Polysaccharide MCP extracted from Morchella esculenta reduces atherosclerosis in LDLR-deficient mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Wang ◽  
Zequn Yin ◽  
Likun Ma ◽  
Lan Han ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Morchella Esculenta ◽  
Fungal Polysaccharides ◽  
Deficient Mice

The pharmaceutical application of fungal polysaccharides has been extensively studied based on their multiple biological activities. However, the effect of Morchella esculenta polysaccharides on the development of atherosclerosis remains unknown....

scholarly journals Effect of Orally Administered Glutathione-Montmorillonite Hybrid Systems on Tissue Distribution

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miri Baek ◽  
Soo-Jin Choi
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Systemic Level ◽  
Delivery Efficiency ◽  
Deficient Mice

An ubiquitous tripeptide, glutathione (GSH), is assigned a role in detoxification, activation of immune system, intermediary metabolism, transport, and protection of cells against free radicals or reactive oxygen species. However, instability of orally administered GSH in gastrointestinal (GI) tract leads to low absorption and low bioavailability in tissues. In this study, we attempted to synthesize GSH-montmorillonite (MMT) hybrid systems by intercalating GSH into the interlayers of a cationic clay delivery carrier, MMT, to improve GSH bioavailability at the systemic level. Polymer coating of the hybrid with polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA) was further performed to obtain better stability. Synthetic condition of both GSH-MMT and AEA-GSH-MMT hybrids was optimized, and then GSH-delivery efficiency was evaluated in various organs after oral administration in normal as well as GSH-deficient mice. The present GSH-MMT hybrids remarkably enhanced GSH concentration in the plasma, heart, kidney, and liver, especially when AEA-GSH-MMT hybrid was administered under GSH-deficient condition. Moreover, both hybrids did not induce acute oral toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg, suggesting their great potential for pharmaceutical application.

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Antitumor Effect of Polysaccharides from Fungus Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Ru Xiang ◽  
Bing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Fungal Polysaccharides ◽  
Cancer Côlon

Cancer is a serious threat to human health. Fungal polysaccharide is a polar biological macromolecule with low toxicity. It has a wide range of biological activities, including immune regulation, antitumor activity, and antiviral activity. In recent years, the research results have shown that polysaccharides from fungus in traditional Chinese medicine have excellent antitumor effect in liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, and lung cancer. Therefore, the research and development of fungal polysaccharides are of great significance for the development of antitumor drugs in the future.

scholarly journals An Overview of in vivo Functions of Chondroitin Sulfate and Dermatan Sulfate Revealed by Their Deficient Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Mizumoto ◽  
Shuhei Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Core Proteins ◽  
Deficient Mice

Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) are covalently attached to specific core proteins to form proteoglycans in their biosynthetic pathways. They are constructed through the stepwise addition of respective monosaccharides by various glycosyltransferases and maturated by epimerases as well as sulfotransferases. Structural diversities of CS/DS and HS are essential for their various biological activities including cell signaling, cell proliferation, tissue morphogenesis, and interactions with a variety of growth factors as well as cytokines. Studies using mice deficient in enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the CS/DS and HS chains of proteoglycans have demonstrated their essential functions. Chondroitin synthase 1-deficient mice are viable, but exhibit chondrodysplasia, progression of the bifurcation of digits, delayed endochondral ossification, and reduced bone density. DS-epimerase 1-deficient mice show thicker collagen fibrils in the dermis and hypodermis, and spina bifida. These observations suggest that CS/DS are essential for skeletal development as well as the assembly of collagen fibrils in the skin, and that their respective knockout mice can be utilized as models for human genetic disorders with mutations in chondroitin synthase 1 and DS-epimerase 1. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mice deficient in CS/DS biosyntheses.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial effect of a cyclic peptide Nostophycin isolated from wastewater cyanobacteria, Nostoc calcicola

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Vaishali Gupta ◽  
Deepak Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Fragmentation Pattern ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Nostoc Calcicola

Different types of peptides are produced by cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc, which are unique in structure and have a wide spectrum of biological activities. The objective of the study to explore different habitats of organism and study antimicrobial activities to improve their pharmaceutical application and drug like properties by structure modification. A cyclic peptide nostophycin was isolated from Nostoc calcicola (MK506349) through freeze dried lyophilization method. Its structure has been elucidated with FT-IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and LC-MS. Glycine, d-glutamine, l-phenylamine, d-isoleucine, l-proline and a novel amino acid Ahoa are constituents of nostophycin. 1HNMR, 13CNMR spectroscopy confirmed the number of protons and carbons, and characteristics peak determined the structure and fragmentation pattern through LCMS.  Nostophycin possess Ahoa instead of Adha which makes it different from microcystin. Nostophycin exhibits antimicrobial activity against E.coli, S. aureus, C. albicens and A. niger. A good antifungal activity (9-52 μg/mL) and moderate  antimicrobial activity (concentration 18-52 μg/mL) were found for nostophycin. In case of already known peptides, these molecules may be further exploited to improve pharmaceutical application and future drug development.

scholarly journals Immunoenhancement of Edible Fungal Polysaccharides (Lentinan, Tremellan, and Pachymaran) on Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mouse Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Renhuai Cong ◽  
Minghua Hu ◽  
Yanhong Zhu ◽  
Xiangliang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Immune Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Fungal Polysaccharides

Fungal polysaccharides display a variety of important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and immune-stimulating activities. The aim of present study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of fungal polysaccharides on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice. Mice were pretreated orally with lentinan, tremellan, pachymaran, or a mixture of the three, respectively. The results showed that pretreatments with polysaccharides significantly increased the thymus index in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mice. The level of the cytokine IL-10 in sera of cyclophosphamide-induced mice was decreased after pretreatments of polysaccharides. Flow cytometry results showed that pretreatments with polysaccharides enhanced the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice. The increased levels of serum antibody IgG and IgM were observed in the groups pretreated with polysaccharides. Our work demonstrated that the treatment of polysaccharides elicited strong immune activity and a protective effect against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Peritumoral administration of GPI-anchored TIMP-1 inhibits colon carcinoma growth in Rag-2 γ chain-deficient mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 390 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias C. Raggi ◽  
Roghieh Djafarzadeh ◽  
Niklas Muenchmeier ◽  
Monika Hofstetter ◽  
Birgit Jahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Carcinoma ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cell Surface Engineering ◽  
Gpi Anchor ◽  
Colon Carcinoma Cell Line ◽  
Gpi Control ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Exogenous application of recombinant TIMP-1 protein modified by addition of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor allows efficient insertion of the fusion protein into cell membranes. This ‘cell surface engineering’ leads to changes in the proteolytic environment. TIMP-1-GPI shows enhanced as well as novel in vitro biological activities including suppression of proliferation, reduced migration, and inhibition of invasion of the colon carcinoma cell line SW480. Treatment of SW480 tumors implanted in Rag (-/-) common γ chain (-/-) C57BL/6 mice with peritumorally applied TIMP-1-GPI, control rhTIMP-1 protein, or vehicle shows that TIMP-1-GPI leads to a significant reduction in tumor growth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Polish Wild Mushrooms as Beta-Glucan Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7299
Author(s):  
Iwona Mirończuk-Chodakowska ◽  
Anna Maria Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Congo Red ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wild Mushrooms ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Mushroom Species ◽  
Suillus Grevillei ◽  
Beta Glucans ◽  
Fungal Polysaccharides

Mushroom beta-glucans show immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant features. Numerous papers have been published in the last years on fungal polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans, demonstrating their various biological activities. However substantial data about beta-glucan contents in many mushroom species, especially wild mushrooms, are still missing. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to evaluate β-glucans in 18 species of wild mushrooms and three species of commercial mushrooms for comparison purposes. The contents of β-glucans were determined by the Megazyme method and with the Congo red method, which differ in analytical procedure. Among wild mushrooms, the highest mean β-glucan content assessed with the Megazyme method was found in Tricholoma portentosum (34.97 g/100 g DM), whereas with the Congo red method in Lactarius deliciosus (17.11 g/100 g DM) and Suillus grevillei (16.97 g/100 g DM). The β-glucans in wild mushrooms assessed with the Megazyme method were comparable to commercial mushrooms, whereas β-glucans assessed with the Congo red method were generally higher in wild mushrooms, especially in Russula vinosa, L. deliciosus and S. grevillei. This study indicates wild mushrooms as interesting material for β-glucan extraction for food industry and medicinal purposes.

scholarly journals Characterisation and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles derived from Vascellum pratense polysaccharide extract and sodium citrate

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Petrović ◽  
Danijela Kostić ◽  
Anita Klaus ◽  
Jovana Vunduk ◽  
Miomir Nikšić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Colloidal Solution ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Fungal Polysaccharides

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by “green”, cheap hydrothermal method in an autoclave using sodium citrate and Vascellum pratense polysaccharide extract as reducing and stabilizing agents. Presence of spherical AgNPs was confirmed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy; particle size was determined as ~ 40 nm. Even though colloidal solution had relatively low absolute value of zeta potential(-15 mV), short term stability studies suggested a stable system, with AgNPs being stabilized by both citrate and fungal polysaccharides, as FTIR spectra confirmed. The colloidal solution showed good antimicrobial activity against both G+/G- bacteria and Candida albicans, including methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Products containing AgNPs and fungal polysaccharides, which possess various biological activities - most important being immunostimulation - may find use in treatment of skin conditions caused by pathogens.

scholarly journals Comparison between Biological Activities of Commercial and Synthesized Carbon Nanotubes by Flame Fragments Deposition Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 0878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alwindawi Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Different Types

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized via liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as precursor using flame fragments deposition (FFD) technique. In vitro, biological activates of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized by FFD technique were investigated. The physiochemical characterizations of synthesized CNTs are similar to other synthesized CNTs and to the standard sample. Pharmaceutical application of synthesized CNTs was studied via conjugation and adsorption with different types of medicines as promote groups. The conjugation of CNTs was performed by adsorption the drugs such as sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) on CNTs depending on physical properties of both bonded parts. The synthesized CNTs almost have the same performance in antibiotic activity compared with standard sample of CNTs (commercial CNTs).The products were effective antibiotic in the treatment as resistant bacteria, may higher concentration of CNTs would have antibacterial activity on multi-drug resistant bacteria such as Acinetobacter and also on resistant E.coli. The bioactivity synthesized and standard samples of CNTs were almost the same against different types of bacteria.

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