scholarly journals Selenium modulates cadmium-induced ultrastructural and metabolic changes in cucumber seedlings

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 17892-17905
Author(s):  
Hongyan Sun ◽  
Xiaoyun Wang ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Jiahui Bi ◽  
Jia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Cd Tolerance ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Insight Into

Intensive insight into the potential mechanisms of Se-induced Cd tolerance in cucumber seedlings is essential for further improvement of vegetable crop cultivation and breeding to obtain high yields and quality in Cd-contaminated soil.

A Review of Corynespora cassiicola and Its Increasing Relevance to Tomato in Florida

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keevan J. MacKenzie ◽  
Leilani G. Sumabat ◽  
Katia V. Xavier ◽  
Gary E. Vallad
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Corynespora Cassiicola ◽  
Varietal Resistance ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Target Spot ◽  
Insight Into

Corynespora cassiicola is a highly diverse fungal pathogen that can infect more than 500 species of plants, including many economically important crops such as cotton, soybean, tomato, and cucumber. In Florida, the number one vegetable crop by market value are fresh-market tomatoes, which generate nearly half a billion dollars annually. Florida’s subtropical to tropical climate is conducive to infection and development of the target spot pathogen on tomato caused by C. cassiicola. There is no varietal resistance available for target spot of tomato, and preventative fungicide treatments are the primary method for control. In the last decade, C. cassiicola has been more frequently reported by Florida tomato growers, appearing not only more aggressive but also increasingly insensitive to various fungicides. This review brings together the most recent C. cassiicola literature, providing a history and understanding of the immense pathogen diversity and its relevance to tomato. It also provides insight into fungicide resistance development and pathogen survivability, which are important factors in providing effective control recommendations and in understanding the epidemiology of this disease, respectively.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on soil P dynamics, corn P-nutrition and growth in a ridge-tilled commercial field

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine P Landry ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Anne Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge-tilled corn (Zea mays L.) could benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Under low soil disturbance, AM hyphal networks are preserved and can contribute to corn nutrition. A 2-yr study was conducted in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) to test the effects of indigenous AM fungi on corn P nutrition, growth, and soil P in field cropped for 8 yr under ridge-tillage. Phosphorus treatments (0, 17, 35 kg P ha-1) were applied to AM-inhibited (AMI) (fungicide treated) and AM non-inhibited (AMNI) plots. Plant tissue and soil were sampled 22, 48 and 72 days after seeding (DAS). P dynamics was monitored in situ with anionic exchange membranes (PAEM) from seeding to the end of July. AMNI plants showed extensive AM colonization at all P rates. At 22 DAS, AMI plants had decreased growth in the absence of P inputs, while AMNI plants had higher dry mass (DM) and P uptake in unfertilized plots. The PAEM was lower in the AMNI unfertilized soils in 1998 and at all P rates in 1999, indicating an inverse relationship between P uptake and PAEM. At harvest, grain P content of AMNI plants was greater than that of AMI plants. In 1998, only AMI plants had decreased yield in the absence of P fertilization. In 1999, AMNI plants produced greater grain yield than AMI plants at all P rates. AM fungi improve the exploitation of soil P by corn thereby maintaining high yields while reducing crop reliance on P inputs in RT. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, ridge-tillage, soil P dynamics, corn, P nutrition

scholarly journals Bioremediation of cadmium-contaminated paddy soil using an autotrophic and heterotrophic mixture

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 26090-26101
Author(s):  
Menglong Xu ◽  
Yazi Liu ◽  
Yan Deng ◽  
Siyuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Remediation Technology ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Contaminated Paddy Soil

Bioremediation can be a promising and effective remediation technology for treating Cd contaminated soils. Cooperative bioremediation using heterotrophic and autotrophic mixtures proved to be an efficient, short-term bioremediation strategy for heavy metal contaminated soil.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Provides Novel Insight into Morphologic and Metabolic Changes in the Fat Body during Silkworm Metamorphosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Peng ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xuan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

The fat body plays key roles in energy storage and utilization as well as biosynthetic and metabolic activities in insects. During metamorphosis from larva to pupa, the fat body undergoes dramatic changes in morphology and metabolic processes. However, the genetic basis underlying these changes has not been completely understood. In this study, the authors performed a time-course transcriptome analysis of the fat body during silkworm metamorphosis using RNA-sequencing. A total of 5217 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the fat body at different developmental time points. DEGs involved in lipid synthesis and degradation were highly expressed at the third day of the last larval instar and during the prepupal-pupal transition, respectively. DEGs involved in the ecdysone signaling and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways that modulate organ development exhibited a high expression level during the fat body remodeling process from prepupa to pupa. Intriguingly, the RNA interference-mediated knockdown of either decapentaplegic (Dpp) or protein 60A (Gbb), two DEGs involved in the BMP signaling pathway, inhibited fat body dissociation but promoted lipid mobilization, suggesting that the BMP signaling pathway not only is required for fat body remodeling, but also moderately inhibits lipid mobilization to ensure an appropriate lipid supply during the pupal-adult transition. In conclusion, the comparative transcriptome analysis provides novel insight into morphologic and metabolic changes in the fat body during silkworm metamorphosis.

scholarly journals Describing the toxicity and sources and the remediation technologies for mercury-contaminated soil

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 23221-23232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongye Teng ◽  
Kang Mao ◽  
Waqar Ali ◽  
Guomin Xu ◽  
Guopei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Mercury (Hg) is a natural element and its compounds are found as inorganic and organic forms in the environment.

scholarly journals Application of polyethylenimine-coated magnetic nanocomposites for the selective separation of Cs-enriched clay particles from radioactive soil

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 21822-21829
Author(s):  
June-Hyun Kim ◽  
Sung-Man Kim ◽  
In-Ho Yoon ◽  
Ilgook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Selective Separation ◽  
Magnetic Nanocomposites ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Soil P

Selective separation of Cs-enriched fine particles from contaminated soil using Fe3O4-PEI nanocomposites and a mesh filter.

scholarly journals Toward a trace-free oxidant—insight into unexpected high yields of vapor phase polymerized polyterthiophene

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ong ◽  
Paul M Bayley ◽  
Orawan Winther-Jensen ◽  
Bjorn Winther-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Insight Into

Field dispersal of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, and Alternaria macrospora by animals, people, birds, insects, mites, agricultural tools, aircraft, soil particles, and water sources

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bashan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Infested Field

Viable disseminating units of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Okabe) Young, Dye and Wilkie and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Doidge) Dye, the bacterial leaf pathogens of tomato and pepper, respectively, and Alternaria macrospora Zimm, the causal agent of Alternaria blight in cotton, were found to be carried by a wide variety of agents including animals, people, insects, mites, agricultural tools, aircraft, soil particles, and water sources. Of these, specific insects and tools commonly used for crop cultivation were the most heavily contaminated. Soil adhering to agricultural tools or carried by various water sources can also serve as a disseminating agent. It was concluded that nearly all accidental agents passing through the infested field may act as vectors of these pathogens.

Reconstructing crop yield variability in Finland: Long-term perspective of the cultivation history on the agricultural periphery since ad 760

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heli Huhtamaa ◽  
Samuli Helama
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Run ◽  
High Yields

Lack of documentation on past harvest fluctuations limits the exploration of long-term trends in crop production and agricultural adaptation strategies. A long-term perspective is needed, however, to understand the wide spectrum of potential human responses to environment and climate change. Therefore, we used tree-ring density series as proxy data to reconstruct climate-mediated yield ratio (harvested grain in relation to sown) in central and northern Finland over the period ad 760–2000. The reconstruction explains 50% of the variance in recorded yield ratio variability over the calibration period (ad 1866–1921). The reconstruction illustrated several intervals of increased and reduced yield ratio over the past 13 centuries. The long-term development of the agricultural prerequisites is characterized by distinct intervals defined statistically as ad 760–1106 (highest yield ratios), 1107–1451, 1452–1694, 1695–1911 (lowest yield ratios) and 1912 onwards. The results provide insight into the establishment and development of crop cultivation in the agricultural margin. The reconstruction suggests that continuous crop cultivation was established in the study region during a favourable period of climatic conditions supporting high yields. Thereafter, the climate-mediated yield ratio declined in the long run until the turn of the 20th century. Periods of agricultural transformations, those previously demonstrated in pollen data and historical documents, followed the onsets of the low yield ratio phases indicated by our reconstruction. Thus, we suggest that ever since the establishment of crop cultivation, climate can be considered as an important factor contributing to the development of the agricultural history in the north.

scholarly journals Evaluation of dissipation mechanisms for pyrene by maize (Zea Mays L.) in cadmium co-contaminated soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-496
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Unplanted Soil

Sites co-contaminated with organic and metal pollutants are common and considered to be a more complex problem, as the two components often have a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity. This study investigated the dissipation mechnisms for pyrene in cadmium co-contaminated soil in which maize (ZEA MAYS L.) was grown in a greenhouse experiment. Results showed the growth response of maize may be affected by the co-contamination due to the interaction between the heavy metal and organic pollutants. Pyrene in both planted and unplanted soil diminished significantly at the end of 60-day culture, accounting for 21-31% of the initial extractable concentration in unplanted soil and 12-27% in planted soil, which indicated that the dissipation of pyrene was enhanced by the presence of vegetation. Although the presence of cadmium stimulated the accumulation of pyrene in roots and shoots of maize, contributions of plant off-take of pyrene to the total remediation enhancement in the presence of vegetation was less than 0.3%. A significant positive correlation was observed between soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase) and the removal ratio of pyrene. Plant root exudates appear to promote the number of rhizosphere microorganisms and enzyme activity, thereby improving biodegradation of pyrene.

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