Retraction: 3D printed highly flexible strain sensor based on TPU–graphene composite for feedback from high speed robotic applications

Retraction of ‘3D printed highly flexible strain sensor based on TPU–graphene composite for feedback from high speed robotic applications’ by Jahan Zeb Gul et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2019, 7, 4692–4701.

Download Full-text

Retracted Article: 3D printed highly flexible strain sensor based on TPU–graphene composite for feedback from high speed robotic applications

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/c8tc03423k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (16) ◽

pp. 4692-4701 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jahan Zeb Gul ◽

Memoon Sajid ◽

Kyung Hyun Choi

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Strain Sensor ◽

Graphene Composite ◽

Retracted Article ◽

3D Printed ◽

Resistive Type ◽

Flexible Strain Sensor ◽

Robotic Applications

A novel, highly flexible and electrically resistive-type strain sensor with a special three-dimensional conductive network was 3D printed using a composite of conductive graphene pellets and flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) pellets.

Download Full-text

Flexible Strain Sensor Using Additive Manufacturing and Conductive Liquid Metal: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization

Volume 2: Advanced Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/imece2018-88753 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Austin Smith ◽

Hamzeh Bardaweel

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Liquid Metal ◽

Strain Sensor ◽

Gauge Factor ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Conductive Liquid ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

3D Printed ◽

Flexible Strain Sensor

In this work a flexible strain sensor is fabricated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique. The strain sensor is fabricated using commercially available flexible Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) filaments and liquid metal Galinstan Ga 68.5% In 21% Sn 10%. The strain sensor consists of U-shape 2.34mm long and 0.2mm deep channels embedded inside a TPU 3D printed structure. The performance of the strain sensor is measured experimentally. Gauge Factor is estimated by measuring change in electric resistance when the sensor is subject to 13.2% – 38.6% strain. Upon straining and unstraining, results from characterization tests show high linearity in the range of 13.2% to 38.6% strain with very little hysteresis. However, changes due to permanent deformations are a limiting factor in the usefulness of these sensors because these changes limit the consistency of the device. FDM 3D printing shows promise as a method for fabricating flexible strain sensors. However, more investigation is needed to look at the effects of geometries and 3D printing process parameters on the yield elongation of the flexible filaments. Additionally, more investigation is needed to observe the effect of distorted dimensions of the 3D printed channels on the sensitivity of the strain sensor. It is anticipated that successful implementation of these commercially available filaments and FDM 3D printers will lead to reduction in cost and complexity of developing these flexible sensors.

Download Full-text

3D-printed highly stable flexible strain sensor based on silver-coated-glass fiber-filled conductive silicon rubber

Materials & Design ◽

10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108788 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 193 ◽

pp. 108788

Author(s):

Chen Zhao ◽

Zhidong Xia ◽

Xuelong Wang ◽

Jingkai Nie ◽

Pei Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glass Fiber ◽

Strain Sensor ◽

Silicon Rubber ◽

Coated Glass ◽

3D Printed ◽

Flexible Strain Sensor

Download Full-text

Design of a Sensitive Balloon Sensor for Safe Human–Robot Interaction

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21062163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2163

Author(s):

Dongjin Kim ◽

Seungyong Han ◽

Taewi Kim ◽

Changhwan Kim ◽

Doohoe Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Strain Sensor ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Human Robot Interaction ◽

Large Area ◽

Tactile Sensors ◽

Robot Interaction ◽

Mechanical Crack ◽

Flexible Strain Sensor ◽

Contact Sensing

As the safety of a human body is the main priority while interacting with robots, the field of tactile sensors has expanded for acquiring tactile information and ensuring safe human–robot interaction (HRI). Existing lightweight and thin tactile sensors exhibit high performance in detecting their surroundings. However, unexpected collisions caused by malfunctions or sudden external collisions can still cause injuries to rigid robots with thin tactile sensors. In this study, we present a sensitive balloon sensor for contact sensing and alleviating physical collisions over a large area of rigid robots. The balloon sensor is a pressure sensor composed of an inflatable body of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and a highly sensitive and flexible strain sensor laminated onto it. The mechanical crack-based strain sensor with high sensitivity enables the detection of extremely small changes in the strain of the balloon. Adjusting the geometric parameters of the balloon allows for a large and easily customizable sensing area. The weight of the balloon sensor was approximately 2 g. The sensor is employed with a servo motor and detects a finger or a sheet of rolled paper gently touching it, without being damaged.

Download Full-text

Design and fabrication of flexible strain sensor based on ZnO-decorated PVDF via atomic layer deposition

Applied Surface Science ◽

10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150126 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 150126

Author(s):

Chao Sun ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Yijun Zhang ◽

Fengwan Zhao ◽

Jun Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atomic Layer Deposition ◽

Strain Sensor ◽

Atomic Layer ◽

Layer Deposition ◽

Flexible Strain Sensor

Download Full-text

Additively Manufactured Parts Made of a Polymer Material Used for the Experimental Verification of a Component of a High-Speed Machine with an Optimised Geometry—Preliminary Research

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13010137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Artur Andrearczyk ◽

Bartlomiej Konieczny ◽

Jerzy Sokołowski

Keyword(s):

Polymer Material ◽

High Speed ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Strength Analysis ◽

Compressor Wheel ◽

Operational Characteristics ◽

3D Printed ◽

Novel Method

This paper describes a novel method for the experimental validation of numerically optimised turbomachinery components. In the field of additive manufacturing, numerical models still need to be improved, especially with the experimental data. The paper presents the operational characteristics of a compressor wheel, measured during experimental research. The validation process included conducting a computational flow analysis and experimental tests of two compressor wheels: The aluminium wheel and the 3D printed wheel (made of a polymer material). The chosen manufacturing technology and the results obtained made it possible to determine the speed range in which the operation of the tested machine is stable. In addition, dynamic destructive tests were performed on the polymer disc and their results were compared with the results of the strength analysis. The tests were carried out at high rotational speeds (up to 120,000 rpm). The results of the research described above have proven the utility of this technology in the research and development of high-speed turbomachines operating at speeds up to 90,000 rpm. The research results obtained show that the technology used is suitable for multi-variant optimization of the tested machine part. This work has also contributed to the further development of numerical models.

Download Full-text

Structural Reinforcement Effect of a Flexible Strain Sensor Integrated with Pneumatic Balloon Actuators for Soft Microrobot Fingers

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12040395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 395

Author(s):

Satoshi Konishi ◽

Fuminari Mori ◽

Ayano Shimizu ◽

Akiya Hirata

Keyword(s):

Liquid Metal ◽

Strain Sensor ◽

Strain Sensors ◽

Original Performance ◽

Sensors And Actuators ◽

Parylene C ◽

Structural Reinforcement ◽

Effective Combination ◽

Metal Strain ◽

Flexible Strain Sensor

Motion capture of a robot and tactile sensing for a robot require sensors. Strain sensors are used to detect bending deformation of the robot finger and to sense the force from an object. It is important to introduce sensors in effective combination with actuators without affecting the original performance of the robot. We are interested in the improvement of flexible strain sensors integrated into soft microrobot fingers using a pneumatic balloon actuator (PBA). A strain sensor using a microchannel filled with liquid metal was developed for soft PBAs by considering the compatibility of sensors and actuators. Inflatable deformation generated by PBAs, however, was found to affect sensor characteristics. This paper presents structural reinforcement of a liquid metal-based sensor to solve this problem. Parylene C film was deposited into a microchannel to reinforce its structure against the inflatable deformation caused by a PBA. Parylene C deposition into a microchannel suppressed the interference of inflatable deformation. The proposed method enables the effective combination of soft PBAs and a flexible liquid metal strain sensor for use in microrobot fingers.

Download Full-text