Heterogeneous multi-compartmental DNA hydrogel particles through microfluidic assembly for lymphocyte inspired precision medicine

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Wan Mei Lian ◽  
Song Guo ◽  
Kewei Ren ◽  
Ying XU ◽  
John S. Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hydrogel Particles ◽  
Microfluidic Assembly ◽  
Dna Hydrogel

Lymphocytes play a vital role in immunosurveillance by sensing biomolecules and eliminating targeted invaders. Compared with conventional therapies depending on timing drug loading, lymphocytes are advantageous as they ensure automatic...

scholarly journals Nanosuspensions – An Update on Recent Patents, Methods of Preparation, and Evaluation Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harpreet Kaur Khanuja ◽  
Rajendra Awasthi ◽  
Meenu Mehta ◽  
Saurabh Satija ◽  
Alaa AA Aljabali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Loading ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Colloidal Systems ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Extensive Information ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

Background: Nanosuspensions are colloidal systems consisting of pure drug and stabilizers, without matrix or lyophilized into a solid matrix. Nanosuspensions improve the solubility of the drug both in the aqueous and organic phases. Nanosuspensions are also known as brick dust molecules, as they increase the dissolution of a system and improve absorption. Methods: Extensive information related to nanosuspensions and its associated patents were collected using PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: Over the last decade nanosuspensions have attracted tremendous interest in pharmaceutical research. It provides unique features including, improved solubility, high drug loading capacity, and passive targeting. These particles are costeffective, simple, and have lesser side effects with minimal dose requirements. However, the stability of nanosuspensions still warrants attention. Conclusion: Nanosuspensions plays a vital role in handling the numerous drug entities with difficult physico-chemical characteristics such as solubility and can further aid with a range of routes that include nasal, transdermal, occular, parenteral, pulmonary etc. This review highlights the relevance of nanosuspensions in achieving safe, effective and targeted drug delivery.

scholarly journals Liposomes: Structure, Biomedical Applications, and Stability Parameters With Emphasis on Cholesterol

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooria Nakhaei ◽  
Ria Margiana ◽  
Dmitry O. Bokov ◽  
Walid Kamal Abdelbasset ◽  
Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Prior Art ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Hydrophobic Tail ◽  
The Stability

Liposomes are essentially a subtype of nanoparticles comprising a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head constituting a phospholipid membrane. The spherical or multilayered spherical structures of liposomes are highly rich in lipid contents with numerous criteria for their classification, including structural features, structural parameters, and size, synthesis methods, preparation, and drug loading. Despite various liposomal applications, such as drug, vaccine/gene delivery, biosensors fabrication, diagnosis, and food products applications, their use encounters many limitations due to physico-chemical instability as their stability is vigorously affected by the constituting ingredients wherein cholesterol performs a vital role in the stability of the liposomal membrane. It has well established that cholesterol exerts its impact by controlling fluidity, permeability, membrane strength, elasticity and stiffness, transition temperature (Tm), drug retention, phospholipid packing, and plasma stability. Although the undetermined optimum amount of cholesterol for preparing a stable and controlled release vehicle has been the downside, but researchers are still focused on cholesterol as a promising material for the stability of liposomes necessitating explanation for the stability promotion of liposomes. Herein, the prior art pertaining to the liposomal appliances, especially for drug delivery in cancer therapy, and their stability emphasizing the roles of cholesterol.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs into Polymer Multilayer Capsules Templated on Vaterite CaCO3 Crystals

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Campbell ◽  
Georgia Kastania ◽  
Dmitry Volodkin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Polymer Deposition ◽  
Smart Drug

Polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules (PEMCs) templated onto biocompatible and easily degradable vaterite CaCO3 crystals via the layer-by-layer (LbL) polymer deposition process have served as multifunctional and tailor-made vehicles for advanced drug delivery. Since the last two decades, the PEMCs were utilized for effective encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.). However, their capacity to host low-molecular-weight (LMW) drugs (<1–2 kDa) has been demonstrated rather recently due to a limited retention ability of multilayers to small molecules. The safe and controlled delivery of LMW drugs plays a vital role for the treatment of cancers and other diseases, and, due to their tunable and inherent properties, PEMCs have shown to be good candidates for smart drug delivery. Herein, we summarize recent progress on the encapsulation of LMW drugs into PEMCs templated onto vaterite CaCO3 crystals. The drug loading and release mechanisms, advantages and limitations of the PEMCs as LMW drug carriers, as well as bio-applications of drug-laden capsules are discussed based upon the recent literature findings.

Microfluidic Assembly of Magnetic Hydrogel Particles with Uniformly Anisotropic Structure

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (31) ◽  
pp. 3201-3204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Adam R. Abate ◽  
Daeyeon Lee ◽  
Eugene M. Terentjev ◽  
David A. Weitz
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Structure ◽  
Hydrogel Particles ◽  
Magnetic Hydrogel ◽  
Microfluidic Assembly

scholarly journals Aqueous Triple-Phase System in Microwell Array for Generating Uniform-Sized DNA Hydrogel Particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Kunihiro Masukawa ◽  
Yukiko Okuda ◽  
Masahiro Takinoue
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dna Motifs ◽  
Hydrogel Microparticles ◽  
Hydrogel Particles ◽  
Thermal Gelation ◽  
Microwell Array ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Dna Hydrogel

DNA hydrogels are notable for their biocompatibility and ability to incorporate DNA information and computing properties into self-assembled micrometric structures. These hydrogels are assembled by the thermal gelation of DNA motifs, a process which requires a high salt concentration and yields polydisperse hydrogel particles, thereby limiting their application and physicochemical characterization. In this study, we demonstrate that single, uniform DNA hydrogel particles can form inside aqueous/aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) assembled in a microwell array. In this process, uniform dextran droplets are formed in a microwell array inside a microfluidic device. The dextran droplets, which contain DNA motifs, are isolated from each other by an immiscible PEG solution containing magnesium ions and spermine, which enables the DNA hydrogel to undergo gelation. Upon thermal annealing of the device, we observed the formation of an aqueous triple-phase system in which uniform DNA hydrogel particles (the innermost aqueous phase) resided at the interface of the aqueous two-phase system of dextran and PEG. We expect ATPS microdroplet arrays to be used to manufacture other hydrogel microparticles and DNA/dextran/PEG aqueous triple-phase systems to serve as a highly parallel model for artificial cells and membraneless organelles.

scholarly journals Precise medication for tumor patients in the context of mental stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110498
Author(s):  
Qi-Shun Geng ◽  
Zhi-Bo Shen ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Zheng ◽  
Wen-Hua Xue ◽  
Li-Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Patients ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Poor Outcomes

Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death worldwide due to its late diagnosis and poor outcomes. Precision medicine plays an important role in the treatment of tumors. As found for many types of tumors, mental stress plays a vital role in the promotion and progression of tumors. In this paper, we briefly introduce the manifestation and effects of mental symptoms in tumor patients. We next specifically discuss the multiple roles of precision medicine in the tumor therapy. Finally, we also highlight the precision medicine strategy for psychiatric symptoms in tumor patients, which promises to enhance the efficacy of tumor therapy.

Magnetic Hydrogel Particles: Microfluidic Assembly of Magnetic Hydrogel Particles with Uniformly Anisotropic Structure (Adv. Mater. 31/2009)

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (31) ◽  
pp. NA-NA
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Chen ◽  
Adam R. Abate ◽  
Daeyeon Lee ◽  
Eugene M. Terentjev ◽  
David A. Weitz
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Structure ◽  
Hydrogel Particles ◽  
Magnetic Hydrogel ◽  
Microfluidic Assembly

Ultrastructure of Lymphatic Capillaries in the Transport of Colloidal Particles

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 186-187
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak ◽  
J. F. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Thorium Dioxide ◽  
Lymphatic Capillary ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
Tissue Fluids

The vital role played by the lymphatic capillaries in the transfer of tissue fluids and particulate materials from the connective tissue area can be demonstrated by the rapid removal of injected vital dyes into the tissue areas. In order to ascertain the mechanisms involved in the transfer of substances from the connective tissue area at the ultrastructural level, we have injected colloidal particles of varying sizes which range from 80 A up to 900-mμ. These colloidal particles (colloidal ferritin 80-100A, thorium dioxide 100-200 A, biological carbon 200-300 and latex spheres 900-mμ) are injected directly into the interstitial spaces of the connective tissue with glass micro-needles mounted in a modified Chambers micromanipulator. The progress of the particles from the interstitial space into the lymphatic capillary lumen is followed by observing tissues from animals (skin of the guinea pig ear) that were injected at various time intervals ranging from 5 minutes up to 6 months.

Three-Dimensional reconstruction of isolated centrosomes by automated electron tomography

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
M.B. Braunfeld ◽  
M. Moritz ◽  
B.M. Alberts ◽  
J.W. Sedat ◽  
D.A. Agard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Microtubule Organizing Center ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Organizing Center ◽  
Resolution Model

In animal cells, the centrosome functions as the primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC). As such the centrosome plays a vital role in determining a cell's shape, migration, and perhaps most importantly, its division. Despite the obvious importance of this organelle little is known about centrosomal regulation, duplication, or how it nucleates microtubules. Furthermore, no high resolution model for centrosomal structure exists.We have used automated electron tomography, and reconstruction techniques in an attempt to better understand the complex nature of the centrosome. Additionally we hope to identify nucleation sites for microtubule growth.Centrosomes were isolated from early Drosophila embryos. Briefly, after large organelles and debris from homogenized embryos were pelleted, the resulting supernatant was separated on a sucrose velocity gradient. Fractions were collected and assayed for centrosome-mediated microtubule -nucleating activity by incubating with fluorescently-labeled tubulin subunits. The resulting microtubule asters were then spun onto coverslips and viewed by fluorescence microscopy.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

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