Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on soil P dynamics, corn P-nutrition and growth in a ridge-tilled commercial field

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine P Landry ◽  
Chantal Hamel ◽  
Anne Vanasse
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Ridge-tilled corn (Zea mays L.) could benefit from arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Under low soil disturbance, AM hyphal networks are preserved and can contribute to corn nutrition. A 2-yr study was conducted in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) to test the effects of indigenous AM fungi on corn P nutrition, growth, and soil P in field cropped for 8 yr under ridge-tillage. Phosphorus treatments (0, 17, 35 kg P ha-1) were applied to AM-inhibited (AMI) (fungicide treated) and AM non-inhibited (AMNI) plots. Plant tissue and soil were sampled 22, 48 and 72 days after seeding (DAS). P dynamics was monitored in situ with anionic exchange membranes (PAEM) from seeding to the end of July. AMNI plants showed extensive AM colonization at all P rates. At 22 DAS, AMI plants had decreased growth in the absence of P inputs, while AMNI plants had higher dry mass (DM) and P uptake in unfertilized plots. The PAEM was lower in the AMNI unfertilized soils in 1998 and at all P rates in 1999, indicating an inverse relationship between P uptake and PAEM. At harvest, grain P content of AMNI plants was greater than that of AMI plants. In 1998, only AMI plants had decreased yield in the absence of P fertilization. In 1999, AMNI plants produced greater grain yield than AMI plants at all P rates. AM fungi improve the exploitation of soil P by corn thereby maintaining high yields while reducing crop reliance on P inputs in RT. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizae, ridge-tillage, soil P dynamics, corn, P nutrition

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
S. H. Begna ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Soil

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, extraradical hyphae, maize hybrid,plant biomass, P uptake, soil extractable P

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Řezáčová ◽  
Milan Řezáč ◽  
Hana Gryndlerová ◽  
Gail W. T. Wilson ◽  
Tereza Michalová
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Networks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractIn a globalized world, plant invasions are common challenges for native ecosystems. Although a considerable number of invasive plants form arbuscular mycorrhizae, interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and invasive and native plants are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment examining how AM fungi affect interactions of co-occurring plant species in the family Asteracea, invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus and native forb of central Europe Inula conyzae. The effects of initial soil disturbance, including the effect of intact or disturbed arbuscular mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), were examined. AM fungi supported the success of invasive E. sphaerocephalus in competition with native I. conyzae, regardless of the initial disturbance of CMNs. The presence of invasive E. sphaerocephalus decreased mycorrhizal colonization in I. conyzae, with a concomitant loss in mycorrhizal benefits. Our results confirm AM fungi represent one important mechanism of plant invasion for E. sphaerocephalus in semi-natural European grasslands.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal enhancement of phosphorus uptake and yields of maize under high planting density in the black soil region of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Hou ◽  
Xiaofei Zhang ◽  
Gu Feng ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Yubin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Yields

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses are an attractive means of improving the efficiency of soil phosphorus (P) that difficult to be used by plants and may provide a sustainable way of maintaining high yields while reducing P applications. However, quantifying the contribution of indigenous AM fungi on phosphorus uptake and yields of maize (Zea mays L.) under field conditions is not particularly clear. Mesh-barrier compartments were applied to monitor the distribution of hyphal P uptake throughout the experimental period under different planting densities and soil depths, over two consecutive years. AM symbioses enhanced plant P-acquisition efficiency, especially during the silking stage, and hyphae of AM fungi was assessed to contribution 19.4% at most to total available P content of soil. Moreover, the pattern of AM depletion of soil P generally matched shoot nutrient demand under the high planting density, which resulted in significantly increased yield in 2014. Although the hyphal length density was significantly decreased with soil depth, AM fungi still had high potential for P supply in deeper soil. It demonstrates the great potential of indigenous AM fungi to maize productivity in the high-yield area of China, and it would further provide the possibility of elimination P fertilizer applications to maintain high yields.

Colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi changes the relationship between phosphorus uptake and membrane potential in leek (Allium porrum) seedlings

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Ayling ◽  
Sally E. Smith ◽  
F. Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the relationship between phosphorus (P) uptake and root membrane electric potential difference (p.d.) was investigated in leek (Allium porrum L.). Plants were grown, with or without the AM fungus Scutellospora calospora (Nicolson and Gerdemann) Walker and Sanders, in soil. P uptake and root p.d. were correlated; plants with the highest P concentration in the shoot had the most negative p.d. This relationship was strong in non-mycorrhizal leeks (r2 = 84–98%), but weaker in mycorrhizal leeks (r2 = 55–64%), consistent with the idea that in mycorrhizal roots the fungal hyphae are the principal site of P uptake.

Phosphorus supply level affects the regulation of phosphorus uptake by different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species in a highly P-efficient backcross maize line

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoyuan Zheng ◽  
Junling Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Li
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Supply Level

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are known to facilitate effective acquisition of phosphorus (P) by host plants in low P soils. However, the contribution of mycorrhizal traits to high P-use efficiency in modern-bred maize genotypes is still not clear. In the present study one backcross maize inbred line 224 (bred for high P-use efficiency) was used as the host plant associated with AM fungal species (Rhizophagus irregularis or Glomus mosseae) grown at a range of soil P treatments (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 mg P kg–1, Experiment 1) or foliar P applications (0, 0.025%, 0.5% m/v, Experiment 2). The experiments were to test the hypothesis whether the change point of the mycorrhizal growth and P responsiveness of 224, as well as the expression of ZEAma;Pht1;6 was at or near the optimal P supply level. In addition, different AM inoculants might differ in regulating P uptake of the host. Our results indicated that inbred line 224 was highly responsive to mycorrhizal inoculation. In Experiment 1, root colonisation rate, hyphal length density and alkaline phosphatase increased with the increase of soil P supply level. However, the mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) and P accumulation in shoot (MPR) were greatly affected by soil P supply level and varied between the two fungal species. Maize plants exhibited higher MGR and MPR at lower P supply when inoculated with R. irregularis, and at intermediate P supply when inoculated with G. mosseae. In Experiment 2, shoot P uptake was significantly increased by foliar P supply and inoculation, whereas shoot growth was significantly affected by P supply and the interaction. The expression of the AM-inducible Pi transporter gene ZEAma;Pht1;6 was neither significantly affected by soil (except at 100 mg P kg–1, Experiment 1) or foliar P supply level, nor by fungal species. Root P uptake efficiency (RPUE) was generally greatly increased by mycorrhizal colonisation at all P supply levels in both experiments, and significant correlations were observed between mycorrhizal variables and RPUE in Experiment 1. Our results indicate that the formation of mycorrhizal association could increase RPUE and thus may be partly attributed to high P-use efficiency of inbred line 224. The different responsiveness of mycorrhizal fungi to soil-available P implies the importance for the development of precision strategies to optimise the potential function of AM fungi under different P fertilisation management regime in agricultural soils.

Transcriptional regulation of phosphate transporters from Lolium perenne and its mycorrhizal symbionts in response to phosphorus supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianhe Liu ◽  
Anthony J. Parsons ◽  
Hong Xue ◽  
Chris S. Jones ◽  
Susanne Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation

Phosphate (P) uptake is critical for plant growth, but to date little is known about P uptake and transport in the pasture grass Lolium perenne L. We have identified a putative P transporter (PT) from L. perenne mycorrhizal roots (LpPT1) and assessed its transcriptional regulation by soil P availability and mycorrhizal colonisation. We also investigated transcript levels of fungal PTs from the two arbuscular mycorrhizal species Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae. Our analyses indicated that LpPT1 codes for a high affinity PT most likely responsible for direct P uptake from the soil. LpPT1 is highly expressed in roots of plants grown at low P, whereas high P repressed its expression. LpPT1 was not expressed in above-ground plant tissues. Colonisation with R. intraradices did not affect expression of LpPT1 significantly. Transcript levels of the R. intraradices PT were not affected by P availability but the F. mosseae PT was repressed by high P supply, particularly in intraradical hyphae. Our study could assist in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of P uptake in the pasture grass L. perenne.

Arbuscular mycorrhizae promote establishment of prairie species in a tallgrass prairie restoration

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
M R Smith ◽  
I Charvat ◽  
R L Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Prairie Restoration ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie Restoration ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Rate Of Succession

The effect that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculum has on the development of an early successional tallgrass prairie restoration was investigated in field plots of a recently disturbed area in Minnesota, U.S.A. Mycorrhizal inoculum reproduced from a native prairie was placed below a mix of prairie seed. Two sets of control plots were established, those with seed only and those with seed and a sterilized soil. By the end of 15 months, plants in the inoculated plots had a significantly greater percentage of roots colonized by AM fungi. While inoculation had no effect on total percent cover of plants, percent cover of native planted grasses was significantly greater in the inoculated plots than in the two sets of controls. The increase in percent cover of native grasses may increase the rate of succession by allowing these grasses to outcompete the ruderal species also present at the site. Our findings suggest that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae promotes the development of early successional tallgrass prairie communities.Key words: mycorrhizae, prairie, reclamation, plant community, inoculation, restoration.

scholarly journals Phosphorus-Use Efficiency Modified by Complementary Effects of P Supply Intensity With Limited Root Growth Space

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiqing Gong ◽  
Bilisuma Kabeto Wako ◽  
Yue Xiang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Growth Space ◽  
P Supply

Space availability and the maintenance of adequate phosphorus (P) supply in the root zone are essential for achieving high yield and P-use efficiency in maize production by manipulating the root morphology and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonization. A major trade-off exists between root growth and AM colonization that is influenced by soil P supply intensity and space availability. However, how soil P manipulates the root morphological characteristics and AM colonization to compensate for the limitation of root-growth space induced by high-planting density is not clear. Therefore, pot experiments were conducted to investigate interactions between the root growth and AM fungi by optimizing soil P supply to compensate for limited root growth space induced by high-planting density. Similar shoot biomass and P uptake values were obtained in P200 (200 mg P kg−1 soil) under D = 40 (i.e., diameter of the pot is 40 cm) and P400 under D = 30, and similar values were obtained for root length, tap root length, root angle, lateral root density, and AM colonization. However, the improvement in P supply in the root zone, shoot biomass, and P uptake in P400 under D = 20 were lower than in P200 under D = 30, and there were no significant differences in the root parameters between P200 and P400 under D = 20; similarly, the root growth and AM colonization exhibited similar trends. These results suggest that optimizing P supply in the root zone to regulate the interaction between root morphological traits and AM colonization can compensate for limited root-growth space. Although P supply in the root zone increased after the root-growth space was compressed, it could not meet the P demand of maize; thus, to achieve the most efficient use of P under intensive high-density maize production, it is necessary to optimally coordinate root growth space and P supply in the root zone.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and stevioside concentration are improved by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Stevia rebaudiana under different phosphate concentrations

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10173
Author(s):  
Luis G. Sarmiento-López ◽  
Melina López-Meyer ◽  
Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez ◽  
Luis Cárdenas ◽  
Mario Rodríguez-Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Carotenoid Concentration

In plants, phosphorus (P) uptake occurs via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and through plant roots. The phosphate concentration is known to affect colonization by AM fungi, and the effect depends on the plant species. Stevia rebaudiana plants are valuable sources of sweetener compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), and the principal components of SGs are stevioside and rebaudioside A. However, a detailed analysis describing the effect of the phosphate concentration on the colonization of AM fungi in the roots and the relationship of these factors to the accumulation of SGs and photochemical performance has not been performed; such an analysis was the aim of this study. The results indicated that low phosphate concentrations (20 and 200 µM KH2PO4) induced a high percentage of colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis in the roots of S. rebaudiana, while high phosphate concentrations (500 and 1,000 µM KH2PO4) reduced colonization. The morphology of the colonization structure is a typical Arum-type mycorrhiza, and a mycorrhiza-specific phosphate transporter was identified. Colonization with low phosphate concentrations improved plant growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration, and photochemical performance. The transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferase (UGT74G1) was upregulated in colonized plants at 200 µM KH2PO4, which was consistent with the observed patterns of stevioside accumulation. In contrast, at 200 µM KH2PO4, the transcription of UGT76G1 and the accumulation of rebaudioside A were higher in noncolonized plants than in colonized plants. These results indicate that a low phosphate concentration improves mycorrhizal colonization and modulates the stevioside and rebaudioside A concentration by regulating the transcription of the genes that encode kaurene oxidase and glucosyltransferases, which are involved in stevioside and rebaudioside A synthesis in S. rebaudiana.

Concentrations of K, Ca and Mg in maize colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
A. Elmi ◽  
C. Costa ◽  
B. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Little attention has been paid to the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the uptake of nutrients that move mainly by mass flow. The objective of this study was to assess the possible contribution of indigenous AM fungi to the K, Ca and Mg nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.) as influenced by soil P levels and its impact on plant dry mass. The field experiment had a split plot design with four replicates. Treatments included soil fumigation status (fumigation and non-fumigation) and three levels of P fertilization (0, 60 and 120 kg P2O5 ha-1) in a loamy sand soil in 1997 and a fine sandy loam soil in 1998. Soil fumigati on with Basamid® was used to suppress indigenous AM fungi. Plants were sampled at four different growth stages (6-leaf stage, 10-leaf stage, tasseling and silking). Soil fumigation decreased shoot dry weight, but P fertilization increased shoot dry weight at most sampling times. When no P fertilizer was added, fumigation in the loamy sand soil reduced shoot K and Ca concentrations while, in contrast, in the fine sandy loam soil only Mg concentration was reduced by soil fumigation. The concentration of K in maize shoots was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with extraradicular hyphal length in both soils. The correlation between the abundance of extraradicular hyphae and the concentrations of Ca and Mg in maize shoots was significant only for soils where available Ca or Mg was relatively low. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could increase corn biomass production and K, Ca and Mg uptake in soil low in these elements and low in P. These results indicate that the contribution of mycorrhizae to maize K, Ca and Mg nutrition can be significant in a field situation and that the extent of this contribution depends on the availability of these nutrients and of P in soils. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil fumigation, extraradicular hyphae, uptake of K, Ca, and Mg, soil P levels, maize

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