies in the intermediate to high voltage range, 300-1000keV. Furthermore, emulsion characteristics, such as optical density versus exposure, for new or improved emulsions are usually only quoted by film manufacturers for 80keV electrons. The need for further film emulsion studies at higher voltages becomes apparent when searching for a film to record low dose images of radiation sensitive biological specimens in the frozen hydrated state. Here, we report the optical density, speed and relative resolution of a few of the more popular electron microscope films after exposure to 1MeV electrons.Three electron microscope films, Kodak S0-163, Kodak 4489, and Agfa Scientia 23D56 were tested with a JEOLJEM-1000 electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 1000keV.

Histochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Digestive Epithelium in a Gastropod Gametolytic Organ

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R. L. Reeder ◽  
S. H. Rogers ◽  
W. A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies

Numerous morphological studies have dealt with the spermatheca of pulmonate gastropods. This globular organ, which is attached to the female portion of the reproductive tract by a long duct in these monoecious animals, has had various functions ascribed to it. Recent histochemical demonstrations of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, protease, and acid phosphatase have provided, however, conclusive evidence that it is a digestive organ for the degradation of superfluous sperm and genital tract secretions. Only limited information concerning the spermatheca is available at the ultrastructural level, a fact providing the stimulus for the present study of this organ in Sonorella santaritana, a desert mountain snail from Arizona.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document